经济学原理i06秋季期中2仅试题版

1、经济学原理 I(2006 年秋季学期)期中2(A卷)(2006/12/6)学术部温馨提示：此处为仅有题目版本，适合对照完全版中使用。可以将此版本打印并配合答题纸实况。注意:中文回答即可(留学生可用英文)。请将所有题目的写在答题册上并标明 A、B 卷,写在本试题纸上一律无效。结束后,试题纸和答题册一并上交。一、判断题(判断并简明理由,必要时可以用图形。每题4分,共32分)1、为了让大学生们地欣赏到古典音乐,要求古典音乐会的经营者对大学生实行规 定的低票价。这一政策能够达到预想的目的。2、在销售的耐克鞋很多是生产的,制造商向中国支付的工资比开厂。低 得多。不论从哪个国家的利益着想,都应该耐克公司3

2、. Since taxing on an imported goods can both raise tax revenue for theernment and raiseemployment for producingt goods, it must be a good policy.4、离岸外包(即企业将部分的中间生产交由国外完成)损害了本国利益,而消费 者又没有得到好处,因此导致了一个国家在国际贸易中整体上受损。5. A negative externality is solved only ifrson engaging in an activityt reduthe well-be

3、ingof a bystander has ceased to dot.6. When deciding whether to levy a corrective (Piian) tax on consumers or producers, theernment should be careful to levy the tax on the side of the market generating the externality.7、环境保规定:“征收的准排污费必须用于污染的防治,不得挪作他用。” 这一规定很有可能是无效率的。8. Wealthy citizens should pay h

4、igher taxesfor tax equity.n poor ones, even if we follow the benefits principle二、选择题(每题3分,共24分。每题只有一个正确。)1、在计划经济时代,许多商品经常短缺。在市场经济时代,人们通常能够买到需要的商品。 这是因为:A 计划经济时代比市场经济时代的生产能力更低B 计划经济时代比市场经济时代的消费水平更高C 市场经济时产者的道德更加高尚,处处为消费者着想D 市场价格引导了生产者和需求者的自利行为,达到人们满意的程度2. The demand for food is quite inelastic. Compa

5、red with other goods, taxing food can often:A.raise more tax revenue, cause less deadweight loss and improve vertical-equityB. raise more tax revenue, cause less deadweight loss and damage vertical-equityC. raise more tax revenue, cause more deadweight loss and damage vertical-equityD.raise less tax

6、 revenue, cause more deadweight loss and improve vertical-equity3. A series of earthquakes and mudslidesexico destroy the avocado crop, raising the world priceof avocados. Canada is a nationt imports avocados, and Honduras is a nationt exportsavocados. In Canada, consumerse; producerse; and the nati

7、on as a wholeesproducers. In Honduras, consumerse and the nation as a wholees. ;e;A. worse off; better off; worse off. worse off; better off; better off.B. worse off; better off; better off. worse off; better off; better off.C. worse off; better off; worse off; better off; worse off; better off.D. w

8、orse off; worse off; worse off; better off; better off; better off.4. The U.S.the United S Japan,this voernmens at times prered Japan to “votarily” limit the sale of Japacars ines. Compared witariff which achieves the samber of cars imported fromtary limiion policy will make the U.S. consumers the U

9、.S. producers;the U.S.ernment ; and the U.S. as a wholeA.worse off; worse off; worse off; worse offB. better off; worse off; not changed; better offC. not changed; not changed; worse off; worse offD. not changed; not changed; not changed; not changed5、春节期间燃放人。你认为合适的能够给周围居民带来节日的喜庆气氛,但也带来污染,甚至伤及政策应该是:

10、他A 放任不管(“允许燃放”)B 完全(“禁放”)C 只允许在人烟稀少处(如城郊)燃放(有限“开禁”)D出面在安全地方燃放,让居民观赏到6、支持对参观者较多的国家公园收取较高门票的理由是:A. 参观者较多使得需求增加;价格上升帮助达到新的有效率结果B. 参观者较多加剧了“搭便车”问题,较高门票才能使得国家公园得到提供C. 参观者较多加剧了“共有地悲剧”问题,较高门票才能遏制国家公园过度使用D. 国家公园是自然者,经营者提高门票可以赚取更高的利润7、中国在上世纪九十年代经历了大批,其中相当一部分提前进入了退休者行列。假定每个在岗支付的用于满足社会当前需要的退休金的税额不变,而所有退休金也必须完全

11、从该项中支付。则这一事件会导致:A 退休金的社会总支出不变,退休者的收入下降B 退休金的社会总支出不变,退休者的收入不变C 退休金的社会总支出下降,退休者收入不变D 退休金的社会总支出下降,退休者的收入以更大的比例下降8、中国把个人所得税的起征点(即免税额)从 800 元提高到 1600 元,而税率均不变。则这一政策对公平的影响是:A 所有人的平均税率下降,穷人的下降B 所有人的平均税率下降,富人的下降C 所有人的平均税率同等程度下降D 穷人的平均税率下降,富人的平均税率上升三、问答题(共 4 小题,44 分)1、住房市场与政策(11 分)考虑两个不同的住房市场:“别墅”市场与“公寓”市场。在

12、别墅市场上的买者是富人, 在公寓市场上的买者是穷人。认为别墅市场的销售量太大,而公寓市场的销售量太小, 影响了穷人的利益,从而决定对别墅市场征税。(1)分别画出这两个市场没有征税时的供求均衡图形。(1分)(2)假定对别墅市场征税没有对公寓市场产生任何影响。征税政策使得别墅市场的买者(富人)和卖者(别墅建筑商)的处境变好了还是变坏了?(1 分)(3)假定征税导致了富人转向公寓(实际上,他们可以多套公寓,以替代 宽敞的别墅);但别墅建筑商无法转向公寓市场。这对公寓市场产生怎样的影 响?用图形表示。公寓市场的价格如何变化?和没有征税时相比,住房市场有 任何一类买者变好了吗?能够肯定各类买者整体上变好

13、还是变坏吗?有任何一 类建筑商变好了吗?能够肯定各类卖者整体上变好还是变坏吗?能够肯定所有 市场参与者整体上变好还是变坏了吗?解释之。(4分)(4)现在假定另一种情况,即征税使得别墅建筑商转向生产公寓;而别墅的买者却 不愿意转而公寓市场(他们等待也不愿意)。这对公寓市场产生怎 样的影响?用图形表示。公寓市场的价格如何变化?和没有征税时相比,住房 市场有任何一类买者变好了吗?能够肯定各类买者整体上变好还是变坏吗?有 任何一类建筑商变好了吗?能够肯定各类卖者整体上变好还是变坏吗?能够肯 定所有市场参与者整体上变好还是变坏了吗?解释之。(4 分)(5)如果除了对别墅市场进行征税外,还对公寓市场进行补

14、贴。这是否会对穷 人更有利?对效率的影响又是什么?(1 分)2.ernational Trade and Sol Welfare (10 pos)Ame the United Ses is an importer ofevis and there are no trade restrictions. U.S.consumers buy 1 million600,000 are imported.evis per year, of which 400,000 are produced domestically anda.Supeechnological advance among Japaevi

15、manufacturers causes the worldprice ofevis to fall by $100. Draw a graph to show how this change affects the welfare ofU.S. consumers and U.S. producers and how it affects total surplushe United Ses. (3 pos)b.After the fall in price, U.S. consumers buy 1.2 millionevis, of which 200,000 are producedd

16、omestically, and 1 million are imported. Calculated the change in consumer surplus, producersurplus, and total surplus from the price reduction. (3 pos)c.If theernment responded by putting a $100 tariff on importedevis, what would this do?Calculate the revenuet would be raised and the deadweight los

17、s. Would it be a good policyfrom the standpoof U.S. welfare? Who might support this policy? (3 pos)d.Supe the fall in price is caused by a $100 subsidy put oneviindustry by Japaernment, rathern a technological advance. Does this affect yourysis? (1 po)3. Food Subsidies (10 pos)In years when there we

18、re bad harvests in nineteenth-century England the rich would providecharitable assistance to the poor by buying up the harvest, consuming a fixed amount of the grain, andselling the remainder to the poor alf the price they paid for it.(1)Lets focus on graarket for the poor only, and consider it with

19、out food subsidies. Afterthe harvest and after the rich consumes a fixed amount, what would the supply curve for the poorlook like? Draw ithe price-ty coordinate system. (1 po)(2)The demand curve for the poor is downward sloas usual. Draw ithe same coordinatesystem. Show the market equilibrium and l

20、abel the equilibrium price as p*. Does this equilibriumprice also balance total demand (i.e., demand by both the poor and rich) and total supply (i.e., the harvest)? (1 po)(3)Consider the rich buys up the harvest, consumes fixed amount, and sells the remainder to thepoor at the same, instead of half

21、, price they paid for it. Supe the ricows the demand curvefor the poor and they do not want to have exs amount of grain. How much will the poor payfor the grain compared with p*? Explain. (2 pos)(4)Now consider the food subsidies. At any price the rich paid frain, the poor will only have topay half

22、the price. Draw a demand curve for the poor, given any price the rich paidmarket. (2 pos)he grain(5)Using the new demand curve for the poor, show the new market equilibriumhe coordinatesystem. What price will the rich pay? What price will the poor pay? (3 pos)(6) Will the poor benefitet hurt from th

23、e food subsidies? How would it affect the rich? Theoriginal sellers of grain? (1 po)4、科斯定理与体育经济学(13 分)岛上有两支沙滩排球队“美丽海滩”和“温暖阳光”。两支球队通过比赛收取门票来。赛制规定,获胜的一方获得七成(70%)的门票总收入,失利的一方获得三成(30%)的门票总收入;各队得到的门票收入在两名队员间平分。每个赛季共打 100赛。在每个赛季结束后,各队仅有一名队员利进行转会;当然,最终也可以选择不转会。在刚刚过去的一个赛季,“美丽海滩”队的两名队员(Alan)和(Albert)实 力均明显高于“温暖阳光”队的两名队员戴尔(Dale)和(David)。因此比赛总是前者 获胜。这种赛的门 票收入是 100“一边倒”的局面使得观众个贝壳(贝壳是该岛的货币,导致了较低的门票收入每)。观众希望看到势均力敌的比赛,为此他们 愿意支付更高的门票价格,这能使得门票总收入上升到 116 个贝壳