医学英语骨骼

1、SKELETAL SYSTEMnFunctionsnClassificationnTypes of bones, tissues and cellsnBone structure (anatomy)nDivisions of the skeletonnJoints (classification and anatomy of joints)nDiseases of the skeletal system Bones of the Skeleton carpals clavicle coccyx femur fibula humerus mandible metacarpals metatars

2、als patella phalanges pelvis radius ribs sacrum scapula skull sternum tarsals tibia ulna vertebrae212220151914171813143276598101611112122201912181516171314109865432111712 Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- r

3、ib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patellaDistalepiphysisProximal epiphysisdiaphysisyellow marrowepiphyseal lineperiosteumcompact bonespongy boneEndosteumhyaline cartilageSharpeys fibersAxial SkeletonnSkullnVertebral columnnRib cage (ribs + sternum)Sk

4、ullSkull Bones* The Skull consists of 8 CRANIAL BONES + 14 FACIAL BONES* The Ears consists of 6 BONES and* Floating in the throat is 1 HYOID BONEInner EarRib Cage Also called the Thoracic Cage 12 pairs of RIBS 7 true ribs 5 false ribs(2 floating ribs) 1 STERNUM (breastbone)Vertebral Column(spinal co

5、lumn/ backbone) 7 CERVICAL (NECK) VERTEBRAE, 12 THORACIC 5 LUMBAR, 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 SACRUM, 4 SMALL FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 COCCYX (YOUR TAIL BONE)Shoulder Girdles and Arms The Shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle Consists of 4 bones Upper limbs consist of 60 bones (the hands an

6、d wrist contain 54 separate bones).Hip Girdles and Legs The hip girdle is also called the pelvic girdle Consists of 2 bones Lower limbs consist of 60 bones (the anklesand feet contain 52 separate bones)Slide 5.52aCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 5.29acSlid

7、e 5.52bCopyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 5.29dfAnatomy of a Jointn2 or more bonesnJoint capsulenCartilagenSynovial membranenSynovial fluidnFatnLigamentsnBursanMeniscusnTendonsOsteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easierRickets- vitamin D deficiencyOsteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin DPagets Disease- spotty weakening in the