春季初三基础班第一讲

1、扑腾英语春季基础班 九年级第一讲重点词汇与短语1. play 玩常考点：(1) play + 球类, 棋类名词 e.g. play soccer/ play chessplay + the + 乐器 e.g. play the guitar (2) play with sb./ sth. 和某人一起玩/ 玩某物 e.g. Can you play with us? 你能和我们一起玩吗？ (3) play 还可以用作名词，意思是“剧本，戏剧” e.g. She wrote many good plays. 她写了很多好剧本。2. Lets 的用法常考点：(1) Let sb. do sth. 让

2、某人做某事。/ Let sb. not do sth. 让某人不要做某事。 (2) Lets 和 Let us 虽然都是“让我们”的意思，但是Lets包括听话者，而let us不包括听话者。以lets开头的祈使句，附加问句应该用shall we, 而以let us开头的祈使句，附加问句应用will you. e.g. Lets go to the Bell Tower, shall we? 咱们去钟楼吧，好吗？（包括听话者） Let us go to play football, will you? 我们去踢足球吧，行吗？(不包括听话者)思考：表示建议的句型及其回答有哪些呢？3. lots o

3、f; a lot of与 a lot的辨析常考点：(1) lots of = a lot of 意思为“许多，大量”。修饰可数名词时，相当于many；修饰不可数名词时相当于much。 (2) a lot 为程度副词，相当于very much，可用来修饰动词。 e.g. We like Miss Liu a lot/ very much. 我们都很喜欢刘老师。思考：可以修饰可数名词表示“许多，大量”的短语和词汇有哪些呢？可以修饰不可数名词的呢？4. need的用法常考点：(1) need做实义动词。 need sth./ to do sth. 需要某物/ 需要做某事。 e.g. (1) I ne

4、ed a lot of time now. (2) She needs to go to hospital. (2) need也可以作情态动词，后跟动词原形，多用于疑问句和否定句中。以must开头的疑问句，否定回答一般用neednt. e.g. (1) You neednt come. (2) -Must I sweep the floor? - No, you neednt. (3) need作名词，意为“需要，必需品”。 e.g. Sometimes we dont know what our childrens need is.5. afford 意为“买得起，支付得起，花得起（时间、金

5、钱、精力等）”常考点：常和情态动词can或be able to连用。afford sth./ to do sth. 负担得起某物/负担得起做某事。 e.g. He cant afford (to buy) a car. 他买不起一辆车。6. price 的用法常考点：修饰价格price只有high, low（高低）之别。不能用cheap, expensive或dear来修饰。price的短语，at a price，意为“以的价格” e.g. He bought this coat at a low price. 他低价购得了这件外套。 I think the price is a little

6、 high. 我觉得这个价高了点。7. too, also, either 与 as well 辨析常考点：too通常位于肯定句句末，且用逗号与句子隔开。e.g. I have been to New York, too. also用在肯定句中，常位于be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。 e.g. Lily is also a student. either 通常位于肯定句句末，且用逗号与句子隔开。e.g. Lily doesnt go to the party, either. as well 用在肯定句中或句尾，比too正式。e.g. Toni speaks Japanese a

7、s well.8. listen, hear和sound辨析常考点：listen意为“听”，为不及物动词，侧重听的动作，若跟宾语要用listen to. hear 意为“听见，听到”，侧重于听的结果。 sound意为“听起来”，为系动词，后可跟形容词作表语。思考：你还知道哪些系动词呢？9. help的用法常考点：(1) help sb. with sth. 在方面帮助某人 (2) help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (3) help oneself to 随便吃、喝 (4) with the help of sb. = (with ones help)在的帮助下 (5)

8、 ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助10. good的短语常考点：(1) be good with 与相处得好(2) be good at 擅长(3) be good for 对有益11. tell 告诉常考点：(1) tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事。其否定结构为tell sb. not to sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 e.g. Tell Lily to wait for me at the bus station./ My brother told me not to play in the street.(2) tell 还常用于 tell sb.

9、 sth. “告诉某人某事”和tell sb. about sth. “向某人讲述某事”e.g. Tell me your telephone number, please./ Please tell me about you school life.近义词拓展：tell, say, speak与talktell作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉”，后面常跟双宾语。say一般用作及物动词，侧重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。speak强调说的动作，不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时，常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时，常见的搭配形式有：speak of sth./sb. 谈到某事/某人；

10、speak to sb.跟某人说话。此外speak还可用于比较正式的场合，如：演讲或演说。talk一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈，谈话”，侧重两者之间的相互说话。12. get to 表示到达常考点：辨析get to, reach与arrive(1) get to 表示“到达”，后接表示地点的名词。如果后接表示地点的副词（there, here, home），则介词to省略。(2) reach表示“到达”，是及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语。(3) arrive是不及物动词，表示“到达某地”时需加介词in或at，即：arrive in+大地方，arrive at + 小地方。arrive后接表示地点

11、的副词时，则不用介词。13. strict 表示“严肃的”常考点：be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格。 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格。14. a little, little, a few与few辨析a little少许；一点儿表肯定修饰不可数名词little几乎没有表否定修饰不可数名词a few一些表肯定修饰可数名词复数few几乎没有表否定修饰可数名词复数15. enjoy意为“享受；喜欢；欣赏”，为及物动词，相当于likevery much 或be interested in常考点：(1). enjoy sth. 意为“喜欢某物”，后面接名词或代词作

12、宾语。(2) enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”，后面接动名词作宾语。 (3) enjoy oneself 意为“玩得高兴”，后面接反身代词作宾语，相当于have a good time/ have fun.Grammar of This UnitKey Point: 名词、冠词、形容词和副词 一、名词名词的分类:名词的定义：表示人、事物、抽象概念分两类：第一种划分：专有名词与普通名词 第二种划分：可数名词(C)与不可数名词(U)区分可数不可数名词非常重要，可数名词与不可数名词不是一成不变的总结:glass(玻璃) , a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸), a pap

13、er(论文) wood(木头) a wood等名词的数： 名词如何以单数变为复数形式不规则变化第一种：tooth-teeth; foot-feet; goose-geese; ox-oxen; man-men; woman-women; child-children; mouse-mice第二类：复数形式与单数形式是一样的 sheep-sheep; Chinese-Chinese; Japanese-Japanese; deer-deer; fish-fish; shark-shark;名词的格主宾格， 也叫所有格；只有所有格才有形式上的变化两种形式： (1)名词+'s ；构成有生命的

14、名词的属格 (2) of (介词) + 名词；构成表示没有生命名词的属格二、冠词不定冠词 a, an；定冠词 the不定冠词 a, ana 用在以辅音发音开头的可数名词前面；an用在元音发音的词前面。不定冠词a，来源于数字one；与可数名词单数连接a, an, the的用法：1. 不定冠词a, an, 用在单数的可数名词之前，表示某一个2. 用在单数名词之前，翻译成任何、每一，用来表示泛指3. 文章中第一次出现，我们用a, an；第二次提到则用the4. 固定搭配中 5. 一定不能用a, an 的情况定冠词 the的用法1. 定冠词与名词连用，表示特指Many people come here

15、 to visit the old school2. 定冠词出现在文章中第二次出现的名词之前I got a letter yesterday. The letter was sent by e-mail. 3. 表示世界上，宇宙中独一无二的事物The sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the universe, the world4. 定冠词用在序数词之前，表示顺序I live on the third floor. 5. 用在形容词最高级之前； e.g. Im the best student in our class.6. 乐器的前面一般也要加the.

16、e.g. Play the piano, play the violin, play the guitar7. 用在某些名词或形容词之前表示某一类，一个民族，一个阶层The Chinese, the rich, the poor, the old, the young, the dead, the living, the deaf注意：后面的动词要用复数形式。如the old arent always happy.8. 固定搭配： in the middle of, tell the truth, in the air（在空中）,in the distance, in the end, on

17、the right, on the left, by the way, in the dark, in the future零冠词(1) 不用在所有格词与物主形容词之后 e.g. it is my bag(2) 不用在复数名词之前 e.g. I like apples.(3) 固定用法 e.g. go home, go to school, go to bed(4) 交通工具前面不加冠词 e.g. by car, by ship, by plane, on foot(5) 表学科之前 e.g. I am learning French now./ English, Chinese, mathe

18、matics, art, music, history(6) 月份，季节，节日， 星期National Day, Teachers Day, Merry Christmas, happy New Year, on Monday, in January, in February, in spring, in winter(7) 头衔之前He is monitor of our class. / He is manager of our company. / Bush is president of the US.(8) 固定词组中例： at home, by mistake, learn sth

19、 by heart, at first, day and night, at last, in hospital, in person(亲自), make fun of, make room for（为腾地方）, make sense（有道理）, make friends with三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级一.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下(1) 符合规则的：情 况加 法例 词一般情况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-dr

20、ier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious (2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原 级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest二形容词和副词比较级的用

21、法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原  级同等程度肯定形式as+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as (不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.  比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than

22、 beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.

23、Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略中考错题本 above 【误】 The temperature is five degrees over zero.【正】 The temperature is five degrees above zero.【析】 表达"在上方"时，above与over是可以互换的，如：The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over，如：The sun has risen above the hor

24、izon.afraid 【误】 I dont't afraid of him.【正】 I am not afraid of him.【析】 要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与be动词连用。against 【误】 He against me.【正】 He is against me.【析】 要注意against意为"反对"，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如：He is against somebody/something.against for against意为"

25、反对"、"不赞成"；而for则意为"同意"，为其反意词。如：Are you for or against the plan?alone 【误】 The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely.【正】 The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely.【析】 alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同：lone可以作定语，而alone则只能作表语，lonely则多指感情

26、上与感觉上的孤独。also 【误】 I didn't find the dictionary also.【正】 I didn't find the dictionary either.【析】 作为"也"讲，在否定句中要用either而不能用also.also; too also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也"，但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too.another 【误】 I have two si

27、sters, one in America and another in English.【正】 I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.【析】 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法the other意为the second of the two，指两者中的另一个，系特指，常与one连用。 e.g. There are two kinds music in the world one is written down and the othe

28、r is not. 世界上有两种音乐，一种是用笔记录下来的，而另一种则不是。 The guard looked inside one boot, then the other. 卫兵朝一只靴子里边瞧了瞧，然后又看另一只。 another意为one more或a different one，指三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分后“余下部分中的某一个”，非特指。 e.g. I dont like this pen. Please show me another. 这支钢笔我不喜欢，请给我另外一支。 others意为some of the rest，所指的是三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分后“余下部分中的

29、某一些”，非特指。 e.g. I dont like these. Please let me see some others. 我不喜欢这些，请另外给我一些瞧瞧。 When we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words. 当我们与他人交谈时，并不仅仅靠语言来使别人了解你。 Ten of us are from Chongqing and others are from Chengdu. 我们中间有10人来自重庆，其余的有些来自成都。（注：还有些来自成渝两地以外的地方。） the others意为all o

30、f the rest，指三个以上的人或物中除去以知部分以后“余下部分中的全部”，系特指。例如： e.g. Ten of us are from Chongqing, and the others are from Chengdu. 我们中间有10人来自重庆，其余的（都）来自成都。（注：要么来自重庆，要么来自成都。） Three of you go there, and the others stay here. 你们之中有三个到那边去，其余的全待在这儿。any 【误】 Do you have some questions?【正】 Do you have any questions?【析】 so

31、me一般要用于肯定句，而any则用于否定句或疑问句。【误】 China is larger than any other countries in Asia.【正】 China is larger than any other country in Asia.【析】 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词，但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.【误】 Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these.【正】 H

32、ere are some books; you can choose any one of these.【析】 anyone只能指人，而any one即可指人 也可以指物。as 【误】 This man works in the bank for a manager.【正】 This man works in the bank as a manager.【析】 as与for有时是可以通用的。如：This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as.【误】 My brother is so taller as Tom.【正】 My br

33、other is as tall as Tom.【析】 as as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用soas，也可以用asas，但在肯定句中只能用asas，如：He is not so tall as Tom.【误】 I'll give him the note as soon as he will come.【正】 I'll give him the note as soon as he comes.【析】 as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。 单项选择1. How wonderful! The _ is made of

34、_. A. house; glass B. house; glasses C. houses; glass D. houses; glasses2. Could you give me _ please? A. two piece of paper B. two piece of papers C. two pieces of paper D. two pieces of papers3. The vegetable market is _ walk from our school. A. a quarter of an hours' B. a quarter-of-an-hour&#

35、39;s C. a quarter of an hour's D. a quarter-of-an-hours'4. There are twelve _ in a year. A. month B. monthes C. months D. the month5. It's about _ walk from my home to the park. A. two hours. B. two hour's C. two hours' D. two of hours6. Physics _ a difficult lesson, so I' m

36、going to drop it. A. is B. was C. are D. were7. Liu Met is a _ girl, she is the shortest one in her class. A. sixteen-years-old B. sixteen-old-years C. sixteen-year-old D. sixteen-old-year8. We can't see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the9. _ Browns are going to the park t

37、his Sunday. A. A B. An C. / D. The10. The football hit him _. A. in the head B. on his face C. in his face D. on the head11. What a _ cough! You seem _ ill.A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly12. John drives as _ as Tom. A. carefully B. careful C. n

38、ice D. fine13. I' m not sure whether Mary can sing _ Mabel. A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as14. Chinese is _ more difficult than English. A. most B. very C. many D. much15. Which is the _ city, Shanghai, Beijing or Tianjin? A. large B. larger C. largest D. more large16.

39、Today my sister is feeling _ to go to the factory. A. enough good B. good enough C. well enough D. enough well17. Which is _, Lesson Five or Lesson Six? A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting18. She is _ than any other girl in her class. A. thiner B. thinner C

40、. thin D. the thinnest19. _ all the students in his class, Xiao Ming writes _. A. Of; most carefully B. In; the most careful C. Of; very carefully D. In; much more carefully20. The population in Chongqing is the _ of all the cities in China. A. most B. biggest C. largest D. highest21. _ dog lay at t

41、he gate. A. An old yellow B. A yellow old C. A yellow-old D. Yellow and old 一、中考题型之单选1. Fred plays _ piano after _ supper every day.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /2. How do you study for a test? - _ working with friends.A. ByB. WithC. On3. I dont believe that this _ boy can paint such a nice picture.A

42、. five years oldB. five-years-oldC. five-year-old4. Stop making so much _. The children are sleeping.A. voiceB. noiseC. sound5. Football is so exciting that _ people in the world play it.A. million ofB. millions ofC. two millions of6. Youre late again. Do you have anything to say for yourself? - _ e

43、xcept sorry.A. SomethingB. NothingC. Anything7. My sister has practiced tennis for a long time. She plays tennis _ you.A. as good asB. so well asC. as well as8. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? - Yes, I think so.A. isB. areC. has9. It _ hard outside. You have to stay at home.A

44、. rainB. is rainingC. rained10. Whose notebook is this? - It _ Tom. I saw he used it just now.A. must belong toB. cant belong toC. might be belonged to11. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean.A. be thrownB. throwC. is thrown12. When I was a child, my grandmothe

45、r _ me interesting stories.A. used to tellB. is used to tellingC. used to tell13. - _ nice day it is today! Lets go out to play, shall we? - Thats a good idea.A. How a B. What aC. How14. Its an exciting movie. Ive just seen it. - _.A. So do IB. So I haveC. So have I 15. Do you know _ this time yeste

46、rday? - Sorry, I dont know.A. what she is doingB. what was she doingC. what she was doing16. _ he was only twelve, he could run faster than any kids in the school.A. ThoughB. BecauseC. If17. Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina? - Yes. John _.A. doB. doesC. did18. The people _ helped us buil

47、d our hometown are from Beijing.A. whichB. whomC. who19. Speak aloud, please! I can _ hear you.A. almostB. hardlyC. usually20. Oh, I left my dictionary at home. Can you _ me yours?A. lendB. borrowC. keep中考题型之完形填空One day a woman got into her car and started driving home after work. Just at that time,

48、 she saw a _1_ car behind her. The driver was a _2_. When she turned left, the yellow car turned left. When she turned _3_, the yellow car turned right, too. When she stopped at the traffic lights, the yellow car stopped _4_ her.The woman was _5_, so she drove quickly to _6_. When she arrived, she w

49、as very _7_ to see that the yellow car stooped behind her again. But she felt _8_ because she saw a policeman standing outside the police station. She jumped out of her car at once and _9_ to the policeman. She asked the policeman to arrest（逮捕）the man in the yellow car, then the police man walked to

50、 the man.The man didnt run away. He just _10_ and said to the woman, “I want to give this purse back to you. I think you dropped it on the street.”1. A. redB. yellowC. black2. A. manB. womanC. policeman3. A. leftB. beforeC. behind5. A. anxiousB. scaredC. pleased6. A. the police stationB. her officeC. her home7. A. interestedB.