英语句子结构.pptx

1、英语句子的成分与结构什么是句子？ 字母 单词 词组 句子 段落 篇章句子的分类简单句（由一个主谓结构构成。含陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句） eg. She is a teacher. 并列句 （两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。 ） eg. I like reading and she likes it, too.复合句 (复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句

2、都属于复合句。 )暂不讲 句子由什么成分构成句子成分主语宾语定语谓语状语补语表语主语（subject） 用于说明人或事物执行某一动作，表明“谁”或“什么”。常由名词n.、代词pron.和数词num.来担任。如： 名词作主语（A boy is singing.）;代词作主语（You are so fat.）;数词作主语（Two is enough）动名词和to do 不定式（暂不讲）作主语Eg： Learning English well is very important.判断下列句中的主语I want to play football.Doing homework need to be ca

3、reful.Three is enough.Li Ming, Tom and I went to the zoo yesterday.It is useful to have an English dictionary谓语（verb）常称谓语动词 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，说明主语 “ 是什么”或“ 怎么样”。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或 情态动词+主要动词）构成。She likes toys. 她喜欢玩具。He learns English well他英语学得好。 I made a birthday cake last night. 昨晚我做好了

4、你的生日蛋糕。I dont care about you. 我不在乎你You must study hard. 你必须努力学习判断下列句中的谓语She doesnt want a cup of tea.Our school is trying to be better.A lot of students came here.You should study Chinese hard.宾语（object） 常位于及物动词后。 由名词n.、代词pron.、数词num.、不定式to do/doing或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。如： 名词作宾语 Show your passport, please.

5、 请出示护照。 He learns English well他英语学得好。 She likes toys. 她喜欢玩具。 Im interested in handwriting我对书法很感兴趣。代词作宾语 He didnt say anything. 她什么也没说。 I dont care about you. 我不在乎你。数词作宾语 How many do you want? - I want two. 你要几个？ 我要两个。 We need three together. 我总共需要三个。不定式to do 或doing作宾语 They asked to see my passport.

6、他们要求看我的护照。 I enjoy working with you. 我和你们一道工作很愉快。名词化的形容词作宾语 They sent the injured to hospital. 他们把伤员送到医院。 从句作宾语 Did you write down what he said? 你把他的话记下了没有？ 关于宾语的延伸拓展动宾搭配：英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。介宾搭配：除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外，某些形容词如worth,careful等后也可有宾语。宾语的分类宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类。即指人的间接宾

7、语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。 其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。（需要识记能够加双宾语的动词give/show/buy/ask/bring/send等）Show your ticket.Show me your ticket.判断下列句中的宾语My teacher gave me a new book.You should study Chinese hard.Can you help me to

8、 do my homework?This computer is mine.表语 (predicate)位于 “主系表”结构中，系词之后。结构：主语+系词 + 表语连系动词包括系动词be及半系动词（look/smell/sound/taste/feel/get/become /turn）表语用于表述主语的状态、特征、身份等。 可由名词n.、数词num.、代词pron.、形容词adj. to do 不定式和介词短语充当。 She is a teacher. (n.作表语) The number is two. （num.作表语） The bike is hers. （pron.作表语） It t

9、astes good.（adj.作表语） She looks nice她看上去很漂亮。（adj. 作表语） Ann is in the classroom安在教室里。（介词短语作表语） My duty is to take good care of you.补语 （complement）补语：说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。可由形容词adj.、名词n. 等充当。如： I painted the bookcase pink.我把书架刷成了粉色。 （形容词作补语） The teacher call me Lucy老师叫我露茜。（名词作补语） 定语（attribute） 用于修饰和限制名

10、词或代词的成分，表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。 多由形容词adj.、名词n.、数词 num.、代词pron.和介词短语等来充当。如：She is a beautiful girl.（adj.作定语） (注意与表语进行区分 She is beautiful.)My friend is a middle school student我的朋友是一名中学生。（n.作定语）Hes the first teacher in this school. (num.作定语)This is my school. (pron.作定语)The man with black glasses liked sweet foo

11、d（介词短语作定语）The question discussed yesterday is very important.The school which is famous here has a long history.状语（adverbial） 用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分。 用来补充说明动作或行为的状况、程度、趋向、结果、原因、时间等。常由副词、介词短语等来充当。如： Bruce speaks English very well（副词作状语） Dick lived in the country a few years ago（介词短语作状语）I will go shoppin

12、g tomorrow.He runs quickly.She has slim diets to keep fit.Tom went abroad by air. 简单句的5种基本句型1、主+谓（s+v） 在此结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词。 He runs. She listens carefully.2、主+系+表（s+v+p）在此结构中，常见的系动词包括：be动词和（look/smell/sound/taste/feel/get/become/turn）She is a teacher. (n.作表语)The number is two. （num.作表语）The bike is hers

13、. （pron.作表语）It tastes good.（adj.作表语）3、主+谓+宾(s+v+o)在此结构中，谓语动词是及物动词。因此有宾语。She saw a film. I like this book.(回顾前文谓语部分句子，判断主谓宾结构的句子)4、主+谓+间宾+直宾（s+v+o1+o2）在此结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，常见的后接双宾的动词有：give/show/buy/ask/bring/sendShe gave me a book. I send him a card. 间宾 直宾5、主+谓+宾+宾补（s+v+o+c）可作补足语的有形容词、副词、介词短语They made the

14、 girl angry.I call her Chun Lin. 课堂练习判断下面句子属于哪种结构My father bought me a story book .Give me the bag.I found him at school.Let me help you.He is a teacher.I dont like playing basketball.Mary and Tom are my friends. He runs fast and jumps high. They are writing letters. The teacher asked him a question

15、. I want him to become willing. We all saw him crying there.分析下列句子的结构与成分We are good friends.You will have a happy life in the future.I had a nice day with my family in the park today.He sends me his family photos.名 词 性 从 句名词：名词的性质：从：句:book; friend; Kate This is . is interesting.I bought today. likes

16、 the book.从属，服从，不独立句子，动词表现为时态形式同位语宾语主语表语The booka book the bookMy friendKate如果不是由news, story, question, garden这样的名词充当主语/宾语/表语/同位语，而是由一个句子替代了这个本该由名词充当的成分时，会怎样?主语 _ is true.宾语 I believe _. 表语 That is _.同位语 （对前面名词内容进行解释）I accepted _ _.Theyll visit _ _.What he talked aboutThe newshis storywhat he told m

17、ewhat he asked mehis question. that all of us should attend the meeting tomorrowhis opinion a beautiful backyard garden of BeijingHuairou为什么有时用what而有时用that?有没有规律呢？从句从句从句从句名词性从句，I dont know what we should buy.I believe that you are an honest boy.What we can do now is to work hard.That the earth is ro

18、und was not accepted 400 years ago.The problem is what should be built up at the centre of the city.His reason for his absence is that his mother got badly ill last week. 为什么有时用what而有时用that?_ _ _ _ _首先要能识别名词性从句吗答案是:从句本身缺少sth,用what替代；从句本身不缺成分，只陈述事实观点，用that引导名词性从句三部曲着眼点在于表现为有时态形式的动词（动词时态）根据有时态动词来确定主句。查看主句是否缺少本该由名词充当的成分。* 如果本该由名词充当的成分，却由一个句子来代替（其中一定有一个表现为时态形式的动词），把它定为名词性从句。然后根据主句所缺名词性成分，明确其为何种类型名词性从句。*最后根据该类型从句本身所缺成分，确定适当连结代词(副词),并放在从句句首。*主语 _ is true.宾语 I believe _. 表语 That is _.同位语 （对前面名词内容进行解释）I accepted _ _.What he talked aboutThe newshis storywhat he told mewhat he asked m