2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮人教新课改省份专用讲义系统突破语法专题专题三形容词与副词含答案

1、专题三形容词与副词形容词和副词的原级1用法(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as形容词/副词的原级as”“as形容词an单数名词as”“asmany/much复数名词/不可数名词as”的结构；HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter(is)HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is)亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。(2)表示双方不相等时，用“notso/as形容词/副词的原级as”的

2、结构；Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.亨利的书不如我的多。名师指津as形容词as数量词数量词形容词Thebuildingisastallas100meters.Thebuildingis100meterstall.这幢楼有100米高。2as.as结构前可用almost,exactly,half,just,nearly,quite等修饰，表示程度。Letswalk.Itsjustasquickastakingthebus.咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：单音节词和少数双音节词其他双

3、音节词和多音节词词形分类及变化构成一般加-er或-est以不发音的e结尾的，只加-r或-st以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est以“辅音字母y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est在前面加more或most原级tallstrongnicelatebighotthinfathappyeasyearlydifficultbeautiful比较级tallerstrongernicerlaterbiggerhotterthinnerfatterhappiereasierearliermoredifficult，morebeautiful最高级tallests

4、trongestnicestlatestbiggesthottestthinnestfattesthappiesteasiestearliestmostdifficult，mostbeautiful名师指津有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very等。(2)不规则变化：原级good/wellbad(badly)/illmany/muchlittle比较级betterworsemoreless最高级bestworstmost

5、leastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest名师指津farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。eldersister姐姐；elderbrother哥哥。2比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”结构。Thiscomputerislessexpensivethanmine.这部电脑没有我的贵。表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the比较级.,the比较级.”，

6、意为“越就越”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.比thananyone/anything比较级复数名词他越忙就越感到高兴。不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。表示“和一样不”时，用“no比较级than”结构。YouarenotallerthanI你和我一样矮。“the比较级ofthetwo名词”表示“两个中较的那个”。Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是

7、我的哥哥。(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式否定式谓语比较级比较级thananyother单数名词比较级thanalltheother复数名词较级elsethananyoftheother比较级thantherestof复数名词或不可数名词Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Icantagreemore.我完全同意。HeisbetteratEnglishthananythingelse.他最擅长英语。Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentintheclass.Everymor

8、ninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsintheclass.Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsintheclass.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittl

9、e,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3最高级的用法(1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)oneof形容词最高级名词复数Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词形容词最高级名词Africaistheseco

10、ndlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。(4)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。Idliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津byfar通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.这本书要比那本书好得多。Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.他是两兄弟中较高

11、的那一个。命题点感悟单句语法填空(2018全国卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears_(long)thannon-runners.解析：longer根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。(2018全国卷)Hescreamsthe_(loud)ofall.解析：loudest根据空前的the以及空后的ofall可知此处应用最高级。(2018浙江6月高考)Therecouldbeaneven_(high)costonyourhealth.解析：higher此处表

12、示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。(2017浙江11月高考)Oneofthe_(effect)waystobuildvocabularyistoreadgoodbooks.解析：effective/mosteffective空格处作ways的定语故用形容词形式，effective意为“有效的”。此处也可用最高级，表示“最有效的方式之一”。(2017浙江6月高考)Sixteenyears_(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.解析：earlier固定表达sixteenyearsea

13、rlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。(2017全国卷)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even_(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析：worse根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，evenworse表示“更糟糕的是”。(2016全国卷)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepb

14、ackandidentify倍数the名词size，length，width，height等of(识别)thoseof_(great)andlessimportance.解析：greater根据后面的“andless”可知，此处也要用比较级形式。(2016全国卷)Theywerealsothebestand_(bad)yearsinmylife.解析：worst由并列连词and前面的“thebest”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。倍数表达法常用的倍数表达法：倍数as形容词/副词的原级as倍数形容词/副词的比较级than倍数what从句Ourclassroomisthreetimesasla

15、rgeastheirs.Ourclassroomisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。Thelengthofroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。常见的易混词beside在旁边(或附近)late迟的，晚的ago以前(以现在为起点)somewhere某处high在高处；高wide广阔地；充分地deep深深地free免费地close接近；紧挨着hard努力地near在附近besides此外，而且later

16、后来，以后latest最近的，最新的before以前(以过去为起点)everywhere到处highly高度地；很；非常widely广泛地；普遍地deeply深刻地；深沉地freely自由地；畅通地closely仔细地；紧密地hardly几乎不nearly几乎，差不多命题点感悟单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Afewminutes_(late),theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.解析：later“一段时间late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”，故填later。(2017全国卷)_(bes

17、ide),theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.解析：Besides句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。besides“此外”，是副词。(2017全国卷)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferentkindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthe_(late)musicalbums.解析：latest根据语境可知，“thelatestmusicalbums”表示“最新的音乐专辑”，故应用latest。(2014全国卷)Nearlyfiveyears_，andw

18、iththehelpofourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.解析：ago此处表示在说话时之前，故应填ago。专题过关训练.单句语法填空1Indeed,travellingaroundthiscountrywilltruly(true)giveyouanamazingexperiencebecauseofitsinterestingthingsofferedtoalltypesoftourists.2Films,books,magazines,etc.giveusdaily(day)amuseme

19、nt.3Insome_crowded(crowd)cities,thecarhaspollutedtheairsobadlythatpeoplegetsickjustfrombreathingit.4Forexample,itisthoughtthatmanyphysicalproblemsandotherconditionsaremadeworse(bad)byanincreasedlevelofstress.5MostcomputerapplicationsareinEnglish,soyouwillunderstandthembetter(good)6Thebetterwegetinto

20、goodeatinghabits,the_happier(happy)ourlifewillbecome.7Howmuchmore_beautiful(beautiful)shelookedwithoutherglasses!8Dr.BaronewasmydoctorwhenIwasakid,andeventhoughIwasprobablyjustanotherpatienttoher,tomeshewasmore(much)thanjustmydoctor.9However,justseveraldayslater(late),Ibegantofeeltiredandcouldntconc

21、entrateinclass.10ThemoreIlearnEnglish,theeasier(easy)itbecomes.11Sincehisfamilywasricher(rich)thanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.12Iamawfullytired(tire),butIknowIllneverfallasleep.13E-hongbaoisactually(actual)akindofluckymoneyfromandtorelativesandfriendsduringfestivalsoronspecialoccasions.14Itisimportan

22、ttohaveaclearly(clear)definedsetofrolesandresponsibilitiesforeachmember.运用语法写靓句1终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive,tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_tired_and_hungry.2我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill,better)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?3我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)I_think_English_is_much_ea

23、sier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.4说着容易做着难。(carryout)Its_easier_said_than_carried_out._5现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment,byfar)At_the_moment,_learning_English_well_is_by_far_the_most_important_thing_for_you._6因特网在人们日常生活中起着重要作用。(play)TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinpeoplesdailylife.语法填空(2019烟台模拟)H

24、ighinthickbambooforestsinthemisty,_1_(rain)mountainsofsouthwesternChina_2_(live)oneoftheworldsrarestmammals:thegiantpanda,alsocalledthepanda.Onlyabout1,000oftheseblack-and-white_3_(relative)ofbearssurviveinthewild.Pandaseatalmostnothing_4_bambooshootsandleaves._5_(occasion)theyeatotherplants,fish,orsmallanimals,butbambooaccounts_6_99percentoftheirdiets.Pandaseatfast;theyeatalot,andtheyspendabout12hoursaday_7_(do)it.Thereasonisthattheydigestonlyabouta_8_(five)ofwhattheyeat.Overall,bambooisnotverynutritious.Tostayhealthy,theyhavetoeatalotupto15