新编大学英语第三册Unit 1Personality课件

1、Unit OnePersonalityIn-Class ReadingThe Misery of ShynessLanguage PointsShy people are anxious and self-conscious(不自在，不自然); that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分关注自己的外表和举止。Other words with “self-”:Self-esteem:自尊，自负Self-assurance:自信心Sel

2、f-worth:自我价值Self-awareness:自我意识，自我了解self-concept:自我概念 Self-discipline：自律Self-acceptance:自我认同 Self-rejection:自暴自弃Self-interest：私利Self-destructive:自毁的Self-evident:不言而喻的self-centered:自我为中心的excessively (adv.) (Line 3, Para. 1) in an excessive amount, to an excessive degree 过分地，过度地，非常地我不多喝酒。晚会的噪音非常地大。The

3、 noise from the party is excessively loud.I dont drink excessively.Translationexcessive (adj.) 过多的，过分的，额外的词汇扩充excess ikses (c.n.) 过度，超过，过剩，放肆exceed (vt.) 超过，胜过 Demand began to exceed supply. 你拆阅那些信件是越权行为。You are _ in opening those letters. 他吃得很好，但不过多。He ate well, but not _. 守门员因持球时间过长而受罚。The goal-ke

4、eper was punished for _. 请选择适当的词填空。excessive possession exceeding your duty to excessExerciseof ballWorrisome（troublesome） thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds.脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法。Swirl:盘旋，打转Eg.The hurricane begins to swirl in a clockwise motion. 飓风开始顺时针打旋。Shyness is the cause of much unha

5、ppiness for a great many people. Introduction (Para. 1)语法训练译 文 It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. (Line 7) must + 动词原型: to be likely or certain to 对现在的推测、推论。表示根据情况推断，认为某事是必然的很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。Example走了这么长的路，你必定是累了。You must feel tired after walking such a

6、 long distance.The light went out. The electricity must be off.灯熄了，一定是停电了。adversely: adv. in a harmful way 不利地，有害地adverse: adj. 不利的,有害的be adverse to: 不利于 adverse impact/ factor /conditions 不利影响/因素/条件Eg: 1. Her health was adversely affected by the climate.那种气候损害了她的健康。2. The development was adverse to

7、 our interests. 这种发展与我们的利益背道而驰。profound (adj.) (Line 10, Para. 2)deep; complete 深切的，极度的，极 深的（比deep正式）have a profound effect on : 对产生深刻的影响2) having, showing, or using thoroughknowledge and deep understanding 知识渊博的；深奥的他知识渊博，深受人们喜爱。He is a man of _, deeply beloved by found knowledgePeople who

8、 have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence.具有积极的价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously.自信者热情自发地投入生活。Spontaneously：adv. 自发地A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of the accident.一群人自发

9、地聚集在事故现场。句型应用in/by contrast 固定短语，意思是“与相反；形成对比；相比之下”。用来表示对比。如果后面接宾语，要用 in contrast with/to 或by contrast with。译 文 In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. (Line 17) 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。ExampleCoal, gas, oil, nuclear power, or

10、 water power can all generate electricity for an electric train. In/by contrast, diesel trains run only on diesel oil. In contrast to/with your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. TranslationToday, in/by contrast, the area is a lively and colorful fruit, and flower market.

11、与从前不同，这个地区今天已成为一个繁华的、丰富多彩的水果和鲜花市场。In contrast with/to your pessimistic point of view, I would rather take a positive attitude.与你的悲观看法相反，我宁愿采取积极的态度。Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority.害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们绝大批评正好证实了他们比别人差。Be sensitive to:对敏感 He is sensitive to

12、strong smells.他对强烈的气味很敏感。请给我来封信以便证实你在电话中传达的消息。我们打电话给那家旅馆以确认我们的房间已订妥。We confirmed the reservation by calling the hotel.Please confirm your telephone message by letter.Translationconfirm (vt.) (Line 19, Para. 3) + that to support; make certain; give proof (of) 支持；确 实；证实请熟悉下面的表达或搭配。confirm a rumor 证实谣言

13、confirm ones belief 坚定信念confirm a contract 批准合同 confirm a theory 证实一个理论conform: 遵照，符合，一致，后面常跟to或with词义辨析inferiority (n.) (Line 19, Para. 3) the quality of condition of being inferior; lower rank or state 低劣巴特曾非常自卑，以至于觉得自己不如见过的任何一个受过教育的人。Barter had been so humiliated that he felt himself _ every educ

14、ated man he met.我发现难以摆脱一种社会自卑感。I found it difficult to shake off (摆脱) _.a sense of social inferiorityto be inferior to请用适当的词填空。Exerciseinferior (adj.) (常与 to 连用，无比较级、最高 级形式)次的, 劣等的, 差的compliment (Line 21, Para. 3)n. 1) expression of admiration, approval, ect,. 恭维之表示；敬意；赞扬2) (pl.) (formal) greetings

15、问候；致意；道贺v. express admiration, approval 恭维；赞扬请用下面的提示词造句。Exercise她非常赞赏我的画 (pay sb. a compliment/compliment sb. on sth.)她微笑地接受了他对裙子的称赞She accepted his compliments about her dress with a smile.She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings.She complimented me on my paintings. Be unworthy of (L.

16、21) : 不值得He is unworthy of such an honor.我不配获得这样的荣誉。It is unworthy of being discussed.这不值得讨论 。Be unworthy to He is unworthy to receive such honor. 他不配得到这种荣誉。This is unworthy to be discussed.这不值得讨论 。难句分析此句it是形式主语。 overdoing it is detrimental or harmful是真正的主语，是主语从句。While引导的句子作后一句子的让步状语从句。译 文 It is cle

17、ar that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. (Line 22)显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利、有害的。Example显然，尽管他理解你说的话，但是他并不赞同。It is clear that while he understands what you say, he cant agree with you.Peoples self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of th

18、eir lives.Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect. (Para. 2-3)People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.eliminate (v.) (Line 25, Para. 4) eliminate from: remove 除去；删除；淘汰请完成下面的句子。Exercise那位建筑师在估

19、算房子的价格时未曾把家具考虑在内。The architect _ in figuring the cost of the house.他已被取消了游泳比赛资格，因为他在训练中没有得到名次。He has been _ because he did not win any of the practice races.eliminated from the swimming race eliminated the cost of furniture eliminate: (vt.) to remove or get rid of completely 消除reduce: (vt.) to make

20、less in size, amount, price, degree 减少，降低词义辨析diminish: (vt. vi.) (cause to ) become less in size or importance 减少，降低重要性请选择 eliminate, reduce 或 diminish 的适当形式填空。ExerciseI dont want to _ her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.I _ my weight by going on a diet.We cant _ the use of paper but we

21、 can certainly _ the amount of paper we waste.eliminateThe threat of nuclear war has _.diminisheddiminishreducedreduceFortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence (建立自信).幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信，从而克服害羞。Go hand in hand with（p.13）携手前进，紧密联系China

22、is willing to join hands with the community to advance common development.中国愿与各界同仁携手前进，共同发展。Weaknesses and strengths:缺点和优点dwell (vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4) 1) dwell in /at: reside 居住、存在 2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about 凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究He dwell upon that point fo

23、r several minute.请适当的词填空。ExerciseMy grandma dwells in the country. 我们的眼睛凝视着美丽的夕阳。Our eyes _ the beautiful sunset.不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。Dont _ painful memoriesdwell too much on . How his words dwell in my mind! 他的一席话在我的脑海里经久难忘。dwelled onWays of overcoming shyness (Para. 4-15)Skim the text from Para.5 to Par

24、a.15. Among following tips, which ones are most reasonable or helpful to overcome shyness in your opinion? (List 1-3 out of them )As self-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes.随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。diminish：v. 减少，减损，贬低, 变少/小We should try to diminish the cost of production.我们应尽力减少生产成本。His ill

25、ness diminished his health. 疾病侵蚀了他的健康。He likes to diminish the skills of others. 他喜欢贬低别人的技能。As he turned the knob, the sound diminished. 他一转旋钮，声音就变小了。你认为让人们每周工作60小时以上是合理的吗?她不得不给自己的迟到找一个合理的借口。 She cannot but find a reasonable excuse for her being late.Do you think its reasonable to expect people to w

26、ork more than 60 hours a week?Translationreasonable (adj.) (Line 36, Para. 7) 1) having ordinary common sense; able to reason 有普通常识的，能推 理的，合乎做事道理的 2) moderate 适度的，不多不少的Guilt and shame (n.) are destructive (破坏性的、有害的) feelings Feeling ashamed (a.) accomplishes nothing.内疚和羞耻感是有害的情感感到羞愧是无济于事的。Feel/be as

27、hamed (of) : 对感到羞愧/不好意思shameful: a. 可耻的You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors.你应该为你的可耻的行为感到羞愧。Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.要敢于公开表达自己的观点.speak up：大声讲, 毫无顾虑地说出Eg. 1.Speak up so that everybody can hear you . 大点声，让大家都能听见。 2. Speak up and tell us what you think. 要大胆说话，

28、有什么想法就告诉我们。rejection (n.) (Line 55, Para. 10) the action or process of rejecting a thing or person 抵制；拒绝；抑制、排斥self-rejection: 自我否定、自暴自弃请完成下面的句子。Exercisereject (v.) (Line?, Para. 12)他后悔拒绝了那个年轻人提供的帮助。He regretted _ from the young man. 因为害怕被拒绝，他从不敢向她求婚。He was never able to ask her to marry him out of _

29、.fear of rejectionrejecting the offer of helpPersonal attack: 个人攻击Be assured that放心，Please rest assured that repayment is ensured. 请您放心，还款是有保障的。Be assured of: 确信He is assured of victory . 他稳操胜券。Profit from：benefit from Very often, a disappointment becomes a turning point (转折点) for a wonderful experi

30、ence to come along.挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。You may be rejected by the college of your choice (中意的、自己选中的).你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。Do not associate with (和联系/交往） people who make you feel inadequate.有些人会使你感到无能，不要和这种人交往。remove (v.) (Line 66, Para. 13)remove from 1) take off or away from the place occupied 移动

31、；拿开 2) get rid of 除去；排除愤怒之余，他从打字机上取走了打了一半的那一页。What do you advise for removing ink stains from clothes?你有什么好办法祛除衣服上的墨渍吗？Out of rage, he removed the half-finished page from the typewriter.Translation他深切地关心穷人的福利问题。Private employment agencies may not have your best interests at heart.私有雇佣代理机构不会将你的最大利益放在

32、心上。He has the welfare of the poor at heart.Translationhave sth. at heart (Line67, Para. 13) be deeply concerned about 对深切关心Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbiesset aside: keepfor 为节省/保留，留出We also set aside some meat for elderly people.我们还留出一些肉给年岁大的人。He set aside a little money each week.他每周都留出一些钱备用

33、。Eventually you will circulate (周旋) in large groups with skill and self-assurance.最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。句型应用 The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. (Line 74)the better, the easier属于the more the more 句型的用法。The morethe more 表示比较，“越越”。Live up to: do as

34、well as; be as good as 充分发挥译 文我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。Example钢含碳的成分越多，冷却得越快，那么钢就越硬。The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Conclusion (Para. 16)After-c

35、lass ReadingPassage 1Two Ways of Looking at LifeQuestion the question briefly:Whats wrong with the new-born baby? How do the mother and father respond differently to it?1. His heart is overflowing with awe and gratitude for the beauty of her, the perfection. (L.2)她的漂亮和完美使他充满了敬畏和感激。overflow: v. 溢出，充满

36、be overflowing with:充满了,洋溢着Her heart was overflowing with joy.她的心里洋溢着喜悦。The crowd overflowed the auditorium. 人群挤得礼堂无法容纳。awe：敬畏The children stared at the teacher with awe. 孩子很敬畏地凝视着老师。Its too soon to say a thing like that.(L.20)现在这么说太早了。Dont be alarmed (L.25)不必慌张。In the meantime, cheer up. (L35)现在，高兴

37、点吧。Ruin her life (L.40)毁了她一生 ruin: v. 毁灭,毁坏,破产 sb/ ones life/He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。The politics of the company will ruin their image.公司的策略会毁掉他们的形象。He imagines only the worst: no hearing, no development of language, his beautiful child cut off from society, locked in a

38、 soundless world.他只想到最坏的一面：没有听觉，无法学语言，他那漂亮的宝贝将与世隔绝，被困在无声的世界中。cut off vt.切断,使隔绝,剪下 A storm that cut off power to the whole region. 切断了整个地区电力供应的暴风雨。They were then almost completely cut off from the outside world.这时他们和外界几乎完全隔绝了。He is prone to depression;She on the other hand, sees bad events in their l

39、east threatening light.他很容易情绪低落;与他正相反，她总是从最乐观的角度来看待坏事。is prone to：易于 . 的,有 . 倾向的 People are more prone to make mistakes when they are tired. 人们疲劳时更容易出差错。Hes probably prone to domestic violence.他也许有家庭暴力的倾向。in the light：从角度After a reversal (setback,挫折,反转), she bounce back quickly, and finds all her en

40、ergy again.在经历挫折后，她很快就恢复过来，并又重新恢复活力。bounce back：恢复原状 It took 6 weeks to bounce back from the serious injury.从重伤恢复原状用了六周的时间。The optimists, who are confronted with (面临/遭遇)the same knocks(挫折、不幸)of this world, think about misfortune in the opposite way (以相反的方式). (L.60)乐观主义者在相同的不幸时，则以相反的方式看待厄运。They regul

41、arly exceed (超出) the predictions of aptitude tests (能力倾向测试). When optimists run for (竞选) office, they are more apt to (容易) be elected than pessimists are.他们的表现常常超出了能力测验的预测。当乐观主义者参加竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易当选。If we are in the grip of this view.(L.75)为这种观点所左右。be in the grip of: 受控制/支配Eg. She is in the grip of strong emotions.Pessimistic prophecies are self-fulfilling.(L.77)悲观主义者的预言会自然应验的。Passage You are what you thinkAssignment: Comparing optimists with pessimistsFinish Exercise 5 on page 42.The two after-class reading passages tell us a lot about optimists and pessimists. Please summarize the ma