doing做定语和宾语补足语和表语汇总

1、Grammardirect direct adj.直接的；坦率的直接的；坦率的adv.直接地直接地vt.对准；指导对准；指导 direction n.方向方向pl.说明书；指引；指导说明书；指引；指导 director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演指导者，主管；董事；导演 Can you direct me (to the station)? 你告诉我（到车站）怎麽走好吗你告诉我（到车站）怎麽走好吗? She has a direct way of speaking. 她说话直爽她说话直爽 重点用法重点用法 direct 短语：短语： direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处

2、指引某人到某处 direct sb. to do sth. 指示指示/命令某人做某事命令某人做某事 direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done 指示指示/命令某人命令某人/事做事做/被做被做 练习练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). He was directed _ (介词介词) a table beside the window. 2). The judge directed that the mother _ (give) custody of the children. 3). There wa

3、s a police officer _ (direct) the traffic. Keys: 1). to 2). be given 3). directing18.star in star in 在在主演；担任主角主演；担任主角 She is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片。她将主演一部新影片。 重点用法重点用法 star短语：短语： star sb (in sth.) 使某人担任主角；由某人主演使某人担任主角；由某人主演 1). Ben Kingsley _ _ the film “Gandhi”. 2). The director wanted to

4、 star Michael Caine _ (介词介词) his new film. Keys: 1). starred in 2). in The -ing form主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式完成式完成式doingbeing donehaving done having been done-ing 可以在句中可以在句中作主、宾、表、定、状、宾补作主、宾、表、定、状、宾补。注意：完成式不能用来作定语。注意：完成式不能用来作定语。Revision-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into C

5、hinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。（谚）空谈无济于事。 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。6. He admitted taking the

6、 money. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 7. I couldnt help laughing. 我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。8. Your coat needs brushing. 你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。-ing 形式作定语形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法宾语补足语和表语的用法一、一、-ing形式作定语形式作定语 1. 单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：态。如： bu

7、ilding materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台写字台 tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result tha

8、t is surprising 一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果 2. -ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰放在所修饰的名词之后的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there

9、 is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who swims in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother,

10、 working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微

11、风中轻轻摇曳。那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。现在分词的逻辑主语现在分词的逻辑主语现在分词的逻辑主语就是分词所修饰现在分词的逻辑主语就是分词所修饰的那个词。的那个词。现在分词的意义现在分词的意义1) 现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。如：的动作。如：The professor giving a speech aboutpollution now is from Harvard University. 正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。正在做关于污染报告的教授来自哈佛大学。 Students wishing to go hiking

12、 should sign their names here. =Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here. 要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。要去徒步旅游的学生在这里签句。=The professor who is giving a speech aboutpollution now is from Harvard University.2)现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态(being+过去分词过去分词)表示一表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。如：个被动的、正在进行的动作。如：The freeway being bui

13、lt now will lead to Xingang Seaport. 正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。正在建设的高速公路将直通新港码头。= The freeway which is being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport. 3)现在分词的完成式现在分词的完成式“having+过去分词过去分词”不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代不能作定语，此时可以用一个定语从句代替。如：替。如：你了解昨天发生的事故吗你了解昨天发生的事故吗?误：误：Do you know anything about the accident having happene

14、d yesterday?正：正：Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday?赢得冠军的中国女子排球队于昨晚到达赢得冠军的中国女子排球队于昨晚到达首都机场。首都机场。误：误：The Chinese Women Volleyball Team having won the championship arrived at the Capital Airport last night.正：正：The Chinese Women Volleyball Team that had won the championship

15、arrived at the Capital Airport last night.1. The _ boy was last seen_near the East 1. The _ boy was last seen_near the East Lake.(2000Shanghai)Lake.(2000Shanghai) A. missing, playing B. missing, play A. missing, playing B. missing, play C. missing, played D. missed, to play C. missing, played D. mis

16、sed, to play2. Do you know the boy_ under the big tree.2. Do you know the boy_ under the big tree. A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying3. Seeing the sun_ above the surface of the sea, 3. Seeing the sun_ above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.we let out

17、 a shout of joy. A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D. raising A. to rise B. to raise C. rising D. raising4. _ the last bus means walking home.4. _ the last bus means walking home. A. Miss B. missed C. Missing D. If missing A. Miss B. missed C. Missing D. If missingADCC单个单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名的过去分词作定语时，

18、位于它所修饰的名词或代词词或代词前面前面过去分词作定语过去分词作定语the affected people 受到感染的人受到感染的人 b. b. 过去分词短语作定语通常后置，相当于一个定过去分词短语作定语通常后置，相当于一个定语从句的缩略形式。语从句的缩略形式。People exposed to cholerabooks written by Mark Twain the machines produced last yearpeople concerned about the future of the earth = people who/that were exposed to chol

19、era= books which/that were written by Jack= the machines which/that were produced last year= people who are concerned about the future of the earth 过去分词作定语时，分词动作在谓语所表示的动作过去分词作定语时，分词动作在谓语所表示的动作之之前前发生，或者没有一定的时间性。发生，或者没有一定的时间性。 1. .语态语态现在分词现在分词: : 表示主动的动作表示主动的动作过去分词过去分词: : 表示已经被动的动作表示已经被动的动作I heard som

20、eone opening the door.I heard the door being opened.I heard the door opened.4)过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别：2. .时间上时间上现在分词现在分词: : 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作过去分词过去分词: :表示完成的被动的动作表示完成的被动的动作 the falling leaves正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶the fallen leaves落叶落叶 amazed disappointing organisedconfusedexcitedII. 分词做表语（分词做表语（pred

21、icative）1 分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于形容词分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于形容词., 过去分词描述主语的状态或特点过去分词描述主语的状态或特点All the windows are broken.When she got home, she found the necklace is gone.This article is well written.My boss seemed satisfied with my work.The news he told us is inspiring. The story we read is amusing/interesting/

22、boring. 2 过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词与现在分词做表语的区别ing作表语与-ed作表语有何区别？The story is very interesting He is interested in the book.What a surprising result !I am surprised at what he said过去分词过去分词-ed现在分词现在分词 -ing“某人感到某人感到的的”多形容多形容人人,“令人令人的的”,多形容多形容物物,interestedexcitiedsatisfiedpuzzledpleasedterrifiedtiredastonishe

23、ddisappointedinterestingexcitingsatisfingpuzzlingpleasingterrifingtiringastonishingdisappointing 注意 过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点或所处的状态，而后者强调动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.过去分词过去分词 done现在分词现在分词 doing1.语态语态表示已经被动的动作表示已经被动的动作 表示主动的动作表示主动的动作2.时间时间表示完成的意思表示

24、完成的意思表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作1.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别Sum up 过去分词过去分词-ed现在分词现在分词 ing“某人感到某人感到的的”多形容多形容人人,“令人令人的的”,多形容多形容事物事物,2.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别二、二、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态强调一个过程或一种状态。如：。如： When we retur

25、ned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站发现一个陌生人站在大门口。在大门口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜

26、地工作。 2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everyb

27、ody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：I wont have you doing that. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。

28、你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 3. see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词之后用等感官动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验）正在做实验） 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或

29、强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，式短语表示一次动作， 而而-ing形式则表示反复形式则表示反复动作。如：动作。如： We heard the door slam(砰的关上砰的关上). We heard the door slamming. ( (

30、反复动作反复动作) )( (一次动作一次动作) ) 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for most of the night? 3. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very _. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he met me at the airport. barkingamusingdoingwelcoming 6. Jim has really learnt very fas

31、t. She has made _ progress. 7. Its been raining all day. This weather is _. 8. When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street. astonishingdepressingplaying 从从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Dont leave the water _ while you

32、 brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. A phone call sent him _ to the hospital.

33、A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. n

34、eeds repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 9. When we got

35、 back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 10. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. inter

36、ested; tired 11. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave12. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 13. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to

37、 be read D. reading过去分词作宾补，这些过去分词一般来过去分词作宾补，这些过去分词一般来自及物动词，表被动或完成的意义，有自及物动词，表被动或完成的意义，有时两者兼而有之。时两者兼而有之。过去分词宾补：1 . 放在感官动词放在感官动词 see, watch，notice,observe,feel,hear等动词之后等动词之后做宾语补足语。做宾语补足语。I was sleeping when I heard my name called. He was disappointed to hear hissuggestions turned down.过去分词与不定式过去分词与不定

38、式,现在分词作感官动现在分词作感官动词宾补的区别词宾补的区别: 过去分词表被动关系过去分词表被动关系 不定式强调动作发生的全过程不定式强调动作发生的全过程 现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。正在进行。 I saw her come into the classroom. I saw her coming into the classroom. I saw her taken out of the classroom.2. 放在放在get ,have ,make, keep,leave等使役动词后表：等使役动词后表：“使某人或某事使某人或某事被做被做”We

39、 should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentists.3. 放在放在like, order, want, wish等表示等表示命令，意愿的动词后做宾补，相当命令，意愿的动词后做宾补，相当于过去分词短语前省略了于过去分词短语前省略了to be，表表示示“希望希望/要求某人或某事被做要求某人或某事被做”I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.He didnt want such q

40、uestion discussed at the meeting.5.过去分词用在过去分词用在with +n./pron.+p.p结构中，结构中，表示宾语与宾补之间是表示宾语与宾补之间是被动关系。现在分词被动关系。现在分词用在此结构中，用在此结构中，表示宾语与宾补之间是表示宾语与宾补之间是主动主动关系，关系，With the work finished,they went to the seaside for a holiday.She usually works in her study with her mother helping her . with +n./pron.+p.p结构中，不定式，现在分词结构中，不定式，现在分词和过去分词做宾补的区别：和过去分词做宾补的区别： 不定式表示动作未发生不定式表示动作未发生(to do ) 现在分词表示宾语与宾补之间是主动关系现在分词表示宾语与宾补之间是主动关系(doing ) 过去分词表被动过去分词表被动(done ) e.g:With the work finished,they went to the seaside for a holiday. With so much work to do, he only stayed in the office