车床lathe(简单介绍)

1、万机之母万机之母 mother of the machinelathe 机床2历史（history）3类型（Types ）1组成（composition）组成部分组成部分component主轴(headstock)刀架(turret)尾座(tailstock)床身(bed)床腿(bed legs)光杠(light bars)丝杠(screw)溜板箱(apron)进给箱(feed box)挂轮(hanging round)主轴箱主轴箱(headstock)主轴箱：又称床头箱，它的主要任务是将主电机传来的旋转运动经过一系列的变速机构使主轴得到所需的正反两种转向的不同转速，同时主轴箱分出部分动力将运

2、动传给进给箱。主轴箱中的主轴是车床的关键零件。主轴在轴承上运转的平稳性直接影响工件的加工质量，一旦主轴的旋转精度降低，则机床的使用价值就会降低。Spindle box: also known as the headstock, its main task is to rotate the main motor movement came after a series of the main shaft of the transmission mechanism required to give positive and negative steering different speeds, w

3、hile the power to allocate part of the headstock the motion to feed box. Headstock spindle lathes are key parts. Processing quality spindle bearing on the smooth operation of the direct impact of the workpiece, once the spindle rotation accuracy is reduced, the machines value in use is reduced.刀架刀架(

4、turret)刀架：有两层滑板(中、小滑板)、床鞍与刀架体共同组成。用于安装车刀并带动车刀作纵向、横向或斜向运动。尾架：安装在床身导轨上，并沿此导轨纵向移动，以调整其工作位置。尾架主要用来安装后顶尖，以支撑较长工件，也可安装钻头、铰刀等进行孔加工。 Turret: There are two skateboard (medium and small slide), together constitute the saddle and tool holder body. And promote the tools used to install tools for vertical, horiz

5、ontal or diagonal movement. Tailstock: mounted on the rail bed, and moved longitudinally along the rail to adjust its working position. Tailstock after mainly used to install the top, in order to support long workpieces can also be installed drills, reamers, etc. hole machining.床身床身(bed)床身：是车床带有精度要求

6、很高的导轨(山形导轨和平导轨)的一个大型基础部件。用于支撑和连接车床的各个部件，并保证各部件在工作时有准确的相对位置。Bed: lathe is a large member base with high precision guide rails (rail Yamagata peace rails). For supporting and connecting the various components of a lathe, and ensure that all members at work have an accurate relative position.光杠光杠(light

7、 bars)&丝杠丝杠(screw)丝杠与光杠：用以联接进给箱与溜板箱，并把进给箱的运动和动力传给溜板箱，使溜板箱获得纵向直线运动。丝杠是专门用来车削各种螺纹而设置的，在进行工件的其他表面车削时，只用光杠，不用丝杠。同学们要结合溜板箱的内容区分光杠与丝杠的区别。 Screw and light bars: for coupling the feed box and apron, and the movement of the feed box and torque to the apron, so that the apron obtain longitudinal linear mo

8、tion. Is devoted to turning the screw thread and various settings during turning other surface of the workpiece, only light bar, do not screw. Students who want to combine the contents of the apron distinguish between light bars and lead screw.溜板箱溜板箱(apron)溜板箱：是车床进给运动的操纵箱，内装有将光杠和丝杠的旋转运动变成刀架直线运动的机构，通

9、过光杠传动实现刀架的纵向进给运动、横向进给运动和快速移动，通过丝杠带动刀架作纵向直线运动，以便车削螺纹。Apron: lathe feed movement of the control box, built with the rotary motion of the light bar and the screw into linear motion of the turret mechanism, the drive to achieve through light bars turret longitudinal feed motion, infeed movement and fast

10、-moving, turret drive for longitudinal linear motion by the screw, so threading.进给箱进给箱(feed box)进给箱：又称走刀箱，进给箱中装有进给运动的变速机构，调整其变速机构，可得到所需的进给量或螺距，通过光杠或丝杠将运动传至刀架以进行切削。Feed box: also known as take the knife box, feed box is installed in the feed movement of the transmission mechanism, adjust its transmis

11、sion mechanism, achieve the desired amount of feed or pitch, through light bars or screw motion is transmitted to the knife frame for cutting. CA6140车床外形图车床外形图(CA6140lathe Dimensions)1主轴箱主轴箱(headstock)；2刀架刀架(turret)；3尾座尾座(tailstock)；4床身床身(bed)；59床腿床腿(bed legs);6光杠光杠(light bars)；7丝杠丝杠(screw)；8溜板箱溜板箱(

12、apron)；10进给箱进给箱(feed box)；11挂轮挂轮(hanging round)2历史（HISTORY）历史(HISTORY)古代的车床是靠手拉或脚踏，通过绳索使工件旋转，并手持刀具而进行切削的。1797年，英国机械发明家莫兹利创制了用丝杠传动刀架的现代车床，并于1800年采用交换齿轮，可改变进给速度和被加工螺纹的螺距。1817年，另一位英国人罗伯茨采用了四级带轮和背轮机构来改变主轴转速。为了提高机械化自动化程度，1845年，美国的菲奇发明转塔车床。1848年，美国又出现回轮车床1873年，美国的斯潘塞制成一台单轴自动车床，不久他又制成三轴自动车床20世纪初出现了由单独电机驱动的

13、带有齿轮变速箱的车床。第一次世界大战后，由于军火、汽车和其他机械工业的需要，各种高效自动车床和专门化车床迅速发展。为了提高小批量工件的生产率，40年代末，带液压仿形装置的车床得到推广，与此同时，多刀车床也得到发展。50年代中，发展了带穿孔卡、插销板和拨码盘等的程序控制车床。数控技术于60年代开始用于车床，70年代后得到迅速发展。Ancient lathe by hand or foot, rotates the workpiece through the ropes and holding the tool and the cutting.In 1797, British inventor M

14、audslay created using mechanical screw drive turret lathe modern, and in 1800 the use of change gears,You can change the feed speed and pitch of the threads to be processed. In 1817, another Englishman Roberts uses a four pulley and back turbineTo change the configuration of the spindle speed. In or

15、der to increase the degree of mechanization and automation, 1845, the US Fitch invention turret lathe.In 1848, the United States appeared back wheel latheIn 1873, the United States Spencer made a single spindle automatic lathe, he soon made three-axis automatic lathesIt appeared in the early 20th ce

16、ntury by a separate motor-driven lathe with a gear transmission.After World War I, due to the need of arms, automobiles and other industrial machinery, a variety of efficient automatic lathes Rapid development and specialized lathes. In order to improve the productivity of small quantities of the workpiece, the late 1940s, with hydraulic copying Lathe apparatus be promoted at the