Part 4Mechanical and Electrical Applied

1、Part Mechanical and Electrical AppliedUnit 14Unit 15Unit 16Unit 17Unit 14TextIndustrial RobotNew Words and Phrasesoactuatektu:,et v.驱动， 起动oanalogynldi n.比拟oanatomyntmi: n.人体解剖，人体结构oattribute tribju:t n.特性oautomation ,:tmein n.自动化ocapacity kpsiti n.容量， 能力ocharacteristics kriktraiz n.特点ocommand km:nd

2、n.命令oconception knsepn n.概念oentrench entrent v.夸大ofashion fn v.塑成ohumanoid hju:mnid a.具有人的特点 oloading ld n.上料omechanical miknikl a.机械的omotion mun n.运动onumerical nju:merikl a.数字的operformance pf:mns n.性能oportable p:tbl a.便携式的oretain ritein v.保留orobot rubt n.机器人otransfer trnsf: n.转移，传送ouniversal ,ju:ni

3、v:sl a.万能的，通用的orobotics rubtiks n,机器人的应用；机器人学ofeedback fi:dbk n.反馈，反馈信息 otrend trend n.趋势；趋向；动向oimage imid n.像；肖像；形象；声誉；心目中的形象或概念oanatomy ntmi: n.解剖学；解剖构造；人体oissue isju: n.放出；发出；分发；结果；结局oconquer kk v.征服；击败opatent peitnt n.许可证；专利证书；专利权 a.有专利的owork-part 工件oa sequence of 一序列的oa variety of 多种的oattach to

4、 赋予obe suited to 适合于omachine tool 机床 o general-purpose 一般用途的特点o punched type 穿孔带o spray painting喷漆o attach sth. to sth. 将某事物与另一事物相连接；将某事物归于另一事物 Noteso1. In spite of these differences, there are definite similarities between robots and NS machines in term of power drive technologies, feedback system,

5、 the trend toward computer control, and even some of the industrial applications.尽管有这些差别，但在电力驱动技术、反馈系统 、计算机控制化趋势，甚至在某些工业应用方面，两者之间有着明显的共同之处。In spite of 是短语介词，表示“尽管，虽然”。In term of ：就来说；terms表达方式；措辞；说法又如：He referred to your work in terms of high praise.他对你的工作高度赞扬。 o 2. Today the term robot seems to hav

6、e become entrenched in the language, together with whatever humanlike characteristics people have attached to the device.如今，“机器人”这一名称连同人们所赋予它的人性特点看来已经在语言中扎下牢牢的根基了。Together with 引出的短语在句中作状语together with： 连同。又如：The new facts , together with the other evidence, prove the prisoner, s innocence.这些新的事实连同其

7、他的证据已证明在押者无罪。 ExercisesI . Answers the following questions according to the text.o1. What,s an industrial robot according to Paragraph 1?o2. What, is the most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot?o3. In spite of the difference between robot and NC machine tools, how are they similar to each o

8、ther?o4. Why is the human analogy of a robot sometimes a troublesome issue in industry?o5. Why should robots be redefined?o6. How does the Robot Institute of America redefine a robot? II. Mark the following statements with T(true) or F(false) according to the text.o1. An industrial robot is a machin

9、e with some humanlike characteristics.o2. It is only the arm of a robot that makes it ideally suited to a variety of production tasks.o3. The same type of NC technology is used to operate both machine tools and a robot,s mechanical arm.o4. A robot is of the same size and weight as an NC machine tool

10、.o5. Compare with a robot, the used of and NC machine tool are more general.o6. The programming of a robot is the same as NC part programming.o7. The popular concept of a robot has been fashioned by science fiction novels and movies.o8. People have never made any attempts to rename the robot. III. M

11、atch the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A Bo 1. industrial a. process of producing o 2. programmable b. piece of work in process of manufactureo 3. capacity c. of industryo 4. Assembly d. able to be controlled by a program o 5. mechanical e. power of doing thingso 6. aortable f

12、. a production line where parts of machines ,etc are put togethero 7. definition g. statement that defineso 8. impact h. of , connected with machineso 9. production i. that can be carried about ,not fixedo 10. wok-parts j. influence IV . Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese gi

13、ven in the brackets.o1. Because of its humanlike arm and the capacity to be programmed (特别适合于做各种生产任务). （suit to）o 2. The used of the robot (主要涉及加工处理工件). (involve)o 3. People （已经把许多类似人类的特点赋予机器人). (attach to)o 4. A robot has many (和数控机床共同的特性). (in common with)o 5. Robots and NC machines are much simil

14、ar (就电力驱动、反馈系统、计算机控制化趋势来说). (in terms of)o 6. About 20 years ago ,people (会把机器人于科幻小说和电影“星球大战”联系起来）.（associate with） Translating Skills科技英语翻译方法与技巧科技英语翻译方法与技巧英汉语言的不同英汉语言的不同一、一、 句子结构的差别句子结构的差别1. 主句和从句的次序主句和从句的次序（1）时间顺序。）时间顺序。 o The primary dendrites solidify before eutectic reaction when temperature de

15、creases.当温度降低时，初生枝晶在共晶反应之前凝固 (2) 逻辑顺序。 o Without a feeder, the pressure of the mould cavity and the inside pressure of the sand mould become negative ,the mould will then collapse because it loses the pressure difference necessary for supporting its formation.如果没有冒口，型腔的压力和砂型的内压将变成负值，这时砂型由于失去了支持其形成所以

16、必须的压力差将发生崩溃。 2. 句子结构的差别o We are interested producing a component that has the proper shape and properties and permitting the component to perform its for its expected lifetime.我们感兴趣的是制造具有特定形状和性能的零件，允许这个零件在其预期的寿命内进行工作。 二、词汇的差别二、词汇的差别1.词的搭配上的不同词的搭配上的不同heave alloy 高密度合金高密度合金 heavy casting 厚大铸件厚大铸件heave

17、 machine 重型机械重型机械 heavy iron 镀锌薄板镀锌薄板heave mill 大型轧钢机大型轧钢机 heavy plant 重工业厂矿重工业厂矿heave scale 后氧化皮后氧化皮 heavy oil 重柴油重柴油heave current 强电流强电流 heavy load 重载重载heave traffic 拥挤的交通拥挤的交通 heavy repair 大修大修heave fire 猛烈的炮火猛烈的炮火 heavy crops 丰收丰收heave storm 大风暴大风暴 heavy snow 大雪大雪heave wire 粗导线粗导线 burn away 烧失 b

18、urn-on 黏砂burn back 熔接 burned sand 枯砂burn in 腐蚀 burned-on-sand 包砂burn-off 降碳 burning-off 机械黏砂 2.词义方面(1)英语的词义与汉语的词义对等。steel 钢 aluminum 铝solidification 凝固microstructure 显微组织temperature 温度 (2) 一个英语词所表达的意义与几个具有不同的词义甚至词性的汉语词分别对应。例如，“metal”一词在汉语中与之对应的有名词“金属、合金、五金、成分、轴承、碎石料”等，还有动词“用金属包镀、覆以金属、用碎石铺路面”等。又如“cas

19、t”一词在汉语中有“铸造、浇注、浇灌、熔炼、投射、筹划、预测、分类整理”等名词，以及具有相同含义的动词与之对应。 （3）英语的词义与汉语的词义部分对应。英汉两种词义在所概括的范围上有大小之分。如汉语中的“furnace”一词，在汉语中可泛指各种类型的“炉子”，包括鼓风炉、热处理炉、坩埚炉，甚至家用燃气炉、煤炉等。而“cupola”仅指化铁用的“冲天炉”。反过来，汉语中的“特性”一词，在英语中“characteristic”、“property”、“performance”、“behavior”等几个具有类似意义但用于不同场合的词与之对应。 Reading MaterialRobotNew Wo

20、rds and Phrasesoapplaud pl:d v. 拍手喝彩， 称赞， 赞同oheroism：heruizm n. 英雄品质， 英勇 ， 勇敢的事迹，豪侠的行为oduplicate：dju:plikit a. 复制的，两倍的，完全相同 n. 复制品oapt pt a. 易于的， 有倾向的ogripper grip n. 钳子 ，夹子omicroprocessor ,maikrupruses n. 计 微处理器ocircuit s:kit n. 电路oplug plg vt . 塞，插上，插栓operform pf:m vt . 履行，执行otransmit trnsmit vt .

21、 传输，传送oimpulse impls n. 推动，刺激，冲动oboost bu:st v. 推进 o productivity ,prdktiviti n. 生产力o humanitarian hju:,mnitrin n. 人道主义者o submarine sbmri:n n. 潜艇 a. 水下的，海底的o static sttik a. 静态的o response rispns n. 回答，响应，反应o dynamic dainmik a. 动态的o nerve fiber 神经元o computer technology 计算机技术 Unit 15TextCentral Statio

22、n Air-conditioning SystemsNew Words and Phrasesofacility fsiliti n.设备，功能ointermediate ,intmi:djt, -dieit a.中间的，居中的osimultaneous ,simlteinis a.同时的，同步的oregulation ,rejulein n.法规oinsulation ,insjulein, ins- n. 绝缘，隔热osensitive sensitiv a. 敏感的，灵敏的othermal :ml a. .热的，热量的，温度的oindicate indikeit vt.显示，预示oven

23、tilation ,ventilein n.通风，流通空气opump pmp n. 泵，抽水机ochangeover teind,uv n.转，变换oinduction indkn n.电感应，感应现象 odissipation disipein n.消散，分散oglazed leizd a.光滑的，像玻璃的oexcessive iksesiv a.过多的，过分的，额外olegislation ,ledislein n.立法oeffect ifekt vt.招致oattenuation ,tenjuein n.减少，减弱osustain sstein vt.维持，持续ostable steib

24、l a.稳定的oreduction ridkn n.减少；缩小；降低oapproximately prksimitliad.劲似的，大约ocritical kritikl a.紧要的，关键性的了；物临界的otransitional a.过渡期的 o plant pl:nt, plnt n.设备o narrow-plan building 节能型建筑o comply with 遵守，符合o civil centre市府礼堂，市中心o gain attenuation 增益删减o fan coil system 风机盘管o narrow-plan building 节能型建筑o solar hea

25、t gain 太阳热的吸收量o thermal performance热效o The Salford Civic Centre赛尔福特市中心大楼 Exercises. Answer the following questions according to the text.o1. What is the purpose of having central air conditioning systems in larger buildings in the UK?o2. When is the requirement of simultaneous heating and cooling mo

26、st necessay?o3. According to para.3,how can the boiler and the chiller palnt operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year?o4. What is good of the thermal performance of the buildings designed under the new legislation?o5. What type of building is the Salford Civic Centre?

27、. Mark the following statements with T(true) or F(false) according to the text.o1. Narrow-plan buildings designed at present are very sensitive to solar heat gain.o2. Analysis of building thermal characteristics indicates that in the intermediate seasons the cooling load is the lowest.o3. The buildi

28、ng with large glazed area are quite capable of sustaining stable space conditions.o4. Buildings designed under new legislation affect a much smaller degree of gain attenuation.o5. According to para.3,two-and four-pipe induction systems perform the same function as the fan coil systems do . Translate

29、 the following phrases into Chinese.odissipation of heat gain oheating and cooling facility onon-changeover operation oinsulation standards othe intermediate seasons othermal performance oheating and cooling plant othe ventilation air oresearch project ogain attenuation . Translate the following sen

30、tences in to Chinese.o1. Narrow-plan buildings being designed at present, that comply with the new building regulations on insulation standards, are less sensitive to solar heat gain.o2. The reduction of glazed areas to approximately 30 per cent of the wall area is a major factor influencing the the

31、rmal performance of these buildings through the critical transitional months of spring and autumn.o3. With the traditional mistrust of changeover control of the central air-conditioning plant, conventional design solutions have been based upon the non-changeover operation of two-and four-pipe induct

32、ion or fan coil systems, etc.o4. If the buildings thermal characteristics are such that the spring and autumn cooling requirements are low enough to be satisfied by the free cooling effect of the ventilation air,the function of both conventional boiler and chiller plant can be performed by an air-to

33、-water heat pump. Translating Skills科技英语翻译方法与技巧科技英语翻译方法与技巧机械工程专业英语解释的标准和过程机械工程专业英语解释的标准和过程 一、一、 解释的标准解释的标准二、二、 解释的过程解释的过程1. 原文理解阶段原文理解阶段2. 汉语表达阶段汉语表达阶段 3. 译文校对阶段 oThe amount of technical information available to todays scientists and engineers is vast and increasing daily.可译为:今天科学家和工程师能利用的技术情报浩如烟海，日

34、新月异 Reading MaterialThe Factory of the Futureo Rapid introduction of new productso Quick modifications in products of similar function o Manufacturing of small quantities at competitive production costs o Consistent quality control o Ability to produce a variety of products New Words and Phrasesocha

35、racterize kriktraiz v. 以为特征；表现（某人、某事物）的典型oera ir n. 年代;时代;纪元odictate dikteit v. 强行规则；指令，指定，口授ospecification ,spesifikein n.规格，规格说明，详述omodification ,mdifikeinn.修改，改善；修饰，限定osupervisory ,sju:pvaizri a.监督的，管理的；指导的oaccommodate kmdeitv.供给(某人)住宿或房间；适应：迎合otailor teiln.（男装）裁缝，成衣匠v.做，缝（衣服）omethodology ,medldi

36、n.一套方法；方法学（论）oconsortium kns:timn.协会；联营；集团oimplementation：,implimenteinn.实施，贯彻otermination ,t:mineinn.终点；结局，结束 oenvision invin vt. 想象，预想，展望ogrant gr:ntvt.同意，准予（补助等）ocommercialization n. 商业化成效；商品化oaspiration ,spreinn.志气，抱负，渴望oillusion ilu:nn.错觉，幻觉，幻想，假象ophase sth out 逐步或分阶段撤出或中止事物ocomputer-integrated

37、 manufacturing计算机集成制造otailor sth for sth 为某目的或适应某事物ocustomer-tailored modifications 适应顾客要求的改进 Unit 16 TextDigital Camerap Advantages of Digital Camerap Basic Requirements of Digital Camerap Camera ResolutionNew Words and PhrasesoInstant instnt a.即刻的，立即的oscan skn v. 扫描opromote prmut vt. 增进，促进；发扬，引起oi

38、nvestment investmnt n. 投资oenhance inh:ns vt. 提高，升级omemory memri n. 存储器，内存odrive draiv n. 计 驱动器oprogram prugrm vi. 安排节目，编程序；（电脑）程序，（电视） 节目ocrop krp vt. 修剪oscratch skrt vt. 乱涂，勾抹掉；擦，刮，挖出 n.抓；骚；划痕；擦伤obleach bli:t v. 漂白，变白osplit split v. 分离，分开 oretouch ri:tt v. 润饰operform pf:m vt. 履行，执行operspective pspe

39、ktiv n. 透视画法，透视图，远景ocraft kr:ft n. 工艺，手艺oconventional knvennl a. 传统的，惯例的，常规的，习俗的orectangle rektgl n. 长方形，矩形opixel piksl n. （显示器或电视机图像的）像素oresolution rezlu:n n. 清晰度；分辨力ofine fain a. 细微的，精巧的 常用于构成复合词 oultimate ltimit a. 最远的；最后的，最终的；根本的 n.终极；极限oprint print n. 印刷物；照片oprocessor pruses n. 处理机，处理器ovideo vi

40、diu n. 电视，录像，视频 o monitor mnit n. （计）显示器o skimp skimp vi. 节省，节俭；吝啬o Audio :diu a. 音频的，声频的，声音的o gobble gbl vi. 狼吞虎咽；吞并（up）o jet det v. 喷射o concert knst vt. 协商；安排，布置 vi. 协同工作o Encoding inkud n. 编码，译码o fine details 细节 Noteso1. If you want to buy a digital consider the following advantages; instant imag

41、e chec-king, no scanning, no film cost, and promoting a cleaner environment.买一个数码相机具有以下优点：可以马上看到照片是否满意，无需扫描（就可存入电脑），不需要花钱买胶卷，促进环境清洁（不乱丢费胶卷）。o2. youll be able to crop, and get rid of dust marks and scratches, bleach, sharpen, soften, split tone, retouch color, and perform dozens of other functions in

42、cluding correcting perspective.你可以修剪去照片的斑点及划痕，对照片进行擦除、漂白、锐化、分离调色、润色和其它几十种包括校正背景等处理。Marks and scratches 两个复数名词作动词 crop 和 get rid of 的宾语，bleach/ sharpen、 sof-ten、split、retouch、perform 几个动词与 crop 和 get rid of 并列作句子的谓语。 o3. Any digital camera that has a 640 by 480 pixels resolution would be a good start

43、 if you dont need prints larger that 4 by 6 inches.如果你不需要打印大于4x6英寸的照片，则一个有640 x480像素的数码相机就很好。“by”表示长方形的大小。例如：a room 15 feet by 20 feet 一间长20英寸宽15英尺的房间。1cm (centimeter) =0.3937 inches; 1m (meter) =39.37 inches。o4.JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group 联合图像专家组。 ExercisesI. Answer the following questions

44、 according to the text.o 1. What are the advantages of digital camera?o 2. What do you need to enhance you pictures using digital technology?o 3. What will you be able to do using digital technology?o 4. What are the basic requirements of digital camera?o 5. What is camera resolution? II. Mark the f

45、ollowing statements with T(true) or F(false) according to the text.o1. It is not necessary for you to have a CD ROM drive in your computer, it is not very useful.o2. The higher the resolutions, the larger the file size.o3. The more pixels that can be packed into a given area, the lower the resolutio

46、n.o4. If JPEG images are compressed, you cant get those pixels back without starting over from your original image.o5. TIFF is a loss compressed method. III. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.o1. Otherwise you should get an _video card. (not expensive)o2. Ther

47、e are some excellent multimedia CDs on a wide range of subjects, _ photography that might interest you. (include)o3. Images from digital cameras are made up of little squares (sometimes rectangles) _pixels. (call)o4. The more pixels that can be packed into a given area, the _the res-olution. (high)o

48、5. The higher the resolution, the larger the file sizeeven though most images _ in the camera using JPEG encoding. (compress)o6. If a high degree of compression is _, it allows you to store more images in the camera or on its memory card. (accept) IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.o

49、1. If you want to buy a digital camera, consider the following advantages: instant image chec-king, on scanning, no film cost, and promoting a cleaner environment.o2. Youll be able to crop and get ride of dust marks and scratches, bleach, sharpen, soften, split tone, retouch color, and perform dozen

50、s of other functions including correcting perspective.o3. Aside from the printer, your monitor in one of the most important elements in the digital chain.o4. A digital cameras imaging surface is made up of tiny individual light sensors that capture color and light information, which is then electric

51、ally concerted into digital data capture color and light information, which is then electrically concerted into digital data-the cells or pixels that make up the image. o5. Their file sizes can gobble up anywhere from 1MB5MB (thats pre - picture) and theyll fill up your drive fast.o6. Many cameras a

52、llow you to select the compression depending on the ultimate picture quality you require. Translating Skills科技英语翻译方法与技巧科技英语翻译方法与技巧机械工程专业英语解释方法机械工程专业英语解释方法(1)一、原文的理解一、原文的理解二、词义的选择二、词义的选择1.区分场合，确定词义区分场合，确定词义oThe fourth power of three is eighty one.oEnergy is the power work.译文分别为译文分别为: o三的四次方是八。三的四次方是八

53、。o能量是做功的能力。能量是做功的能力。 2. 根据词类，辨明词义o （1）Light cannot pass through opaque object.o （2）The foundry produces light castings. 分别译为: o 光不能穿过不透明的物体。o 这个铸造厂生产簿小铸件。 3. 联系上下文，活用词义o Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.原子虽小，但电子更小。 4. 按照习惯，搭配词义o A lager pressure and large current are needed to get a l

54、arge amount of water power.为了获得充足的水力，需要高的水压和强的水流。 三、词义的引申三、词义的引申1. 具体化引申具体化引申o Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构、间结构、 2. 技术引申 o Experience has shown that the application of mould coats are generally ineffective in eliminating rat

55、-tail from the casting.经验表明，应用铸型涂料对消除铸件上的鼠尾缺陷一般不起作用。 3. 修辞性引申o This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.这台机器的机构简单，但工作效率很高。 四、词性的转换四、词性的转换1.介词转换为动词介词转换为动词o The letter A is commonly used for austenite, F for ferrite, G for graphite.通常用字母通常用字母A表示奥氏体、字母表示奥氏体、字母F表示铁素表示铁素体、字母体、字母

56、G表示石墨。表示石墨。 2. 名词转换为动词或形容词o The experiment proved to be a failure.实验失败了。 3. 形容词转换其他词o This metal matrix composite is fairly recent development.这种金属基复合材料是最近开发出来的。 4. 动词转换为名词o The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.该仪器的特点是结构紧凑、携带方便。5. 副词转换为其他词o The device is shown schematic

57、ally in Fig3.图3显示了这种装置的简图。 五、词序的变动五、词序的变动六、词语的增译和减译六、词语的增译和减译1.增译语气连贯性的词增译语气连贯性的词o This question is really a technique design rather that an operation problem.这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计方面而非这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计方面而非操作方面的问题。操作方面的问题。 2.英语中表达动作意义名词的增译oCorrection and changes are made in accordance with the observed perform

58、ance.根据观察到的结果进行修正和替换。3. 英语复数名词的增译 oAfter a series of experiment important phenomena have been ascertained.经一系列实验后，查明了一些重要现象。 4.增译解说性的词oThe more complex the casting, the more difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifications, the great the financial benefit.铸件结构越复杂，合金越难熔炼；铸件使用的技术要求

59、越高，那么经济效益就越大。5. 增译概括性的词 oBoth steel iron and cast iron have the structures of eutectoid, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid.刚和铸铁都有共析、亚共析和过共析三种组织。 6.连词的减释oThese metals require a certain amount of preheating before welding and then allowed to cool slowly after the weld is completed.这些金属通常要求在焊接前进行一定的预热，在

60、焊接完成后缓慢冷却。7. 介词的减译 oThe temperature of metal moulds should always be in excess of 200.金属模的温度应经常保持在200以上。 8.冠词的减译oA liquid metal becomes a gas at or above its boiling point.在沸点或沸点以上，金属液会变成气体。oas a consequence 因此，从而oin a few words 简言之oon an average 平均来说oin the end 最后，终于omake the grade 达到标准，合乎要求ohit th