定语从句[课件]

1、 定语从句Which one is Harry Porter? The boy _ is Harry Porter .who wears glasses定语从句Which one is Harry Porter?Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which, who, whom whose, that; aswhere, when, why 定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 The boy who / that is standing there is my brother. 先行词本身指代不明时，用来

2、限定先行词以明确其所指的从句，称限定性定语从句。 Beijing, where the 28th Olympics were held, is the capital of China. 先行词本身是专有名词或其它指代已明确的词语(通常表示独一无二的人/物)，从句只起附加说明的作用，前面加逗号，可省略。二、用法: These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先行词是人关系代词: who whom whose that which先行词是非人 These are the students who / that won the f

3、irst place last year.that限定性定语从句关 系 代 词 用 法 表 解 先行词主语宾语表语定语人who / that(whom / that)thatwhose非人(物、事、时间、地点、原因)which / that(which / that)thatwhose人 / 物 that(that)thatwhosesuch / the same + n.asasaswhose 先行词被the / this / that these / those same修饰时若指的就是同一人或物，则用that：e. g. Youve made the same mistakes that

4、 you made last time.which指人的特殊用法 当先行词指一种职业或表示性格、身份、地位、品德素质或婴儿时或先行词是集合名词且引导词在从句中作主语而从句动词是单数时用which。e. g. He is a writer, which is respectable. Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北） Pat is quite different from the man which I thought him to be. He is the man which he was. He ta

5、lked like a scholar which he hardly was. Mr. Smith pretended to be a professor which helped him much. He is a gentleman which his brother isnt. She is a successful actress which gets her high fame. Yesterday her sister had a baby which was a girl. I take great pride in the Chinese people which has a

6、 long history, a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition. Do you know the family which lives upstairs?关 系 副 词 用 法 表 解 先行词时间状语地点状语原因状语时 间when at / in / on which 地 点 where at / in / on which 原 因 why for which注意：where的先行词可以是以物表地点的词语；先行 词被the same修饰且在从句中作地点状语时用 where。e. g. His wallet is on the

7、 chair where he sat. We will start at the point where we left off. He went to the very same place where he found the tiger. (= at which) where引导的定语从句除用于表地点的先行词外，还用于其它先行词activity, case, , job, occasion, point, position, stage, state, situation甚至表示 “物”的先行词，但引导词代替先行词在从句中必须作地点状语。where引导的从句的特殊用法e. g. Eng

8、lish is a language where each word has a fixed position. Is this the library where you borrowed the book? We have reached a point where a change is needed. The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and tal

9、k. Youve put me in a position where Ill achieve nothing. Whatever is left over may be put into the fridge, where it will keep for two or three weeks.舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。今天我们将讨论初学英语的人不能恰当使用英语的情况。所有邻居都羡慕这家人，这家人家里的小孩和父母建立起了友好的关系。这是一种可以很好地使用你的技能的工作。Thats a job where your skills can be put to good use.Danci

10、ng is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. Today, well discuss cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. All the neighbours admire this family, where the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.1. 指人的引导词的用法 who 作定语从句的主语或宾语(非正式) Do you know the fa

11、mily who always quarrel among themselves? Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南) whom 作定语从句的宾语，指人 Who is the person (whom) you admire most.She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. (2

12、009宁夏、海南)whom在从句中可作动词宾语或介词宾语，指人。 whose 作从句定语, 表示物主，用于人或物 The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination. (2011新课标) The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011四川) Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain wei

13、ght quickly. (2010北京) Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (2010山东) The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西) that 可作从句的主语和宾语, 指人或物 The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略 The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is

14、 a worker.2. 指物的引导词的用法 which 同that一样, 作从句的主语或宾语但不用于人 。I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主语作宾语可省略She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other(2011福建) Gun control is a

15、 subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陕西)3. 只能用that的情况 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等指事物不定代词作先行词时 I refuse to accept t

16、he blame for something that was someone elses fault. (2010全国) 先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much 等修饰时。 My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (2010湖北) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。This is the very book that belongs t

17、o him. 句首已有who或which时 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday. 当先行词同时指人和物时 Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books that were popular then. There are four desks in

18、the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 主句是there be句型时China isnt the country that it used to be. He is not the man that he used to be. 关系代词在从句中作表语时 This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday. 先行词是“be”后的表语时不用that的情况 引导非限定性定语从句时 紧接在介词后不能用e. g. We depend on the l

19、and from which we get our food. 先行词部分有that或those时作定语的关系代词的辨析引导词在 从 句 中 用 法which 代替指代前面已明确的特定的物 (含时间、地点等) 对其进行说明, 并表示“这”而非物主。whose 代替特定的人或物 (指物或抽象概念时可以同of which互换), 对先行词进行限定或补充说明，表示物主。“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定 语 从 句4. “介词 +关系代词” (介词提前) 指人 用whom, 指物用whiche. g. Is this the car for which you paid a high price? Ha

20、ve you finished the book on which youve been working? The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. The only subject of which he is fond is maths. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army. Ill never forget the year in which I went abroad. Where

21、 is the boy for whom you bought a camera? Where is the boy with whom you are working? Where is the boy by whom your son was saved? “介词 + 关系代词”中的介词的判定依据1：与从句中的谓语动词的搭配 “介词 + 关系代词” 中的介词的判定依据2：与从句中的形容词的搭配 “介词 + 关系代词”中的介词的判定依据3：与从句限定的先行词的搭配 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return

22、 in the near future. (2010山东) The newly built caf, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏) Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (2011湖南) She showed the visitors around the museum, the

23、 construction of which had taken more than three years. (2011江西) “介词 + 关系代词”限定性定语从句“介词 + 关系代词” 能引导限定性和非限定性从句。引 导 词 用 法 表 解引导词指 代充当的成分人非人句子主语宾语表语定语状语 whowhomwhichthatwhoseas I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading for an hour. That was in 1929, since when things have been better. 当先行词是指时间的介词短语

24、而引导词在从句中作介词宾语时用when代替前面的先行词。 先行词表示地点，若引导词代词指地点的某个名词或名词短语在从句中作状语表示 “从那里”时，引导词用from which；而当引导词代替前面的的表示地点的介词短语或副词且表示“从那里”时，则用from where。whenwherewhy 在限定性从句中用于被such, the same等修饰的先行词后。 The window from which prisoners can escape were blocked. Soon his head appeared out of one of the second-storey windows

25、 from where he could see nothing but trees. Alice stood in front of the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing basketball. Look over there! Some people are standing under the big tree, from where you can enjoy the whole view. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is

26、named after his grandfather. (2010全国) Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山东) Theyve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. (09辽宁) My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him. (09全国) Mary was much kinder to Jack

27、 than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京) After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川) Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北）非限定性定语从句 which是引导非限定性从句的一个最常见也最常考的词，是关系

28、代词，在从句中作主语、宾语甚至表语，代替先行词、主句或主句的一部分。先行词主句主句的一部分表语非限定性定语从句特 点：1 引导词不用that和why(用for which代替)2 引导词不能省略3 修饰的可以是词语或主句或主句的一部分，对所修 饰的部分进行补充说明4 先行词是表示独一无二的词(人、物、时间、地点、 组织、机构等等)5 which引导的非限定性从句不能放在句首6 代替指人的先行词在从句中作宾语时只能用whom指人的关系代词引导的非限定性的形容词从句引导词在 从 句 中 用 法who代替指代已明确的特定的人或对先行词进行补充说明，作主语、宾语 (不能省略)。whom代替指代已明确的

29、特定的人或对先行词进行补充说明，作 (动词或介词)宾语 (不能省略)。whose代替指代已明确的特定的人或物(指物或抽象概念时可以同of which互换)的先行词对先行词进行补充说明，作定语表示物主。指物的关系代词引导的非限定性的形容词从句引导词在 从 句 中 用 法which(常考点) 代替指代已明确的特定的物 (特殊情况下可以指人的职业、性格、身份、地位、品德等) 或对前面的句子中的部分或整体进行说明, 作主语、宾语和定语(用来指前面提及的事/物并表示“这”时在从句中作定语)，不能置于句首。as 可能位于句首、句中或句末, 一般用逗号与主句隔开， 代替整个主句或主句的一部分并对其进行补充说明，主要用作主语