lectureOneIntroduction

1、Lecture OneIntroduction to InterpretingPrepared by Sophie QianPrepared by Sophie QianSchool of Foreign Languages, CHZUSchool of Foreign Languages, CHZUCf. Terms Source Language VS. Target Language Passive language VS. Active language Working languages Mother tongue Source Language源语 means the langua

2、ge in which a speech is made in the original and out of which it is to be interpreted. Target Language目标语 is the language into which it is to be put, and which the interpreter therefore speaks. Passive language被动语is a language out of which an interpreter is capable of interpreting Active language主动语

3、is one into which an interpreter is capable of interpreting Working languages工作语 are the sum of active and passive languagesP.S. SL源语 and TL目标语 refer to a specific circumstance, PL被动语 and AL主动语 refer to the general interpreting capability of an individual. Mother tongue means the best active languag

4、e. Interpreter has the ability to express themselves fluently, grammatically and precisely with accurate and extensive vocabulary, so as to reflect finer shades of meaning.General Pic.v Basic Theories何为何为“口译口译”？v Interpreting VS. Translation口译与笔译有何不同？口译与笔译有何不同？v Ways of Interpreting口译的方式口译的方式v Types

5、 of Interpreting口译的类型口译的类型v Standards of Good Interpreting口译的质量标准口译的质量标准v Interpreter Qualification Requirements译员的素质译员的素质The Development of Interpretation See ref. from P3-P5 古代古代 “译，寄，象，狄鞮，舌人，象胥，通事，通译，重译，寄，象，狄鞮，舌人，象胥，通事，通译，重舌，九译令舌，九译令” 正式职业化：一战结束后正式职业化：一战结束后1919年巴黎和会年巴黎和会“连续翻译连续翻译” 首次使用同传：首次使用同传：1

6、927年日内瓦国际劳工组织会议首次使用，年日内瓦国际劳工组织会议首次使用，二战结束后纽伦堡审判将同传列为口译工作主要模式。二战结束后纽伦堡审判将同传列为口译工作主要模式。 国际会议译员协会（国际会议译员协会（AIIC）1953年日内瓦成立年日内瓦成立Definition of InterpretationvWhat is interpretation?vWhat is the role of interpreter? (Video 1)Ref.v Interpreting: Communicative behavior, interpreter, source language, oral d

7、elivery, target language See ref. on P6v Interpreter: bridge communication gap between people of different languages; be true to the meaning of the speaker; take on correct role; use first person Interpreting VS. Translation Medium: spoken discourse口语语篇口语语篇/output (outstanding listening ability and

8、interpreting skills) VS. written discourse书面语篇书面语篇/output Working process: one-time input 一次性输入一次性输入& few or no refining少或不精炼少或不精炼 VS. several-time input几次输入几次输入 & repeated refining with resources at hand手头资源的重复精手头资源的重复精炼炼 Working environment: SL speaker &TL listener &interpreter in

9、the same scene with on-site hintsVS. SL&TL in different scenes with only assumptions Working load: interpreter process more words per unit than that of translator (e.g. 9,000-10,000wrd/h for SI VS. 2,000-3,000wrd/d for contracted translator of UN)Ways of Interpretingv Two common way of interpret

10、ing: Consecutive interpreting (CI) 连续传译连续传译/交替传译交替传译/即席传译即席传译 （“交传交传”、“连连传传” ）totality or parts, interpret with/without notes public speeches, lectures, negotiations, news briefings, conference presentation, banquet address, interviews and visitings Simultaneous interpreting (SI)同声传译同声传译/同步口译同步口译 (同

11、传同传)interpret while speaker gives speeches, finish interpreting almost simultaneously as the speaker endsreceive SL from earphones, sit in sound-proof booths, deliever TL through earphones, audience choose dedicated language channelsv Other ways of interpreting: Wispered interpreting耳语传译耳语传译(咬耳朵咬耳朵)

12、 no equipments, sit among one or a few listeners, interpret through whisperingWhen most listeners use the same language while few(no more than 2 or 3) use another language Liaison interpreting 联络口译联络口译 no rigid requirements, more easier, not that accurate interpretation, few adjustments are allowedt

13、ourguiding, activity arrangements, greetings, talks over meals, travel explanation, interpretation of main ideasTypes of Interpreting According to different service situation, commonly seen interpreting types include:Conference interpreting(会议口译) Interpret for bilingual or multilingual conference, m

14、ainly use CI or SIEscort interpreting（陪同口译） Interpret for foreign guests or delegates during travels or visits, mainly use liaison interpretingLegal,court,or judicial interpreting(法庭口译)Interpret for judicial situations, use CI or SIfamiliar with laws and legal procedures and equiped with qualificati

15、on as sworn interpreter(宣誓译员宣誓译员)Community interpreting (public service interpreting)（社区（社区口译口译/公共服务口译）公共服务口译）Interpret in immigrant communities to provide interpretation related with medical, educational, legal services, etc.Interpreter is a communication facilitator(交际助手交际助手) and a cultural mediat

16、or（文化协调者）（文化协调者）Medical interpreting(医疗口译医疗口译)serve mainly in immigrant community specially during medical treatmentsFocus group interpreting(“焦点小组焦点小组”口译口译)serve mainly for market researches, use SI or WI observe and interpret through next-door booth or sit with client and wisper interpretationSign

17、 language interpreting(手语口译手语口译)serve exclusively for deaf-mute between sign language and spoken languageStandards of Good InterpretingAccuracy(准确)deliver thoughts & emotions of speaker, intentions and effects of speeches, position of speaker, situation of addressing, cognitive level of audience

18、, accuracy of jargonsIntegrity（完整）all information interpreted with no miss outSmoothness（通顺）authentic TL, consideration for audiences cultural background, smooth delivery of TLPromptness（及时）2/3s after speech ends for CI, synchronizing with speaker for SI Interpreter Qualification Requirements Bilingual capability (esp. listening and speaking capability) Extra-linguistic knowledge (include encyclopedic knowledge and specialized knowledge) Interpreting skill (listening and comprehension ca