必修五第一单元知识点

1、 The 3rd Period Language points & ExercisesP42.Using Words And Expressions1. In the twenty-first century, educated people find it difficult to believe that living conditions in the nineteenth century _ people _ serious illnesses. The reports of many doctors _ illness _ drinking polluted water. Howev

2、er, one hundred years ago people did not connect a disease to the environment. So they did not _ the companies that supplied dirty water. The doctors found that the dirtier the water, the more _ the illness. It was only later when people began to _ the water and _ its quality that they_ the idea tha

3、t cholera was _ from the air. It was only when everybody began to attack the dirty conditions that cholera was _ and was not a problem any more.exposeexaminesevereblame tolinktoabsorbedrejectedtestdefeated1 Expressions & phrases (1)know about 了解的情况lift up 举起;抬起;提升steam engine 蒸汽机physical characteris

4、tic 人体的特征put forward a theory about black holes 提出一个有关黑洞的理论6. infectious disease 传染性的疾病7. in scientific research 在科学研究上8. examine a new scientific idea 验证一个新的科学思想9. draw a conclusion 得出结论10. analyse the results 分析结果11. a well-known doctor 一个著名的医生12. ordinary people 百姓;普通人13. expose ()to sth. 暴露(.)在中

5、 14. the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病15. terrified people 被吓坏的人们16. get interested in sth./doing sth. 对产生兴趣17. absorb sth. into 把.吸收入.18. gather the information 收集信息19. determine to do sth. 决心干某事20. a valuable clue 一条珍贵的线索21. the water pump 水泵22. in addition (to) 除.之外还有 23. link to 将.和.联系起来 (be linked

6、 to)24. have it delivered (have sth. done) 叫某人送东西25. die of 死于26. announce with certainty 肯定地宣布27. polluted water 被污染的水28. prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事29. deal with 处理30. solve the problem 解决难题 Expressions & Phrases (2)come to an end 到了尽头find the cause of this illness 找出疾病的起因look into 调查apart

7、 from 除.之外;此外 (=except for)prepare for 预备好.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求a revolutionary theory 一个革命性的理论lead to 通向. ;导致 (注意:to为介词)make sense 有意义10. at times =sometimes 有时候11. contribute to sth. 有助于;促进12. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事13. point of view 观点14. living conditions 居住条件15. break in/into piec

8、es 把摔成碎块16. be devoted to sth./sb. 专致于.; 关心;挚爱17. devote ones life to doing sth. 献身于. 18. curved line 曲线19. achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 Language Points1.discover & inventdiscover v. “ 发现“,被探索或被揭示物老早就客观存在着.Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲.Who discovered radium? 谁发现了镭?invent v. “发明

9、”,指的是发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?2.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法?the way of doing sth.= the way to do “做.的方法”She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.她给我们示范清洗它的办法.the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三

10、种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.I dont like the way (that/ in which) you speak to your father.我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式. 与way相关的短语:by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过的方法lose ones way 迷路 no way (俚语) 没门,别想feel ones way 摸黑走,谨慎从事on ones way to在去的路上in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法3.Who put forward a theory abou

11、t black holes?谁提出了黑洞的理论?put forward(1) to offer (an idea, suggestion etc.) for consideration 提出(建议等)(2)推荐某人或自己任职位;提名May I put your name forward as our monitor?我能否提名你当我们的班长?put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来;记入名单;put on 穿上;戴上;增加 put off 耽误;延期put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火) put up 建立;建造put up with 忍受 You can take anyth

12、ing from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put offStudentsDoctors and nursesPeople in the neighborhoodAll his friends and relativesGardenersMembers of the Union of studentschurchpatientsa lectureschoola meeting aboutthe Unio

13、nhis weddingthe botanical gardenattendattend* I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.* Mother had to attend to her sick son .4.This was the most deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.)deadly adj. 1.dangerous; likely to cause death 危险的;致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2.

14、 highly effective against sth. or someone 强有力的;致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论3. aiming to kill or destroy意在杀死的;不共戴天的: a deadly enemy不共戴天的敌人adv. 1. Very极度;非常;十分: deadly serious 十分认真 2. like death 死一般地: deadly pale 死一般苍白5.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cho

15、lera.在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.expose v.to make visible 暴露 “expose .to.”He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.(2)to reveal the guilt or wrong doing of 揭露;揭发He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋.I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.expo

16、se to 使易受,使受 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下The disc, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓

17、病死.every time是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”,如:Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的事情.immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”,如:* the head in control of the country. He was in control of the car. * be under the control of* get

18、 / be out of control; lose controlPhrases of controlI will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了.7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着.(Suggest 用法参考P43.4,并完成相关的练习)8.absorb v. 吸收(液体);承受;承担 (费用等)Use the cloth to absorb the spilled ink. 吸干撒的墨水We will not absorb these charges.我们不能承担这些费用.absorbin/by.吸引注意 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you cal