6.名词从句-主谓一致-倒装汇总课件

1、名词从句三种句子充当具体成分本质1、用陈述句作成分（主语、宾语、表语、同位语）时，需要在陈述句首加that来引导。2、用一般疑问句作成分时，需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常语序，然后再句首加上whether或if (if只用在宾语从句中）来引导，以保留原句疑问意义。3、用特殊疑问作成分时，只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的疑问语序。4、引导名词从句的常用连词：名词从句的引导词对应句子类型是否做成分连词that陈述句在从句中不作成分连词whether, if 一般疑问句在从句在中不作成分连接副词when, where, why, how; 连接代词who, whom, what, which,

2、whose特殊疑问句When, where, why, how在从句在中作状语；Who, whom, what在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；Which, whose在句中作定语，后面接名词连用。考点1：主语从句(1) that引导主语从句句型： that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语：1) 过去分词：It is reported /believed /thought /should be noted /has been found /must be pointed out that同样可用的动词还有: say, expect, know, estimate, for

3、ecast2) 形容词：It is clear /fortunate/necessary that3) 名词短语：It is a pity /a fact /good news /a good thing /no wonder /a shame /an honor /common knowledge /my belief /a miracle that4) 不及物动词：It seems /follows /happens /turns out /comes about that5) 其他结构：It dawns upon/ on sb that; It occurs to sb that; It

4、 makes no difference that; It doesnt need to be bothered that; It is of little consequence that(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。考点2：宾语从句(1) that省略问题：一般来讲，that引导宾语从句时，可将that省去。但若是几个宾语从句并列使用，则连词that不可省去。(2) If/whether1）if 一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。2）if不和or not直接连用，即一般不说if or not。但可以说ifo

5、r not。而whether没有此限制。(3) what/whatever/whoever/whomever whoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于the person that。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that。可以理解为“先行词+that”。1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009 A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever

6、 D. However2. The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area. (2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever3. She managed to save_she could out of her wages to help her brother.2002 A. how little money B. so little money

7、 C. such little money D. what little money 4. After _seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. (1999) A. that B. there C. what D. it 5. We can assign the task to _ is capable and trustworthy. A. whomever B. who C. whom D. WhoeverACDCD考点3：表语从句(1) 表语从句通常是置于系动词，尤其是

8、is后边。1. Quality is _ counts most.2008 A. which B. that C. what D. where2. Hes _ as a “bellyacher” hes always complaining about some thing. (1999) A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known(2) 名词reason后面的表语从句一般用that引导，而不用because.CC考点4：同位语从句(1) “名词+that +陈述句”句型： 同位语从句通常是用that引

9、导，而很少用whether，if以及连接代词或连接副词引导。这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充名词的内容，而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充名词的内容。(2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether1. There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001) A. why B. that C. whether D. whenB主谓一致1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for

10、Europe this afternoon.2004 A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. Leave1) “就远原则”：在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之A一致。2. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _ going

11、 to agree upon anything today.2003 A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are3. _of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.2002 A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 2) 就近原则：neithernor, (either)or, not onlybut also, notbu

12、t等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则：谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。CCC3) a/the number of复数名词”: 表“的数量”，谓动用数；表“一些 / 许多”，谓动用复4) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 谓动单数注意：more 复数名词+than one 用复数，More members than one are against your plan.5) 由and连接的多个成分，如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓动用单数:

13、bread and butter, bread and cheese, a knife and fork, a cart and horse, needle and thread, law and order, fish and chips, meat and potatoes6) 若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well等）修饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词（真正的主语）保持一致。7) 表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词单数。8) 如

14、果主语由“the形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。9) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词通常用复数. 10) people, police, cattle, militia是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft, works单复数同形; clothes +复数动词11) 常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses,

15、 binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓动复数。12) 形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes。若politics, statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。1. The statistics_that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.2006 A

16、. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove13) the+最高级+of+n.复数+单数谓语14) a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。15) 集合名词指整体时，用单数代词；指由不同的人组成的集合时，用复数代词。Audience, couple, family, public, class, crowd, government, staff, committee, group, team, crew, company集体名词：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等总是接复数动词，而mankind, hum

17、anity接单数动词。1. Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportunities for the disabled, will publish _ proposals in the near future.2008 A.their B. our C. his D. Its16) 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。1. All the Presidents Men _ one of the important books for histor

18、ians who study the Watergate Scandal.2007 A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remainingDDB17) “数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致只与可数名词连用只接单数的Eachevery单数谓语只接复数的A couple ofSeveral, A number of复数谓语只与不可数名词连用A great deal ofA large amount of单数谓语与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用均可Not any, Some, A lot of, Plenty of, Most, all, a pair of接可数复

19、数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。倒装句考点1：全部倒装在以out, in, along, then, now, up, down, away, here, there 等副词开头的句子里。 (2) 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。考点2：部分倒装(1) Only+状语位于句首时(2) 否定副词及短语位于句首时。常考的词或词语有not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等。Little _ about her own safety, though she herself was in great dang

20、er.2009 A. she cared B. she may care C. may she care D. did she care2. On no account _ borrow money from friends, and still less_dependent on the favors of rich relatives.(1990) A. I would, I would be B. would I, I would be C. would I, would I be D. I would, would I beDC(3) 副词位于句首时，句子可部分倒装，也可不用。1. Stealthily out of the room.2004 A. The girl crept B. Crept the girl C. Did the girl crept D. Creeps the girl(4) so neither nor 位于句首时。 1. So +助动词+主语：也一样。Neither Nor +助动词+主语，表示“ 也不，也没有”。 2. So +主语+助动词：确实如此。承前肯定so只能指定一件事情，两件事情用so it is(the same) with sb2. It is going