中职对口升学英语精品复习课件 (5)

1、品味语法品味语法语法精讲专项突破语法精讲专项突破讲解归纳讲解归纳限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。从句两种。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：一、形式不同一、形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。隔开。This is an important letter, which I received y

2、esterday.(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句) 这是一封重要这是一封重要的信，我昨天收到的。的信，我昨天收到的。The book (which/that) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.(限制性定语从限制性定语从句句) 昨天你借的那本书真有意思。昨天你借的那本书真有意思。二、功能不同二、功能不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，它限限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，它限制了先行词的意义。制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；非限制性定语从句只是其先行

3、词甚至失去意义；非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。完整。He is a man whom we should learn from.(限制性限制性定语从句定语从句)他是一个值得我们学习的人。他是一个值得我们学习的人。My father, who works in a hospital, often warns me not to smoke.(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句)我父亲在一家医院工作，他经常告诫我不要抽烟我父亲在一家医院工作，他经常告诫我不要抽烟.三、先行词不同三、先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词

4、一般为单个的名词或限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中一个的名词或代词，也可以是整个句子或其中一部分。部分。Mike sold the house, which made his father very angry. 迈克把房子卖掉了，这使他父亲很生气。迈克把房子卖掉了，这使他父亲很生气。(先行先行词词which指代逗号前的整个句子，即卖房子这指代逗号前的整个句子，即卖房子这件事。件事。)四、关系词不同四、关系词不同1that通常不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。通常不能用来引

5、导非限制性定语从句。He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry.()( 此处此处that应改为应改为which，指代主句表达的整个内，指代主句表达的整个内容。容。)2并非只有并非只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句。才能引导非限制性定语从句。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，可使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，可用用who, whom来引导；来引导；先行词指物，可用先行词指物，可用which，whose来引导；先来引导；先行词表时间或地点，可用行词表时间或地点，可用when，where来引来引导导(它们在从句中作时间状语它们

6、在从句中作时间状语)。五、五、as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1关系代词关系代词as即可以引导限制性定语从句即可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as可以在句可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语。中作主语、宾语、表语。(1)as引导限制性定语从句，常见句式：引导限制性定语从句，常见句式：such名词名词as.像像一样的；像一样的；像之类；之类；the same名词名词as.和和同样的。其中关同样的。其中关系代词系代词as在句中担当主语、宾语、表语。在句中担当主语、宾语、表语。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为整引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为整个句子

7、，个句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，“正如正如；这一点，像；这一点，像一样一样”等，等，as引导引导的非限制性定语从句放在主句前后都可。的非限制性定语从句放在主句前后都可。2关系代词关系代词as与与which的用法区别的用法区别(1)which和和as引导的非限制性定语从句可修引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，饰整个主句或主句的一部分，as从句还可置从句还可置于主句之前，于主句之前，which只能放在主句后。只能放在主句后。He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like. 他星期天还得工作，这是

8、他不喜欢的。他星期天还得工作，这是他不喜欢的。As you know, the work is very difficult.你们知道，这项工作很难。你们知道，这项工作很难。(2) as在限制性定语从句中，常用于固定结构在限制性定语从句中，常用于固定结构, the same .as；such. as等；等；which在句中作主在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。(3)as有正如，正像的意思，有正如，正像的意思，which没有此意。没有此意。专题训练专题训练.用非限制性定语从句合并下列两个句子用非限制性定语从句合并下列两个句子1He has left Beijing

9、. A meeting is to be held there._He has left Beijing, where a meeting is to be held.2Charles Smith retired last year. He was my former teacher._Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.3He seems not to have understood what I meant. This greatly upsets me._4He has two sons. Both of

10、 them are teachers._He seems not to have understood what I meant, which greatly upsets me.He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.5Im reading Harry Porter. It is an interesting book._Im reading Harry Porter, which is an interesting book.在横线上填入适当的关系副词或代词在横线上填入适当的关系副词或代词 1Those_will go to the park

11、stay here.2That was all the money_I had.3Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.whothatthat4That was the year_I went to America.5Which is the star_is nearest to the earth?6He often speaks highly of himself，_made others upset.7He opened the door, in front of_sat a boy.when/in whichthatwhichw

12、hich8The man to_I spoke is a famous scientist.9The boy_mother is dead was brought up by his father.10We came to the town，_we stayed for 2 hours.whomwhosewhere/in which. 单项填空单项填空1The letter is from my sister，_is working in Beijing.Awhich BthatCwhom Dwho解析：选解析：选D。考查非限制性定语从句。据定语。考查非限制性定语从句。据定语从句含义可知先行词

13、应是从句含义可知先行词应是my sister，确定关系，确定关系代词为代词为who，关系代词在从句中作主语。，关系代词在从句中作主语。2_is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.AThat BWhichCAs DIt解析：选解析：选C。考查定语从句的引导词。表示。考查定语从句的引导词。表示“正如正如”时，只能用关系代词时，只能用关系代词as。as引导的引导的从句放在主句的前面、中间或末尾都可以。从句放在主句的前面、中间

14、或末尾都可以。3As I arrived in Sydney，I wanted to see everything on my first day，_I knew was impossible.Athat BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：选解析：选D。考查定语从句。考查定语从句。which引导非限引导非限制性定语从句，指代制性定语从句，指代I wanted to see everything on my first day这件事。这件事。4Most of the roads were covered with thick snow，_made our journey more dif

15、ficult.Aone BitCwhich Dthat解析：选解析：选C。考查非限制性定语从句。这里。考查非限制性定语从句。这里which指代前面的整个句子。指代前面的整个句子。5We then moved to Paris in 2001，_we lived for six years.Awhen BwhereCthat Dthere解析：选解析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：我们于。考查定语从句。句意：我们于2001年搬到巴黎，我们在那里住了年搬到巴黎，我们在那里住了6年。此题易年。此题易误选误选A。注意从句中已经有时间状语了，先行。注意从句中已经有时间状语了，先行词只能是词只能是Paris，

16、因此用，因此用where引导定语从句且引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语。在从句中作地点状语。6He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat Dduring解析：选解析：选B。考查定语从句的引导词。因为。考查定语从句的引导词。因为定语从句中使用了过去完成时，要与表示截定语从句中使用了过去完成时，要与表示截止到过去的时间段的介词连用，因此用止到过去的时间段的介词连用，因此用by。7Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T

17、shirt，_is a stupid thing to do in such weather.Athis BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：选解析：选D。句意：。句意：Ted仅穿着短裤和仅穿着短裤和T恤来恤来过周末，在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。过周末，在这种天气下这样做真愚蠢。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。主语。this，what不能引导定语从句；不能引导定语从句；that不不能引导非限制性定语从句。能引导非限制性定语从句。8The key to success in English is to find a right learning

18、method，_I think is important.Awho BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：选解析：选D。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是是a right learning method，从句缺少主语，其，从句缺少主语，其中中I think为插入语，故用关系代词为插入语，故用关系代词which。9John Kennedy，_was only 39 years old when he died，was seven years younger than his father when he died.Awho BwhomCthat Dwhich解析：解析

19、：A。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词。考查非限制性定语从句。先行词John Kennedy为人且在从句中作主语，故选为人且在从句中作主语，故选A。10More and more people would like to live in the countryside _there is fresher air and lower price of housing.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen解析：选解析：选B。先行词。先行词countryside表示地点，表示地点，where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。写作指导妙笔生花写作指导妙笔生

20、花事物介绍事物介绍 写作要求写作要求请以请以“My Favourite Piece of Clothes”为题写为题写一篇一篇100词左右的英语短文。写作内容：词左右的英语短文。写作内容：1买衣服的时间、地点；买衣服的时间、地点；2喜欢这件衣服的原因喜欢这件衣服的原因(如颜色、样式等如颜色、样式等)；3你穿这件衣服的时间及频度；你穿这件衣服的时间及频度；4这件衣服今天看起来的情况；这件衣服今天看起来的情况；5审题谋篇审题谋篇(1)审题构思审题构思a体裁：介绍事物的说明文；体裁：介绍事物的说明文；b时态：一般现在时；时态：一般现在时；c人称：第一人称；人称：第一人称；d重点：以简洁的语言介绍重点

21、：以简洁的语言介绍My Favourite Piece of Clothes。(2)篇章结构：篇章结构：本文可采用本文可采用“二段式二段式”结构。结构。第一部分：提出文章的主题，开门见山地点第一部分：提出文章的主题，开门见山地点出你最喜欢的衣服。出你最喜欢的衣服。第二部分：文章的主体，对文章的主题进行第二部分：文章的主体，对文章的主题进行展开说明。层次要清楚，内容要全面。展开说明。层次要清楚，内容要全面。写作要点写作要点1一看到这件衣服时，我就喜欢上了它，一看到这件衣服时，我就喜欢上了它，毫不犹豫地就买了它。毫不犹豫地就买了它。_ it _ I saw it and bought it wit

22、hout any hesitation. I _ it _ I saw it and bought it without any hesitation.I fell in love withthe momentwas fond ofas soon as2我非常喜欢这件衣服，以致于我经常穿，我非常喜欢这件衣服，以致于我经常穿，特别是在上体育课时。特别是在上体育课时。_， especially in P. E. classes._， especially in P. E. classes.I like it so much that I often wear itI really like it,

23、 so that I often wear it3自从我买这件衣服以来，已经有两年的自从我买这件衣服以来，已经有两年的时间了。现在看起来它有点小也有点短了。时间了。现在看起来它有点小也有点短了。_ and now it looks rather small and short on me. _ and now it looks rather small and short on me.It has been two years since I bought itI bought it two years ago佳作欣赏佳作欣赏My Favourite Piece of ClothesMy fa

24、vourite piece of clothes is an Msized Tshirt. I still remember the day when I bought it. I was doing some shopping with my friends in Wangfujing Department store when I noticed the blue Tshirt. I fell in love with it the moment I saw it and bought it without any hesitation. Although it cost me 80 yu

25、an, which is a very high price for a student like me. I think it is worth the money. I like it so much that I often wear it, especially in P. E. classes.How time flies! It has been two years since I bought it and now it looks rather small and short on me. But I still dont want to throw it away. Inst

26、ead I will give my beautiful blue Tshirt to my younger sister. I hope she will like it as I do.名师点津名师点津【美文点津美文点津】本文涵盖了所有要点，表述合理。本文涵盖了所有要点，表述合理。文章合理运用了文章合理运用了was doing.when.、the moment、定语从句、定语从句、It has been.since.等等高级句式，以及高级句式，以及fall in love with ，without any hesitation等高级词汇，使得文章增色很等高级词汇，使得文章增色很多、文章结

27、构自然合理。多、文章结构自然合理。【类文点津类文点津】1写作方法写作方法一篇介绍事物的说明文，如果只是中规中矩一篇介绍事物的说明文，如果只是中规中矩地描绘它的形状、特点，那事物永远都是死地描绘它的形状、特点，那事物永远都是死物。要想把事物写活，应赋予其血液，让它物。要想把事物写活，应赋予其血液，让它活起来。如写小狗时，除了介绍狗的外貌、活起来。如写小狗时，除了介绍狗的外貌、习性，应该在其可爱性上下功夫，如小狗喜习性，应该在其可爱性上下功夫，如小狗喜欢在主人面前摇尾巴、爱对陌生人乱叫等；欢在主人面前摇尾巴、爱对陌生人乱叫等；写花草，如含羞草，除了介绍它的形状、生写花草，如含羞草，除了介绍它的形状

28、、生长规律外，更应该在长规律外，更应该在shy上做足文章，使它上做足文章，使它人性化；介绍某种食品，除了介绍该食品的人性化；介绍某种食品，除了介绍该食品的产地、特色外，还应该在味儿上下功夫，这产地、特色外，还应该在味儿上下功夫，这样才能诱人；介绍科技产品，如电子词典，样才能诱人；介绍科技产品，如电子词典，除了介绍它的使用方法及注意事项，更应该除了介绍它的使用方法及注意事项，更应该把写作重点放在科技含量上把写作重点放在科技含量上词汇丰富，词汇丰富，查询便捷。查询便捷。事物类说明文适合以定义法开头。比如在介事物类说明文适合以定义法开头。比如在介绍手提电脑这种产品时，可以这样写：绍手提电脑这种产品时

29、，可以这样写：Laptop is a portable computer that can be carried easily and used conveniently whenever and wherever you are.在说明的过在说明的过程中，要借助举例法和细节描述法使被介绍程中，要借助举例法和细节描述法使被介绍的内容清晰丰满。在结尾段要突出题目要求的内容清晰丰满。在结尾段要突出题目要求,重申说明目的，使文章完整。重申说明目的，使文章完整。2注意事项注意事项(1)写此类说明文时要注意行文的条理清晰，写此类说明文时要注意行文的条理清晰，在动笔之前要想好描述顺序，不能东一句，在动笔之

30、前要想好描述顺序，不能东一句，西一笔，缺乏章法。西一笔，缺乏章法。(2)注意句与句之间的链接及层与层之间的联注意句与句之间的链接及层与层之间的联系。这样才能使文章条理清楚，层次分明。系。这样才能使文章条理清楚，层次分明。(3)尽可能多用特殊结构和高级词汇；同时要尽可能多用特殊结构和高级词汇；同时要注意用词和句子的准确性。注意用词和句子的准确性。(4)要注意采用叙述、举例子、列数据、作比较等要注意采用叙述、举例子、列数据、作比较等相结合的形式。相结合的形式。(5)要尽可能地使说明的内容生动、有趣，选用典要尽可能地使说明的内容生动、有趣，选用典型、新颖的素材，吸引读者。型、新颖的素材，吸引读者。常

31、见词汇常见词汇(1)表顺序：表顺序：first第一，第一，second第二，第二，third第三第三,in the first place第一，第一，at first首先，首先，in the beginning首先、开始，首先、开始，to begin with首先、第一首先、第一,above all首首先、最重要的是，先、最重要的是，whats more 此外、而且，此外、而且，inaddition除此之外，除此之外，furthermore此外，此外，moreover此外、而且，此外、而且，another另外另外,also也也, especially特别、尤其，特别、尤其，in particu

32、lar特别地。特别地。(2)表时间：表时间：first首先，首先，then然后，然后，next接着，接着，after that在那之后，在那之后，finally最后，最后，now现在，现在，at present现在，现在，recently最近，最近，afterwards以后、以后、后来，后来，after a while过了一会儿，过了一会儿，in a few days 几天之后，几天之后，from now on从现在起，从现在起，from then on从那时起，从那时起，at the same time同时，同时，meanwhile同时，同时，till直到，直到，not.until直到直到才

33、，才，when当当时，时，while当当时，时，as当当时，时，during在在期间。期间。(3)表解释说明：表解释说明：for example例如，例如，for instance例如，例如，such as比如，比如，in this case在这在这种情况下，种情况下，take.for example以以为例，为例，in fact实际上、事实上，实际上、事实上，actually实际上、事实际上、事实上。实上。词语串串练词语串串练As the necessities of life, clothes can reflect the character, taste of wearer.And i

34、t also keeps to some rules, such as status, occasions and season. So how we wear can make us more comfortable and confident.Firstly, wear what you like. Maybe you have your unique character and taste, which can be revealed by your wearing styles. You may like fashionable clothes as most people do. O

35、r you like comfortable sportswear. In my opinion, its okay as long as it suits you well.Secondly, clothes should be appropriate for the occasions. If you are a golfer, you may prefer a sweatshirt and a pair of sneaker when you golf.But, when you attend a meeting, you should wear formally. As a worke

36、r, you may wear uniforms when you are working.Thirdly, youd better choose the size which is neither big nor small when you go shopping in the department store.Designers consider many respects for customers, so you can find the style on sale which you like most.Fourth, wear clothes as the season chan

37、ges. In spring, you can only wear a blouse. But when in winter the temperature is about minus centigrade ten degrees, you may be frozen if you just want to show off your good figure.Fifth, choose these clothes whose cloth is comfortable. Youd better choose the tights made of cotton. Because we have

38、madeadvances in the cloth, you can see many beautiful clothes made from specific fiber and other materials. They dont fade and they will be in good shape even if you overwear it. Whats more, you dont bother to wash them by_hand,_and just put them into a washer.We can feel more confident if we wear tidily and comfortably. Why not wear