第一节《英语国家概况》1

1、A Guide to English-A Guide to English-speaking Countriesspeaking CountriesMain TopicsMain TopicsThe necessity of learning this The necessity of learning this coursecourseHow to learn the course more How to learn the course more efficiently?efficiently?Books for Reference and Further Books for Refere

2、nce and Further StudyStudyMain TopicsMain Topics 1. The necessity of leaning this course1. The necessity of leaning this courseThe requirement of your majorThe requirement of your majorTEM-8TEM-8 2. How to learn the course more efficiently?2. How to learn the course more efficiently?Pre-reading work

3、Pre-reading workIn-class workIn-class workAfter-class workAfter-class workMass ReadingMass ReadingExerciseExercise 丁国声. 致用英语-英语国家概况M. 外语教学与研究出版社, 2008. 来安方. 英美文化与国家概况M. 复旦大学出版社, 2008. 王恩铭. 英语国家概况M. 上海外语教育出版社, 2008. 谢福之. 英语国家概况M. 外语教学与研究出版社, 2007. 3. 3. Books for ReferencesBooks for ReferencesWhen we

4、 mention the UK, When we mention the UK, What impresses you most?What impresses you most?ContentsContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIII GeographyI Geography 1. Geographical Feature1. Geographical Feature 2. Climate2. Climate 3. Major Cities3. Major CitiesGeographical locationGeographical

5、 locationThe UK is an _country.The UK is located in the _Europe.The UKMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of IrelandThe official title of the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland全称的缩略：The Uni

6、ted Kingdom or The UK简称：Britain 代称：EnglandThe UK is made up of: Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) Northern Ireland Numerous smaller islandsTitle and Parts of the UKTitle and Parts of the UKLocation and territoryLocation of the UK: The mainland areas lie between

7、latitudes 49N and 61N andlongitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersNo one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.英英格格兰兰苏苏格格兰兰北爱尔兰北爱尔兰威尔士威尔士爱爱尔尔兰兰岛岛东东北北部部Rivers and Lakes The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers long) The second longest river: Thames (332 k

8、ilometers long) The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThamesLake DistrictSamuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth Robert SoutheyLake PoetsLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of

9、golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Lake poetsThe wav

10、es beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the b

11、liss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2. ClimateMain characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: Winter fog Rainy days Instability/changeability 3. Major Cities LondonThe River Thamesv the capital

12、 of England and of Great Britainv the political center of the Commonwealthv a major portv one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers. Landmarks & Symbols of London The palace of WestminsterLandmarks & Symbols of LondonWestminster AbbeyBig BenLandmarks & Symbols of LondonSt. Pauls Cathed

13、ral Landmarks & Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of LondonLandmarks & Symbols of LondonTower Bridge Buckingham PalaceLandmarks & Symbols of LondonLondon EyeMajor CitiesEdinburgh Major CitiesEdinburgh Capital of Scotland administrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotland beauti

14、ful scenery renowned architectureLandmarks & Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of HolyroodMajor CitiesCardiff Europes youngest capital city has been the capital city of Wales for around 50 years home to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration has recently become one of the

15、most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks & Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiff Castle Major CitiesBelfast City Hallv the second largest city v capital of Northern Irelandv an important historic cityLandmarks & Symbols of BelfastLa

16、ndmarks & Symbols of BelfastBelfast Castle II People Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution: England: about 50 million Scotland:over 5 million Wales: around 3 million Northern Ireland: about 1.7millionEthnicity The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons Most people

17、 in Wales and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people The Irish people were also Celtic in origin immigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalWhite British 85.7%White Irish 1.2%White (other) 5.3%Mixed race 1.2%Indian 1.8%Pakistani 1.3%Bengali 0.5%Other Asian (non-Chinese

18、) 0.4%Black Caribbean 1.0%Black African 0.8% Black (others) 0.2%Chinese 0.4%Other 0.4%III The English Language 1. Old English 2. Middle English 3. Modern English 4. Standard English1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced byOld NorseLatin and Greek words Danish wordsBeowulfThe mos

19、t famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum 2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the official language, and Engl

20、ish became the Language of lower class pig pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed ev

21、ery veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3. Modern English (15th )The printing pressbrought standardization of EnglishSamuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingRenaissanceassimilated foreign words throughout the Renaissance The Industria

22、l Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasThe rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe