Unit09BodyLanguage知识点总结_第1页
Unit09BodyLanguage知识点总结_第2页
Unit09BodyLanguage知识点总结_第3页
免费预览已结束,剩余20页可下载查看

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、第 PAGE23 页 共 NUMPAGES23 页Unit 09 Body Language 知识点总结 Unit 09 Body Language一、常见短语 表示 “ 看 ” 的相关短语 stare at 凝视 盯着看 glance at 匆匆一看 瞥一眼 glare at 怒视 ashamed 的常用短语 be ashamed of 为.感到难为情 为.感到尴尬 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事 不情愿做某事 be ashamed that.对.感到愧疚 adjust 的常用短语 adjust.to.整.以适应.adjust to (doing) sth 适应于.ad

2、just oneself to 使自己适应于.differ 的常用短语 differ in 在.(方面)不同 differ from 与.不同 differ with sb on/over sth 在某事上与某人有不同之处 react 的常用短语 react to sth 对.做出反应 react against 反对.反抗.react on/ upon 对.产生影响 react with 与.发生化学反应 employ 的常用短语 employ sb as.雇用某人当.employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事be employed in doing sthemploy ones

3、elf in doing sthoccupy 的常用短语 occupy sb/oneself in doing sth/with sth 使某人/自己忙于(做)某事 be occupied in doing sth/with sth 忙于(做)某事favour 的常用短语do sb a favourdo a favour for sbin favour of 支持.ask sb for a favourask a favour of sbvary 的常用短语 vary from 不同于 vary from.to.从.到.有所变化 vary between.and.在.和.之间变化 vary w

4、ith 随.而变化 vary in sth (大小、形状等)不同 有别 call 的常用短语 call on/at 拜访(on 后跟人;at 后跟地点名词)叫 号召 要求 call for 要求 提倡 call in 召集 来访 call off 取消 延期 call up 给.打电话 使回忆起 征召(入伍)break 的常用短语 break down (机器)损坏 破坏 出故障 失败 垮掉 分解 break in 闯入 打断 插嘴 break into 闯入 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发 break up 分散 拆散 驱散 破裂 break off 拆开 折断 break awa

5、y from 脱离 打破 word 的常用短语 in other words 换句话说 have words with sb 与某人吵架 have a word with sb 和某人说话 beyond words 无法用言语表达break onersquo;s word 食言 keep onersquo;s word 信守诺言 in a word 总之 简言之 word for word 逐字地 distinguish 的常用短语distinguish between A and B 区别 A 和 B distinguish.from.把.从.区别开来 distinguish oneself

6、 (as) .作为.而出名 be distinguished for 因.而出名 请求某人帮忙 帮某人的忙 从事某事 忙于做某事 二、易混词(组)辨析 1.employ, hire, rent employ:长时间“雇用”,宾语多是人。employ a security officer 雇用保安 hire:短期、临时或一次性“雇用,租用”,宾语是人或物。hire a boat to go fishing 租一条船去钓鱼 rent:长时间“出租,租用”,宾语是房屋、土地等。rent a house from sb 租某人的房子 They employ casual labor to pick t

7、he fruit.他们雇用临时工摘水果。She was hired three years ago.她是三年前被录用的。She rents a house with three other girl.她和另外 3 个女孩合租了一套房子。2.stare at, glance at, glare at 易混短语 区别 例句 stare at 指盯着看,眼睛长时间盯在某个目标上,且常常带有粗鲁、茫然或不礼貌的意味 Itrsquo;s impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street.在街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。glance at 指匆匆一看,

8、瞥一眼,目光停留在目标上的时间不长 She glanced at the envelope and recognized her unclersquo;s handwriting.她瞥了一眼信封,认出了她叔叔的笔迹。glare at 指怒视,眼神往往较凶,注视着某个目标时带有威胁或恐吓的意味 She glared silently at me and didnrsquo;t shout.她默默地怒视着我,没有喊叫。三、 常见句型与表达 1.部分否定 部分否定:当含有全体意义的代词或副词如 all,each,every(及其派生词),both,always,often,entirely,whol

9、ly 等和否定词 not 连用的时候,构成部分否定,意为 “并非都.并非总是.”。Not all cultures greet each other the same way.不是所有的文化都以同样的方式互相问候 All the people didnrsquo;t arrive on schedule.Not all the people arrived on schedule.并非所有的人都按时到达。2.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义 当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时,往往不表示否定的意义,而是表示充分的肯定,也是一种强调。在比较句型中常使用 no,nobody,nothing,n

10、ever 等词表达最高级的意义。He studies harder than any other student in his class.any of the other students in his clsss all the other students in his classanyone else in his class 他在班里学习比其他任何学生都努力。4.“It+be+形容词+that.”句型 It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句。常用于此句型的形容词有 clear,true,obvious,possible,strange,likely,certain,

11、fortunate,surprising,important,necessary 等。It is surprising that he came late to school this morning.令人惊奇的是,今天早上他上学迟到了。It is certain that peoplersquo;s views on happiness are affected greatly by their own life e_perience.当然,人们对于幸福的看法,很大程度上受到他们自己生活阅历的影响。it 代替 that 引导的主语从句做形式主语的其他常见句型: It+ be+(a fact,

12、a pity,a wonder,a shame,an honour,a question 等)+ that.It is a great pity that our school band will split up after graduation.很可惜,毕业后我们学校的乐队就要解散了。It is a well-known fact that cigarettes contain many chemicals that will affect your health.香烟含有许多影响健康的化学物质,这是一个众所周知的事实。 It + be + 过去分词(said,known,announce

13、d,believed,reported,suggested,advised,required 等)+ that .It is said that different tea has different benefits, right? 据说不种的茶会有不同的益处,是吗? It is universally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。注 : 在 “ It is important/strange/necessary/.that.” 或 者 “ It is su

14、ggested/advised/ required/.that.”等句型中,从句的谓语要用“should + 动词原形”,should 可以省略。it 做形式主语,还可以代替 what,who,where,whether 等引导的主语从句。if(是否)不能引导主语从句。Itrsquo;s very important that you (should) attend every day.你每天都要出席,这很重要。It is uncertain whether he can e to my birthday party.他是否能参加我的生日聚会还不确定。 “It is + adj + to do

15、 sth”句型该句型可以拓展为两种形式:(1)“It is + adj +(for sb)to do sth”意为“(对某人来说)做某事是.的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰某件事而不是修饰人的,如 difficult,easy,hard,important,necessary,possible等。It is very important to master a foreign language.比较级 + than + any other+单数名词 any of the other+复数名词 all the other+复数名词 anyone/anything else 掌握一门外语很重要。It

16、is illegal to drive a car without a license.在没有驾照的情况下开车是不合法的。(2)“It is + adj + (of sb)to do sth”意为“(某人)做某事是.的”,此句型中的形容词是修饰人而不是修饰某件事的,如 kind,brave,clever,stupid,nice,good,silly,careful,naughty 等。It is clever of you to say so! 你这样说可真聪明! It was nice of them to invite us.他们真好,邀请了我们。5.“have sth done”结构 该

17、结构中 have 为使役动词,意为“使,让”,该结构可表示以下两种意义: 使某事被做 Wersquo;re having our car repaired.我们的车正在修理。He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理发了。 蒙受(他人所为的后果)(此事违背主语的意愿)She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠宝都被偷了 He had his leg injured in the accident.他的腿在这场事故中受伤了。注: “have sb doing sth”意为:让某人一直做某事。强调动作一直在持续。Irsquo;m sorr

18、y to have you waiting here so long.很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。 “have sb do sth”意为:让某人做某事。相当于 let/make sb do sth 或 get sb to do sth I will have him help you.我会让他帮你。6.with 的复合结构 with 的复合结构既可以做后置定语,也可以做状语。She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪告别。With prices going up so fast, we canrsquo;t afford lu_uries.由于物价

19、上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品了。She had to walk home with her bike stolen.由于自行车被偷了,她不得不步行回家。He stood before his teacher with his head down.with + 宾语(名词或代词)+ 宾语补足语 形容词/副词/介词短语 非谓语动词 动词不定式(表将来)现在分词(表主动或进行)过去分词(表被动或完成)他低着头站在老师面前。With the floor wet, I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿,我只得待在屋外。 在“with +宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中,若 with 的宾语

20、与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,则用过去分词做宾语补足语;若 with 的宾语与构成宾补的动词为逻辑上的主谓关系,则用现在分词做宾语补足语;若侧重表示将来的动作,则用不定式做宾语补足语,即使 with 的宾语与不定式中的动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式也通常用主动形式表示被动意义。7.“疑问词/whether+不定式”结构 常见的疑问词:疑问代词 who,what(无选择范围),which(有选择范围)等和疑问副词 how,when,where 等。 语法功能:在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(做主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式)。 通常用在 tell,show,understand,e_

21、plain,teach,learn,discuss 等动词后面的疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动形式。 相当于一个名词性从句,可以用对应的从句来替换。How to improve English is often discussed among the students.这些学生们经常讨论如何提高英语水平。(做主语)They are discussing where to go for the summer holiday.They are discussing where they are going for the summer holiday.他们正在讨论去哪

22、儿过暑假。(做宾语)The problem is what to eat for dinner.问题是晚饭吃什么。(做表语)I have no idea when to tell her the bad news.我不知道什么时候告诉她这个坏消息。(做同位语)The question whether to help him troubled the girl.是否要帮助他这个问题使这位女孩很苦恼。(做同位语)四、语法精解 1.what 引导名词性从句 what 常用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句用陈述语序。 what 在名词性从句中可以充当主语、表语和宾语M

23、ary is no longer what she was ten years ago.玛丽已经不是十年前的她了。(what 引导表语从句,并在从句中做表语)I have no idea what we should do ne_t.我不知道下一步我们该做什么。(what 引导同位语从句,并在从句中做宾语)What is worth doing is worth doing well.得做的事情就要做好它。(What 引导主语从句,并在从句中做主语)Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你买的东西给我看一下吗?(what 引导宾语从句,并在从句中做宾语) w

24、hat 在名词性从句中根据不同的语境有以下几种不同的含义 (1)表示“.的东西或事情”(what = the thing(s) that)Theyrsquo;ve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了他。(2)表示“.的人或.的样子”(what = the person that./the appearance of.)He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了 (3)表示“的数量或数目”(what = the amount that.)Our ine is now double what it was ten

25、 years ago.我们现在的收入是 10 年前的两倍。(4)表示“的时间”(what = the time that)After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。(5)表示“的地方”(what = the place that)This is what they call Salt Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。2.动词-ing 形式做宾语 做动词的宾语 接动词-ing 形式做宾语的常用动词(短语)有:avoidmissdelay/put off advisefi

26、nisnpractise enjoyimaginecanrsquo; t helpadmitdenyenvy escaperiske_cusestandkeepmind 避免 错过 延期 建议 完成 练习 喜欢 想象 禁不住 承认 否定 嫉妒 逃避 冒险 原谅 忍受 保持 介意 He admitted referring to his notes in the e_am.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。She canrsquo;t stand being looked down upon.她忍受不了被人看不起。Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗?

27、做介词的宾语 在下面的短语中,常用动词-ing 形式做介词的宾语:be good at, dream of, care about, be concerned about, be interested in, feel like, insist on, think of, aim at, set about 等。I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界,过上幸福的生活。注:下列短语后接动词-ing 形式,因为 to 为介词,不是不定式符号。be addicted to沉溺于;devote ones

28、elf to 献身于;look forward to期待;stick to 坚持;pay attention to 注意;be accustomed to 习惯于;be used to 习惯于;get down to 开始做;object to 反对;lead to 导致。 接动词 ing 或 to do 做宾语时意义差别不大的动词常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,hate,intend 等。Statistics show that prices will continue rising/to rise.数据显示,物价将持续上涨。What d

29、o you intend doing/to do ne_t? 你下一步打算做什么? 接动词-ing 或 to do 做宾语时意义差别较大的动词:remember/forget to do.记着/忘记要做.remember/forget doing.记着/忘记做过.regret to do.遗憾要做.regret doing.后悔做了.try to do.努力/试图做.try doing.试着做.mean to do.打算做.mean doing.意味着做.stop to do.停下来去做(另一件事)stop doing.停止做.canrsquo; t help to do.不能帮着做canrs

30、quo; t help doing.禁不住做The light in the office is still on.She forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯仍然亮着。她忘记关灯了 The light in the office is off, but she forgets turning it off.办公室的灯熄了,但她忘了自己已关了灯。They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.他们停下来,看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。They stopped working and had a rest.他们停止工作,休息了

31、一下。 用 it 做形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词-ing 形式I found it no use arguing about it.我发现争论这件事没有用。Do youou consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗? 介词 in 常可省略的几类句型(1)(2)主语 + spend time(+in)+ doing.(3)主语 + be busy(+in)+ doing .The police had much difficulty in finding out the connection between the man and the ca

32、se.警方颇费周折才查明这个人与该案的关联。The specialist spent much time ( in) observing the stars.这位专家花费了很多时间观察星星。主语 + think consider find feel believe + it + no use no good .+ doing.主语+ have trouble/difficulty a problema good/hard time (+in)+ doing. 主动形式表被动意义 need, require,want 作“需要”讲时,接动词-ing 形式做宾语,相当于不定式的被动形式。he ro

33、om needs equipping with a video camera.这个房间需要安装一台摄像机。The sick woman required e_amining/to be e_amine.这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。3.动词-ing 形式做表语 动名词(短语)做表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为,用来说明主语的内容,与主语通常是同一概念,表语和主语常可互换位置。One of his weaknesses is telling lies.Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.他的缺点之一是说谎。 现在分词(短语)做表语,表示主语的某种性质和特征,这类

34、分词通常可以看作形容词。The report is very disturbing.这个报告令人感到非常不安。 动名词(短语)与动词不定式(短语)做表语的区别 动名词(短语)做表语表示抽象的一般性的动作;动词不定式(短语)做表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。His hobby is painting.他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作)Today what he wants to do is to paint.今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作)His wish is to build up his own studio.他的愿望是成立自己的工作室。(将要发生的事)注:做表语的现在分词,许多

35、是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动作变化而来的。常见的有 moving,encouraging, e_citing, inspiring, boring,interesting,surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing 等,这类分词有 “令人.的”的含义,常修饰物。4.as if/as though 引导从句的用法 as if/as though 意为“似乎,好像”,其具体用法如下: 引导表语从句,常置于系动词 look,seem,sound 等之后。This time it looks as if wersquo;re really going t

36、o get somewhere.这一次,我们似乎真的要取得进展了。It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake.听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。 引导方式状语从句,用来修饰主句的谓语。Eliza stood up as if/though she wanted to leave.伊丽莎站起来,似乎她想要离开。注: as if/as though 引导的从句若表达的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用一般过去时(be 动词用 were)或过去完成时分别表主语+ need require

37、want + doingto be done .需要被.示对现在或过去情况的假设。Laughter brings people together and drives away all stress-related problems as if they never e_isted.笑声使人们走到一起来,驱走所有与压力相关的问题,就好像它们从来不存在似的。Jack didnrsquo;t say anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.杰克什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。当 as if/as though 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句谓语中又含有 be 动词时,从句主语和 be 动词可省略。She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.她匆忙离开房间,像是生气了。五、写作指导( 如何描述一个人的肢体语言)1.写作指导 肢体语言,又称体态语言,是人类借助和利用自己的面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态的变化来表达和传递

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论