教案讲稿课后答疑英语听力1课件british history

1、2.1 Religious ReformationReasons2 religious camps: Catholic and Protestant Immediate cause: Henry VIIIs divorceAct of SupremacyHenry VIII“only supreme head of the church of England” In essence, the Reformation was a political movement in a religious guiseHenry VIIIQueen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Consol

2、idated the Church of EnglandDefended the fruit of the Reformation in essenceGolden Age of English HistoryEngland advanced in such areas as foreign trade, exploration, literature, and the arts.The age of exploration began: claiming new lands for England and introducing new materials and foods. The Am

3、erican State, Virginia, is named after Queen Elizabeth.Elizabeth2.1 Religious ReformationJames IThe Divine Right of Kings James I was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings.He thought of his right to rule as God-given, which should not be challenged by anyone, and he preferred no Parliament at

4、 all.Charles I parliamentary clashes over monopoliesthe monarchy attempted to control commercial activities in the interests of the court King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629, and ruled the country without it for eleven years.The various classes in England soon split up into two camps:Parliam

5、ent: merchants, artisans and apprentices, peasantsKing: gentry, big landlords and monopolists 2.1 Religious ReformationThe civil war broke out (16421649)Between the Royalists (the Cavalier 保王党人) and Parliamentarians (Roundheads 圆颅党人) Result: the monarchy was abolished in 1949 England was declared a

6、commonwealth, i.e. a republic 2.2 The Civil WarRoundheads with pikes2.3 Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionRestoration:1661, Charles II: to restore the old social order1685, James II: to reestablish CatholicismGlorious Revolution1688: joint sovereign of William and Mary1689: Bill of Rights (limi

7、ted the power of the monarch and guaranteed the authority of Parliament ) removed the ruling monarch and established Constitutional MonarchyWilliam III and MaryThe Glorious Revolution of 1688The Rise of the British EmpireThe industrial revolutionThe chartist movementThe workshop of the worldThe colo

8、nial expansionQueen AnneThe industrial revolution The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the second half of the 18th century.The industrial revolutionCauses: 1. Favorable geographical location 2.

9、Political stability 3. Fast-growing population 4. Enclosure movement 5. Well-trained engineers and craftsmenThe industrial revolutionTypical examples of the inventions 1. John Kays flying shuttle (1733) speeded up hand weaving The industrial revolution2. James Watts steam engine(1765)The industrial

10、revolution3. Hargreaves spinning jenny (1766) enabled one hand to spin many threads at a timeThe industrial revolution4. Ark Wrights water frame (1769) replaced hand labor and required waterpower to drive themThe industrial revolution5. Comptons mule spinner(1779) also replaced hand labor and requir

11、ed steam to drive them 6. Cartwrights power loom(1784)Means of transportationcanals were dug to ship goodsthe otive invented in 1814the first railway completed in 1825large merchant fleetSteam EngineMerchant Fleet2.4 The Industrial RevolutionBy the middle of 19th century, the Industrial Revolution w

12、as plished in BritainIts influence: Britain changed in many waysdramatically increased industrial productivitythe process of urbanizationchanges in class structureThe conflict between the capitalists and the proletariansthe most important political issue2.4 The Industrial RevolutionThe colonial expa

13、nsion1The growth of dominions2The conquest of India4Aggression against China3The scramble for AfricaFirst British Empire: 19th CenturyIt included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West IndiesSecond British Empire during the Victorian Age: Mid- and lat

14、e-19th CenturyQueen Victorias foreign policyNew ImperialismIt included the colonies in Australia, New Zealand and Canadadominions Victoria“Empress of India”In Asia, occupied Burma and some other small states. Opium War against China In Africa, control Suez Canal and conquer EgyptUnion of South Afric

15、athe 4th dominion3.1 The Formation of the British EmpireOn the Eve of World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire the world had ever seen. a territory of 33.5 million square kilometers (1/4 of the worlds total land). a population of 393.5 million (8 times as large as that in Britain)3.1 The

16、 Formation of the British Empire3.2 Britain in the World Wars 3.2.1 World War IBy the beginning of the 20th century, Britains dominance was challenged by other European nations and the USTwo camps in Europe:Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria Allied Powers: Britain,

17、 France, Russia, Italy and US The immediate causeassassination in Sarajevo Over 32 countries were involved, 28 of which support the Allies Powers and Allies Powers wonThe cost of the war for Britain was great: drained of its manpowerlost the sea supremacya huge national debt3.2.1 World War IPrime Mi

18、nister ChamberlainWinston Churchill - British PrimeGermanyplan to conquer EuropeBritainappeasement declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939 alliance with the Soviet Union and the United States Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 7, 1945great costlose its naval supremacy and in debt to the

19、United States. 3.2.2 World War IIWinston ChurchillIndependence movementIndia, Pakistan, Burma, Malaya and Egypt British Commonwealth of Nations (a loosely organized community of former British colonies)3.3 The Fall of the EmpireOne of the Big Three after WWIIForeign Policy: Three Majestic Circles le

20、ss involvement in the Commonwealth circle close cooperation with the United States an isolationist policy towards Europe4.1. “Three Majestic Circles” Margaret ThatcherReestablished “special relationship” with the United Statesagainst European integration Tony Blairmore positive towards Europe (but r

21、efuse to join the Euro)further strengthened the close relationship with the United States4.2 “Special Relationship” with the US Cartoon: The Special Relationship Between Britannia & Uncle SamPrime Minister Margaret Thatcher . Former Prime Minister MajorPrime Minister Tony BlairPrime Minister Gordon

22、BrownThings You Need to Know About British History In date order： Stonehenge 2200 BCRoman Invasion and Civilisation 43 ADSt Augustine and Christianity 597King Alfred the Great and the Doom Book 871Battle of Hastings and Norman Conquest 1066Magna Carta and trial by jury 1215Declaration of Arbroath 13

23、20Canterbury Tales 1370Peasants Revolt 1381The longbows at Agincourt 1415Religious Settlement 1559 Sir Francis Drake and the defeat of the Spanish Amrada 1588Gunpowder Plot 1605Shakespeare 1610Plantation of Ulster 1611Execution of Charles I 1649Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights 1688The Bank of

24、England 1694Act of Union 1707Britains first Prime Minister Robert Walpole 1721 50 Things You Need to Know About British History Gin craze and British drink culture 1729 The East India Company and the Battle of Plassey 1757 Longitude 1759 Watts Steam Engine 1769 Arkwrights Spinning Frame 1771 Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations 1776 The Siege of Yorktown and the loss of America 1781 Nelsons death and the Battle of Trafalgar 1805 William Wilberforce and the abolition of the slav