2014年八年级英语下册知识点复习(新外研版) _八年级英语课件

1、知识梳理八年级下册一、语法1.动词时态 2.并列复合句3.宾语从句1、动词时态名称 特征词 肯定句的动词一般现在sometimes, usually, often always, every., 原形 第三人称单数现在完成时ever, already , just ,yet for /since so far have /has +V过去分词一般过去yesterday., just now, .ago, this morning, When I was young, 过去式动词否定句一般疑问句原形在主语后dontDo 主语+V？ 第三人 称单数在主语后doesnt动词原形Does 主语动词原形

2、？否定句一般疑问句只在其后not (some-any)将其放到句首.？句中没有be、的变法一般现在时有be 的变法否认句、一般疑问句的结构动词否定句一般疑问句过去式主语didnt动词原形+其他。Did动词原形其他？否定句：主语+have /has +not +V过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have /Has +主语+V过去分词+其他？一般过去式的句子结构：肯定句：主语+have /has +V过去分词+其他.现在完成时的句子结构一般疑问句答复:Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ?

3、Yes she does. No, she doesnt.Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.Have you.? Yes, I have . No. I havent.Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent.Was he.? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt.Has she ? Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.2、并列复合句并列复合句是由并列词and ,but ,or 等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单

4、句。并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。1.并列关系用and (2.) 选择关系 用or 3.转折关系用but 3、宾语从句1.引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句充当宾语从句疑问代词或疑问副词2.语序 陈述句语序3.时态陈述句充当宾语从句主句一般现在时一般过去时从句按实际情况用相应时态过去的某种时态4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，其后的宾语从句为否认句时，常将否认词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否认转移 5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。thatif/whether直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关

5、系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I . 2. He says, “Tom is a good student . He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? “Will they go to visit the Great Wall? he

6、asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live? 2. “How can we get to the post-office? he asked.He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to

7、the post-office. 二、话题人的相貌及性格2.天气及季节3.看病与健康 4.假期三、句子简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感慨句一般疑问句否认句祈使句简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感慨句This is an orange bike. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont und

8、erstand it. Stand Dont up.一般疑问句否认句祈使句四、句型 (及交际用语)对某人来说做某事是怎么样的： It is +adj. for/of sb. + to do sth.2. 提问看病的：What can I do for you ?Can I help you ?Whats wrong?Whats the matter? 3.答复生病情况：1) I have got a headache .stomach ache .toothache.fever.cough.cold.catch a cold 2) 就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / t

9、hese medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.4.提问某人的爱好： What s your hobby?答复爱好：My hobby is collecting fans/tickets.collecting stamps/model cars.writing.playing baske

10、tball.swimming.running.singing.5. 提问人的相貌： What does.look like?6. 提问人的性格： What is . like?7. 到该做什么事的时候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.8. 提建议用语： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What/How about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth. You should do sth.五、词类1. 动词6. 形容词、副词2

11、. 系动词7.数词3. 代词8. 频率副词4.不定代词9. 介词5. 连词10. 疑问词1.动词(谓语)He watches TV every day.He is watching TV now.He watched TV a moment ago. 动词(非谓语)He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh.I wanted to see it again.2.系动词 (+形容词的动词)lookbeturn getsoundbecometastefeelsmell1) Jims idea sounds nice.2) Kate looks taller.

12、3) I feel nervous now.4) Beijing becomes bigger.5) The days get long.6) The cake tastes delicious.3.不定代词1. other, others, the other, the others, another, One., the other., any other2. one, ones, ones 3. somethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody

13、 / no one5. 连词1. and 7. when2. but 8. before3. or 9. after4. so 10. as5. though 11. if6. because用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.3. Mr.

14、Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.Becauseandbut4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5. _it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.6. I can help you _ I have time.用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空Thoughbeforeif7. _ gett

15、ing up, I always listen to the radio for a while.8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very early this morning.用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空soorAfter10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.11. _ you know him

16、, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空IfWhen6.形容词、副词形容词与副词的转换在词尾处+ lyy结尾时,去y + ily有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的那么直接+ly。quickquickly 2. easy-easily3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully形容词、副词的使用形容词副词修饰名词修饰动词、形

17、容词They are clever boys.I prefer long hair.It really sounds nice.They work very hard.7. 数词数词基数词变序数词百,千,万,的表达几分之几用来表达时、分用来表达年、月、日8. 频率副词alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever 用How often 对它们进行提问。 他们表达了动词出现的频率程度。 I always have milk for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.I often have noodles for

18、 it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.9. 与时间相关的介词for 时间段前in 某年、某月前on 具体日子、节日、 生日、星期几前at 某分，某时前当“早上、下午、晚上被修饰时不用 in 而用on. 表示方位的介词： 某物处在某处的东南西北。northsouthwestnortheastsoutheastnorthwestsouthwesteastThe Positionin, to, on 的区别on 某处在某处之内某处与某处相接壤某处

19、在某处之外 in to with 的多种用法do sth. with sb./ sth.a girl with long haira room with two doorsa city with large populationbe busy with sth.be popular with.be with a style of.talk with sb. help sb. with sth.an action movie with Jackie ChanWhats wrong / the matter with.?10. 疑问词提问几点钟What time is it?Whats the t

20、ime?价格how much地点where数量how many.how much.程度、方式how动词、宾语what.do. what主语who, whom.性格Whats.like?时间when长相What does/ do.look like?频率how often天气Whats .like?Hows.?六、易混淆的词、词组What is .like?What does.look like?1.2.3.what to dohow to dowake upwake sb. up4.5.there behave / hasjointake part in.6.7.8.in the east o

21、f.to the east of.triptravelother, othersthe other, the othersOne., the other., anotherany other schoolsany other school2.stop to do sth.stop doing sth.as well as exceptbesidesa little, little, a bit, a bit of. a few, fewget to.arrive in / at.reach13.too muchmuch too14.by cartake a car15.16.excited, interested, amazedexciting, interesting, amazingIts time to . .Its time for. .18. noise, voice, sound19. hear, listen, listen to20. say, tell, talk, speak21. read, wa