英语专业写作解析课件

1、Unit 2 Descriptive EssaysEXPECTED DUTY REPORTWHO?Warm-up：Questions and tasks1. What is descriptive writing?2. Why do we use descriptive writing? 3. How do we write description?4. Sample analysis & study.DeliciousTastyYummyGoodFinger-licking good What is descriptive writing?Description is to paint in

2、 the mind of the reader an image or a series of images by means of language.The purposes of descriptive writing The purpose of a purely descriptive essay is to 1. involve the reader enough so he or she can actually visualize the things being described. 2. make narration or exposition more lively, co

3、lorful and exciting when combined with them.The essential features of a descriptive essay Using words to paint pictures and giving readers a certain impression of a specific person, place or thing;Providing information about 5 “w”s;Displaying a writers impression of a specific person, thing or place

4、 through the senses of sight, taste, smell, hearing and touch; organizing the information logically by using words/phrases of space and time as transitions.SnapdragonGrommet dressHouse of matchesSatin bonnetHow to develop an essay of description effectively?1. A descriptive essay is generally develo

5、ped through sensory details.The impressions of ones sensessight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.Example 1:describing a placeTelling: The room was vacant.Showing: The door opened with a resounding echo that seemed to fill the house. Cobwebs once attached flowed freely in the air as the open door br

6、ought light to a well worn floor. The light gave notice to the peeling paint on the walls and to the silhouettes（轮廓） once covered by pictures. The new air gave life to a stuffiness that entrapped the room. Faded and torn white sheets covered once new furniture now drowning in dust.The door opened wi

7、th a resounding echo that seemed to fill the house.Sensehearing Cobwebs once attached flowed freely in the air as the open door brought light to a well worn floor.SensesightThe light gave notice to the peeling paint on the walls and to the silhouettes（轮廓） once covered by pictures.SensesightThe new a

8、ir gave life to a stuffiness that entrapped the room.SensesmellFaded and torn white sheets covered once new furniture now drowning in dust.SensesightThe door opened with a resounding echo that seemed to fill the house. Cob webs once attached flowed freely in the air as the open door brought light to

9、 a well worn floor. The light gave notice to the peeling paint on the walls and to the silhouettes（轮廓） once covered by pictures. The new air gave life to a stuffiness that entrapped the room. Faded and torn white sheets covered once new furniture now drowning in dust.Senses used:Hearing-sight-smell-

10、sightHow to develop an essay of description effectively?2. A descriptive essay has one, clear dominant impression.E.g. describing a snowfall- let your reader know if it is threatening or lovely, dangerous or peaceful; Example 2 A boy with ragged (tattered, torn) clothes rushed through the deserted s

11、treet, whose footsteps echoed several blocks away. A fair-haired boy runs through the peaceful morning street giggling all the way. (mysterious)(happy)How to develop an essay of description effectively?3. Use details specific adjectives, adverbs, and vivid verbs, consistent with the dominant impress

12、ion.Brief Introduction to the NovelTitle: A Christmas CarolAuthor: Charles DicksonPlot: The story tells of Ebenezer Scrooges ideological, ethical, and emotional transformation after the supernatural visits of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. Example 3: A descr

13、iption of Mr. Scrooge in A Christmas CarolThe cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice. A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows, and his wiry

14、 chin. He carried his own low temperature always about with him; he iced his office in the dog-days; and didnt thaw it one degree at Christmas. 他内心的冷酷使老朽的躯体蒙上一层寒霜，冻伤了他尖挺的鼻梁，冻皱了他的双颊、冻僵了他步伐，并使他双眼通红、薄唇发紫，连他的沙哑的声音所说出来的话语，也十分冰冷刺骨。他的头顶、眉骨及瘦削的下巴上，都覆盖着白皑皑的寒霜。那股寒意总是与他如影随形，即使是盛夏，他也可以让办公室的气温降至冰点，甚至是圣诞节，情形依旧如此。

15、 Word Choice HelpP34-35sight wordstouch wordshearing wordssmell wordstaste wordsHow to develop an essay of description effectively?4. Use figures of speech to make the description more powerful.Common figures of speech are simile (like/as), metaphor and personification and so forth(p24).Example 4: A

16、 description of Mr. Scrooge in A Christmas CarolOh! But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner! Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire; secret and self-contained, and so

17、litary as an oyster. 噢！但石顾己可是一个要从石头里榨出油来的人哪！石顾己啊！一个又挤、有捞、有刮、又贪、又抠的老奸巨滑！他犹如有硬又尖的打火石，没有任何钢棒可以打出慷慨的火花；而且，他又宛若牡蛎一般神秘、封闭且孤僻。How to develop an essay of description effectively?5. Use examples.Example 5: A description of Mr. Scrooge in A Christmas CarolNobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gla

18、dsome looks, My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me? No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was oclock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge.人们在大街上碰到石顾己，从不会和颜悦色地向他寒暄：亲爱的石顾己，你好吗？什么时候你要来我家

19、坐坐？没有乞丐会向他乞求微薄的施舍，也没有孩童会询问他时间，更从未有人向他问路。How to develop an essay of description effectively? Q: What impression have you formed on Mr. Scrooge? stingy, old, solitary, cold, hard, heartless, uncaring, unkind Comment: If you know the plot of the novel, you will realize that Dickens has achieved his ori

20、ginal purpose by portraying such a figure.The plot of the novelThe tale begins on Christmas Eve seven years after the death of Scrooges business partner Jacob Marley. Scrooge is established within the first chapter as a greedy and stingy businessman who has no place in his life for kindness, compass

21、ion, charity, or benevolence. After being warned by Marleys ghost to change his ways, Scrooge is visited by three additional ghosts each in its turn who accompany him to various scenes with the hope of achieving his transformation. 6. Try moving your reader through space and time chronologically. E.

22、g. to describe a train ride: from start to destinationa stream: from its source to the point at which it joins the river.P36 transitions = space & time sequenceHow to develop an essay of description effectively?7. Use a then-and-now approach to show decay, change, or improvement. E.g. The house wher

23、e you grew up might now be a rambling shack. The variations are endless.P36 comparison and contrast wordsHow to develop an essay of description effectively?8. A descriptive essay can be objective or subjective.E.g., ones dog an objective descriptionmention such facts as height, weight, coloring and

24、so forth. A subjective descriptioninclude the above details, also stress the authors feeling toward the dog, as well as its personality and habits.How to develop an essay of description effectively?In-class discussionRead the sample My Childhood House on page 29 and fulfil task:1. What is the thesis

25、 statement？2. Tell the structure of the passage and the main points of each part;3. What impression do you have on the passage?4. How is the passage organized? Spatial or chronological?5. Retell and try to draw a picture of the passage.Introduction: the opening and the thesis statement( dominant imp

26、ression and the points to be developed); background information, reason, cause, situation; begins with an anecdote, an example, a definition, or a question.Body: to describe in a spatial order or chronological order; transitional words or figurative language should be used.Conclusion: restate the do

27、minant impression, reemphasize the points developed in the body or draw a summary.Structure of a descriptive essaySummaryTo write a successful descriptive essay:1. concrete, sensory details of five senses to communicate its point; 2. no unrelated details;3. show emotions: use more verbs, adverbs, an

28、d adjectives than nouns & use examples;4. have an attitude in the dominant impression unless objective.Dos and donts in a descriptive essayPage 29Another exampleGecko! Gecko!In downtown New York, at a somewhat trashy apartment, there lived a man named Howard. He was a young man, in his mid-twenties,

29、 and had a terrible fear of cockroaches. Well if youve been to New York, and maybe live or stayed in a rundown hotel, you know how many cockroaches there are. Too many to count!Howie had just come home from work and was looking for a bit of relaxation. All he wanted to do was get a bowl of ice cream

30、, sit down and read the newspaper. He started raiding the messy cabinets and sink to look for a bowl and a spoon. He found the bowl, got out the ice cream and opened a drawer to get the spoon when, Surprise! Out jumps a big juicy cockroach. After jumping twenty feet in the air and grabbing a spoon o

31、ut of the drawer, he sat down to calm himself. God forsaken roaches! he yelled, while slowing his heartbeat, just as another cockroach crawled between his feet. Theres got to be something I can do to get rid of them. Just then, as he was getting his ice cream and reading ads in the paper, one specif

32、ic ad caught his eye. Got Roaches? We have a solution! Come down to Sams Pet Club today and get yourself the natural predator of the roaches, a Gecko!Howie had just come home from work and was looking for a bit of relaxation. All he wanted to do was get a bowl of ice cream, sit down and read the new

33、spaper. He started raiding the messy cabinets and sink to look for a bowl and a spoon. He found the bowl, got out the ice cream and opened a drawer to get the spoon when, Surprise! Out jumps a big juicy cockroach. After jumping twenty feet in the air and grabbing a spoon out of the drawer, he sat do

34、wn to calm himself. God forsaken roaches! he yelled, while slowing his heartbeat, just as another cockroach crawled between his feet. Theres got to be something I can do to get rid of them. Just then, as he was getting his ice cream and reading ads in the paper, one specific ad caught his eye. Got R

35、oaches? We have a solution! Come down to Sams Pet Club today and get yourself the natural predator of the roaches, a Gecko!“What in the world? Howard thought. He read on: Thats right! A gecko! Follow the directions below to get your very own live cockroach eliminator! Then ask our friendly staff how

36、 to care for and what to do to get rid of your cockroaches. Ya right. That gecko will probably eat me while I sleep. he said as yet another roach scuttled across the floor. He felt sick. He thought it was worth a try, so the very next day he followed the directions on the ad to the pet store.He aske

37、d about the geckos and the staff told him what to do with a gecko and how much they were and, soon enough, he was driving home with his very own gecko. Great, he thought yet another little critter that is going to be loitering around in my house. He got home and did just as the woman at the store told him to do, and let the gecko go. He saw the gecko run under the refrigerator after the nearest cockroach it saw. Well, at least he is doing his job. he said after he heard the loud GECKO, GECKO, sound that geckos make when they swallow. In-Class Exercise : describing foo