Shakespeare莎士比亚简介

1、NationalityNationality：the United Kingdomthe United KingdomDate of birthDate of birth：4,23,15644,23,1564Date of deathDate of death：4,23,16164,23,1616OccupationsOccupations：a playwrighta playwright，a poeta poet，an actoran actorWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616)lHe was born in Stratford-on-Avon on April

2、23,1564.l On 27 November, 1582, he married with Anne Hathaway in the Parish Register . l lIn 1592, Shakespeare reappeared in a pamphlet written by the university wit, playwright Robert Greene.l l In 1597, he bought one of the largest house in Stratford, which showed his financial affairs went well.l

3、 After retired to Stratford in 1610, he still went on writing.l He died possibly of a fever in 1616, on the same day as his birth. Shakespeare major workslThemelThree periods of his dramas developmentlHamlet (summary plot analysis status)lAll through his life, Shakespeare has written 38 plays, 154 s

4、onnets, and 2 long poems. Theme lHis plays mainly based on historical records, novels, folklore and the old operas and other existing materials.l戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有戏剧多取材于历史记载、小说、民间传说和老戏等已有的材料的材料lA reflection from the feudal society to capitalist society, the historical reality of the transition

5、.l反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实反映了封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的历史现实lPromote the emerging bourgeoisie humanitarianism thought and point of view of human nature.l宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点宣扬了新兴资产阶级的人道主义思想和人性论观点The first period(1590-1600)lIn the first period(1590-1600), he created mainly history plays and comedies.威尼斯商人 罗密欧与朱丽叶

6、第十二夜 仲夏夜之梦The second period(1601-1607)l四大悲剧：四大悲剧：哈姆雷特哈姆雷特（Hamlet） 奥赛罗奥赛罗( ( Othello) ) 李尔王李尔王 ( (King Lear) ) 麦克白麦克白（Macbeth）l著名悲剧：著名悲剧：雅典的泰门雅典的泰门（Timon of Athens）l三部喜剧：三部喜剧：特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达（Troilus and Cressida）终成眷属终成眷属（Alls Well That Ends Well）一报还一报一报还一报（Measure for measure）The third period(16

7、08-1613)lIn his last year，Shakespeare turned to writing dramatic romances or romantic tragi-comedies.lWinters Tale 冬天的故事lThe Tempest 暴风雨lThe tempest is regarded as the masterpiece of this period and is Shakespeares last will and testament of the poem.HamletlThere are thousand Hamlets in thousands of

8、 peoples eyes.Summary of the storylPrince of Denmark, Helmets father was killed by his uncle. Hemlet revenged for his father.lHe struggled with the conspiracy(阴谋） of his enemy and his own heart.lFinally, he died with his enemy.l回国奔丧回国奔丧l发现叔叔继位、母亲改嫁发现叔叔继位、母亲改嫁l遇到父亲亡魂，得知真相遇到父亲亡魂，得知真相l装疯卖傻，迷惑敌人装疯卖傻，迷惑敌

9、人l排演戏中戏，确认凶手排演戏中戏，确认凶手l误杀波洛涅斯，规劝母亲误杀波洛涅斯，规劝母亲l大难不死，逃回丹麦大难不死，逃回丹麦l奥菲利亚溺水而死，雷欧提斯复仇奥菲利亚溺水而死，雷欧提斯复仇l叔叔毒计密谋叔叔毒计密谋l哈、雷二人相约比剑哈、雷二人相约比剑l母亲误饮毒酒，哈、雷二人中毒剑母亲误饮毒酒，哈、雷二人中毒剑l哈姆雷特杀死叔叔哈姆雷特杀死叔叔l大臣以军礼安葬哈姆雷特大臣以军礼安葬哈姆雷特plotAnalysis l在人物塑造上，在人物塑造上，该作品着重通过内心矛盾该作品着重通过内心矛盾冲突的描写揭示人物的深度。冲突的描写揭示人物的深度。l在戏剧冲突的建构上，在戏剧冲突的建构上，莎翁的悲剧

10、以描写莎翁的悲剧以描写人与人之间的自然本性为核心，故不像古人与人之间的自然本性为核心，故不像古希腊悲剧那样主要表现人与外部自然力之希腊悲剧那样主要表现人与外部自然力之间的冲突，而是表现人与人以及人与自身间的冲突，而是表现人与人以及人与自身的理智、信念与情感、欲望之间的的理智、信念与情感、欲望之间的冲突。l哈姆雷特是世界文学史上一个极富艺术魅力的哈姆雷特是世界文学史上一个极富艺术魅力的典型，这种魅力的产生很大程度上依赖于形象典型，这种魅力的产生很大程度上依赖于形象心理蕴含的丰富性。哈姆雷特的内心冲突是随心理蕴含的丰富性。哈姆雷特的内心冲突是随着为父报仇的戏剧情节逐步展开并激化的，而着为父报仇的戏剧情节逐步展开并激化的，而复仇的外在冲突又逐渐让位于内心冲突，从而复仇的外在冲突又逐渐让位于内心冲突，从而揭示出犹豫徘徊的本质特征。他追逐理想却又揭示出犹豫徘徊的本质特征。他追逐理想却又对现实丑恶感到失望甚至悲观；向往人性的善对现实丑恶感到失望甚至悲观；向往人性的善但又深信人自身有恶的宿命；想重整乾坤又因但又深信人自身有恶的宿命；想重整乾坤又因人性之恶的深重而感到无力回天等等。人性之恶的深重而感到无力回天等等。statuslThe tragedy is a milestone in Shakespeares dramas development lThe playwright achie