现在完成时 (2)

1、现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just, ever, yet, never, before等副词连用 主语+have/has+done (动词过去分词)+其他 主语+havent/hasnt+done (动词过去分词)+其他 Have/Has+主语+done (动词过去分词)+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答:No,主语+havent/hasnt. 构成:助动词have/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他 just, already, never, ever, yet. before1.I have _ been

2、to water park once.2.He hasnt been to amusement park _.3. My mother has been to Beijing_.4. He has _ been to Hangzhou. So he knows nothing about it.5. Have you _ been to Japan?现在完成时(1) 谈论是否到过某处谈论是否到过某处 have been to 到过某处到过某处 肯定形式：主肯定形式：主+have（has）been to+地点地点. 否定形式：主否定形式：主+havent（hasnt）been to+地点地点.

3、疑问形式：疑问形式：Have (Has) +主主+been to +地点？地点？ have/has 称为称为“助动词助动词”，been为为be的过去分词。的过去分词。 have been 构成完成时态。构成完成时态。e.g. I have been to Shanghai. I havent been to Shanghai.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Where have you been?1.I have been to Hangzhou. (否定句) I _ been to Hangzhou. (一般疑

4、问句) _ you _ _ Hangzhou? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _. (提问)_ have you _?2. I have already been to Hangzhou. (否定句)I _ been to Hangzhou_. I have _ been to Hangzhou.(一般疑问句) _ you _ been to Hangzhou? _ you _been to Hangzhou _? Yes, _ _ . No, _ _. (提问) _ have you _? 2. He has already been to the space museum.(否定句否定

5、句) He _ been to the space museum _. = He _ _ been to the space museum.(一般疑问句一般疑问句) _he _ been to the space museum?_he been to the space museum _? Yes, _ _. No, _ _. (提问) _ has he already _? have been to , have gone to , have been in 1.Where is Jim? He _ Shanghai.2. My father _ Shanghai for a week.3.

6、 Where _ you _? I _ the USA.4. His mother _ Tianjin. She will come back soon.5. How long _ the Greens _ China? For two weeks.1.I have been to Shanghai. _ _ she.2. He was at home. _ _ we.3. We go to school early. _ _ he.4.She finished her homework. _ _ I.5.We can speak English. _ _ the boy.6. He isnt

7、 twelve. _ _ I.7. I wasnt late for school yesterday. _ _ he.8. He doesnt go to school. _ _ my brother.9. We didnt go to Japan. _ _ my uncle.10. He has never been to the zoo. _ _ I.11. He hardly knows French. _ _ we.12. She had nothing to say. _ _ her aunts. 过去分词的构成 1,规则动词规则动词: (1)动词词尾直接加动词词尾直接加-ed,l

8、ook-looked (2)动词词尾不发音的动词词尾不发音的e为时为时,只需加只需加-d,move-moved (3)动词词尾为辅音字母加动词词尾为辅音字母加y时时,将将y改改i为为,再加再加-ed, carry-carried (4)动词词尾是只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音动词词尾是只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音 节时节时,将最后的将最后的辅音字母双写后再加辅音字母双写后再加-ed, stop-stopped 2,不规则动词不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并归纳为五种类型。以

9、便准确记忆。1、型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cutlet-let-let put-put-puthurt hurt -hurtread-read-read2、型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring-brought-brought catch-caught-caughtbuy- bought-bought teach-taught-taughtthink-thoughtthought2、型（过去式与过去分词同形）：feel-felt-felt find-found-foundget-got-got have-had-had hear-heard

10、-heard hold-held-heldkeep-kept-kept learn-learnt-learntleave-left-left lend-lent-lentmake-made-made meet-met-metpay-paid-paid say-said-saidsell-sold-sold send-sent-sentsit-sat-sat sleep-slept-sleptspend-spent-spent stand-stood-stoodtell-told-told understand-understood - understood3、型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：

11、bewas/were-been begin-began-begundo-did-done draw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driveneat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-given go-went-gonegrow-grew-grown know-knew-knownlie-lay-lain ride-rode-riddenring-rang-rung see-saw-seenshow-showed-shown sin

12、g-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spoken swim-swam-swumtake-took-taken wake-woke-wokenwear-wore-worn write-wrote-written4、型（原形与过去分词同形）： become-became-become come-camecome run -ran -run5、型（原形与过去式同形）： beat-beat-beaten现在完成时(2)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, just, ever, yet, never等副词连用 主语+have/has+done (动词过去分词)+其他

13、 主语+havent/has+done (动词过去分词)+其他 Have/Has+主语+done (动词过去分词)+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has. 否定回答:No,主语+havent/hasnt. 构成:助动词have/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成 的影响或结果的影响或结果. 1) Our teacher has already left. Our teacher isnt here now. 2) He has just had his lunch. (He is full now

14、, he isnt hungry.) 3) Tina has become a doctor. (Tina knows much about medicine.) 4) I have already got many gifts. (Now I have many gifts at home.) 1.Mary isnt here, She _ _ (go)to the library.2. I dont want to have a cup of tea, I am not thirsty. I _ just_(drink) some water.3. I _ (take) some medi

15、cine. So I am feeling better now.II. 肯定式、否定式和疑问式肯定式、否定式和疑问式 1. I have already received some special gifts. I have not received any special gift yet. I have never received any special gift. Have you ever received any special gift? Have you received any special gift yet? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 2

16、. He has already played golf. He has not played golf yet. He has never played golf. Has he ever played golf? Has he played golf yet? Yes, he has. / No, he hasnt. 1.Mary isnt here, She _ _ (go)to the library.2. I dont want to have a cup of tea, I am not thirsty. I _ just_(drink) some water.3. I _ (ta

17、ke) some medicine. So I am feeling better now.1.I am full. I _(eat) breakfast.2. I am not thirsty. I _(drink) water.3.She _ (visit) the Great Wall once.4._you ever _(argue) with your father?5. I _ never _(travel) to another province of China?6. I _(not help) anyone I didnt know yet.7. She _already_(

18、do) my homework.8. We _just_(see) the film Harry Potter. 表示过去发生，目前还有可能仍在表示过去发生，目前还有可能仍在继续下去的动作或事情。常与继续下去的动作或事情。常与since或或for连用。连用。 He has lived there since 1950. We have known each other for ten years.现在完成时现在完成时(3)2.某个动作从过去已经开始某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到还有可能持续到将来将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示动作的持续性要通过一段时

19、间来表示.一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away since l

20、ast week.对划线部分提问都用对划线部分提问都用How long1.I have been teaching for 17 years.= I have taught for 17 years.=I have taught since 17 years ago.=I have taught since 1994.= I have taught since I was 22 years old. 1.I _(learn) English for five years.2. He _(live)in Jinyun since he was ten. 3. He _(play) the gol

21、f since 20 years ago. 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的现在的情况情况。 2）一般过去时常与过去的时间状语连用，）一般过去时常与过去的时间状语连用， 一般过一般过去时的时间状语有：去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just no

22、w,等具体的时间状语。等具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语有现在完成时的时间状语有 ever, never, just, already, yet, before, for, since, once, twice等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。 1. I saw Mary yesterday. I havent seen Mary for a long time.I know nothing about him. 2. She lost her handbag yesterday . She has lost her handbag, so he doesnt have money

23、 now. 现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。 I have taught this class for three months . （还在教）（还在教） I taught that class for three months. （曾教过三个月，现在不教了）（曾教过三个月，现在不教了）He has lived here since 1992.He lived here in 1992.1

24、.I _(finish) my homework, Now I have time to go shopping with you. I _(finish) my homework last night.2. He _(collect) stamps for two years. He have 20 stamps. He _(collect) stamps two years ago. But now he doesnt collect them.3. Your father _ (finish) his work an hour ago.4. Last year I _(learn) ma

25、ny English words.5. They _(not read) the interesting books yet.6. He _never _(go) to the science museum.本课出现的主要动词的过去式和过去分词本课出现的主要动词的过去式和过去分词ring rang rungget got gottengo went goneleave left leftstart started startedbe was/were beentake took takenrun ran runwake woke wokenfor and since延续性动词1. I have

26、 taught for 20 years. =I have taught since 20 years ago. =I have taught since 1994. = I have taught since I was 22 years old. He has learned English _ five years.He has learned English _ five years ago.He has learned English _ 2009.He has learned English _ he was ten years old.forsincesincesince完成时用

27、法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：去时。如： I bought the book two years ago. He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book? borrow-keep die-be deadleave-be awaystart-be onopen-be openarrive-be herejoin

28、the party-be a party member11.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了. We bought the book three years ago. We have had the book for three years.3.他在这所学校上学已两年了。他在这所学校上学已两年了。He went to the school two years ago. He has been a student in this school for two years. How long has he been a student in this school?2.自从上星期以来自从上星期

29、以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I borrowed the book last week. I have kept the book since last week.4.他入党已三年了。他入党已三年了。He joined the Party three years ago.He has been a party member for three years. How long has he been a party member?.5. 电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了. The film started an hour ago. The film has been on for

30、an hour. 6. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。 Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.7. 他在半小时前已离开。他在半小时前已离开。He left half an hour ago.He has been away for half an hour.for and since延续性动词1. I have taught for 20 years. =I have taught since 20 years ago. =I have taught since 1994. = I h

31、ave taught since I was 22 years old. He has learned English _ five years.He has learned English _ five years ago.He has learned English _ 2009.He has learned English _ he was ten years old.forsincesincesince完成时用法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词

32、，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：去时。如： I bought the book two years ago. He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book? borrow-keep die-be deadleave-be awaystart-be onopen-be openarrive-be herejoin the party-be a party member11.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了. We bought the book three years ago. We

33、have had the book for three years.3.他在这所学校上学已两年了。他在这所学校上学已两年了。He went to the school two years ago. He has been a student in this school for two years. How long has he been a student in this school?2.自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I borrowed the book last week. I have kept the book since last week.4.

34、他入党已三年了。他入党已三年了。He joined the Party three years ago.He has been a party member for three years. How long has he been a party member?.5. 电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了. The film started an hour ago. The film has been on for an hour. 6. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。 Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died thr

35、ee years ago.7. 他在半小时前已离开。他在半小时前已离开。He left half an hour ago.He has been away for half an hour.1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe完成时用法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一

36、般过去时。如：去时。如： I bought the book two years ago. He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book? 2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago. 一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态