第十一章 反译法

1、第十一章第十一章反译法反译法Translate the following sentencesIt was all I could do not to laugh.The problem is much alive.We must be content with moderate hopes.National university, the pride of the prewar educational systems, were closed to women.We cannot wait to see you.Nowadays, few academic lectures of tradi

2、tional style rise above dullness.Translations 我差点笑出来了。这个问题远远没有解决。我们不能抱有过高的希望。国立大学，在战前是教育制度上的骄傲，当时是不收女生的。我们要马上见你。当今，多数传统模式的学术讲座都十分乏味。 反译法反译法反译就是指原文字面上没有反译就是指原文字面上没有否定词否定词而译文有，或者原而译文有，或者原文字面上有否定词而译文没有。文字面上有否定词而译文没有。狭义反译就是译文反面来表达原文。广义 Rationale (理据理据)能直译就直译能直译就直译，即以肯定译即以肯定译肯定或以否定肯定或以否定译否定译否定但是有时候，但是有时候

3、，直译未必通顺直译未必通顺、符合汉语表、符合汉语表达达甚至有时候直甚至有时候直译未必可行译未必可行1.从正面下笔无法译出的词语从正面下笔无法译出的词语 由于两种语言用词上的差异，英语中有些词语，由于两种语言用词上的差异，英语中有些词语，或或以肯定词形表达否定或排除以肯定词形表达否定或排除含义，或加含义，或加“de-”de-”，“dis-”dis-”等等否定词头或词尾表达肯定否定词头或词尾表达肯定含义或与含义或与“not”not”连用却表达肯定含义连用却表达肯定含义等词语，等词语，翻译时往往找不到完全对等的汉语词，这种情翻译时往往找不到完全对等的汉语词，这种情况下可以考虑采用反译法处理。况下可以

4、考虑采用反译法处理。Examples After the ship unloads at Tilburg Dock, the goods will go to the container freight station. 船在蒂尔堡码头卸货后,货物将送入集装箱货运站。A single market will result in many sweeping changes to the European economy, not least the creation of larger companies. 单一市场将导致欧洲经济产生许多决定性(有影响力）的变化，尤其是导致更大公司的建立。Exa

5、mples In your eagerness to secure profits, you have failed to give due consideration to the sellers standpoints. 也许贵公司由于求利心切而未能适当考虑卖方的立场。For whatever reason, many mainstream media institutions have decided to take a pass on this story. 出于各种原因，许多主流传媒机构都决定对此事不予报道。Examples In the absence of a settlemen

6、t through negotiation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration. 如果通过谈判找不到解决办法，争执之事可提交仲裁。Many skills now used in industry require mental rather than physical ability. 在工业领域的许多技术需要脑力劳动，而不是体力劳动。Examples There could hardly be a better example of the power that lies in word. 这个例子最能说明语言的力量十

7、分强大。It was not until years later that we heard of his dismissal from that company. 直到数年之后，我们才听说他被那家公司解雇了。2. 从正面下笔难以译得确切、通顺的词语从正面下笔难以译得确切、通顺的词语 英语中还有些词语虽然可以从正面来译，但译出来却很勉强，难以达到确切、通顺、简洁的效果，这种情况也可以考虑采用反译法处理。Examples APEC will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open rather than

8、closed in its approach. 亚太经济合作组织必须是没有歧视的，并且态度上是开放的而非封闭的。 亚太经济合作组织必须一视同仁，并且态度上是开放的而非封闭的。Examples But even though Japan now has a larger surplus with the Asia than with either the US or Europe, Asia is likely to receive less attention. 不过，即使日本对亚洲地区的贸易顺差比美国或不过，即使日本对亚洲地区的贸易顺差比美国或欧洲大，但该地区还是会受到欧洲大，但该地区还是会

9、受到相对少的注意相对少的注意。 不过，即使日本对亚洲地区的贸易顺差比美国或不过，即使日本对亚洲地区的贸易顺差比美国或欧洲大，但该地区仍可能是欧洲大，但该地区仍可能是不大引人注意的不大引人注意的地区。地区。Examples The manager doubted the necessity of a negotiation to be held at this time. 总经理怀疑此时举行谈判的必要性。 总经理认为此时举行谈判并无必要。Examples He is always lethargic after little sleep. 一少睡，他就就无精打采。 他一睡眠不足，就无精打采。we

10、 dont think it is necessary to use an agent in that country. 我们不认为在那个国家使用代理商是必要的。 我们认为在那个国家使用代理商是没有必要的。Attention 在英汉翻译过程中，我们还会常常遇到这样一些情况，即原词所表达的并不是其字面意义，而是其字面意义的反义，或者说是对其字面意义的否定，可这种否定又往往不出现否定词或者暗含否定的词。Riot police 防暴警察Crisis law 反危机法案Inflation is the target of banks new policy 银行新政策的目标是制止通货膨胀。Attenti

11、on 有时候，反译会在语气上产生一定的差别，要慎重考虑。 The price is not unacceptable. 此价格并非不可以接受。 / 此价可以接受。 It will not be impossible for us to sell another cargo of Crude Oil to you in the second half of this year. 我们在今年下半年再供贵方一船原油并不是不可能的事。/ 我们在今年下半年有可能再供贵方一船原油。Exercise A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local c

12、ustoms can create problems.We very much regret that the current general slackness of the market has prevented us from placing new orders with you.The company bases its prices largely on competitors prices, with less attention paid to cost or demand considerations.It is not uncommon to find that a fi

13、rm literally has lost its entire operating profit for the year in the exchange losses.No summit of the EC leaders could take place without the divisive issue being at or near the top of agenda.The crops failed because the season had been dry.The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Trans