必修一-Unit5-Nelson-Mandela-a-modern-hero

1、共一百零六页抓基础(jch)必修(bxi)一Unit 5Nelson Mandela-a modern hero析考点提能力共一百零六页共一百零六页.高频(o pn)单词必记1 adj.慷慨的；大方的2 n. 法则(fz)；原则；原理3 n. 舞台；阶段；时期4 vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决5 vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击generousprinciplestagevoteattack共一百零六页6 vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露7 n. 意见；看法；主张8 n质量(zhling)；品质；性质 n数量；量9 adj.积极的；活跃的 adv.积极地；活 跃地 n活动10 vt.献

2、身；专心于 adj.忠实的；深爱的 n献身；奉献；忠诚escapeopinionqualityactivequantityactivelyactivitydevotedevoteddevotion共一百零六页11 adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的 adv. 和平地；平静地；安宁地 n和平；平静；和睦(hm)12 adj.法律的；依照法律的 (反义词)非法 的；违法的13 n暴力；暴行 adj.暴力的；猛烈的peacefulpeacefullylegalillegalviolenceviolentpeace共一百零六页14 adj.相等的；平等的 n平等；相等 adv.同样地；相等地；公平地15

3、vt.教育；训练(xnlin) adj.受过教育的；有教 养的 n教育 n教育工作者； 教育家16 vi.请求；乞求 n乞丐17 n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏 adj.值 得的；有益的；有回报的equalequalityequallyeducateeducatededucationeducatorbegbeggarrewardrewarding共一百零六页.重点(zhngdin)短语必背1 失业2 事实上3 使充气；爆炸4 在危险、受罚(shu f)、痛苦、忧虑 等的处境中5 求助于；致力于out of workas a matter of factblow upin troubleturn

4、to共一百零六页6 丧失勇气或信心7 当权；上台8 设立(shl)；建立9 被判处(徒刑)10 愿意干某事lose heart come to powerset upbe sentenced tobe willing to do共一百零六页.经典(jngdin)句型必会1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at

5、all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有(mi yu)的阶段。共一百零六页解读：where引导定语从句修饰stage。仿写：我已经到了应该自己作出决定的人生(rnshng)阶段。I have reached a point in my life _ make decisions of my own.(摘自2009浙江高考单项填空)答案(d n)：where I am supposed to共一百零六页2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个

6、时候，我们才决定(judng)用暴力反抗暴力。共一百零六页解读：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。仿写：只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们(rn men)时他们才能很快恢复正常的生活。Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake area _ quickly.答案(d n)：will they return to their normal life共一百零六页3He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asle

7、ep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们(w men)学习。共一百零六页解读：should have done sth. “本应该(ynggi)做某事而实际上没做”。仿写：他们本应该午饭时到达，但是飞机晚点了。They _ lunchtime but their flight was delayed.(摘自2011全国卷单项填空)答案(d n)：should have arrived at共一百零六页4 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解(jingji)时，我的心情很不好。共一百零六页解读(ji d)

8、：the first time引导时间状语从句。仿写：我第一次见到她时认为她善良诚实。I thought her kind and honest _.答案(d n)：the first time I met her共一百零六页共一百零六页(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.献身于；致力于 devote ones life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to sth./doing sth. 专心于；奉献于(3)de

9、votion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚1devote vt.献身(xin shn)；专心于共一百零六页教材(jioci)P33原句A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。He has devoted his whole life to world peace.(摘自2011陕西高考单词拼写)他把他的一生都献给了世界和平事业。共一百零六页He has devoted most of his time and energy a cure for the d

10、isease.他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。Her son, she is so devoted, went abroad last year, leaving her alone in the small village.她非常(fichng)疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。to findingto whom共一百零六页Her devotion to the job left her with very little time.她全身心投入(tur)工作，几乎没有闲睱。共一百零六页2.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票(xunpio)；

11、表决(1)vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote on 投票表决 vote to do sth. 表决做某事(2)put .to the vote 付诸表决、裁决共一百零六页教材(jioci)P34原句Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。Russia won the bid for the 2018 World Cup because they got most votes.俄罗斯由于得到多数票而获得2018年世界杯举办权。共一百零六页As we cant re

12、ach an agreement on this matter, lets it.因为我们不能在这个问题上达成(dchng)一致，咱们投票决定吧！People vote against Tom who often tells lies.人们投票反对经常说谎的汤姆。vote on共一百零六页3equal adj.相等的；平等(pngdng)的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物(1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任做某事 of equal importance 同等重要的(2)A equals B in . A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)witho

13、ut equal 无与伦比(4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地共一百零六页教材P34原句But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了(wi le)实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。Our education system should provide equal opportunities for all children.我

14、们的教育制度给所有的孩子提供了平等的机会共一百零六页Its a challenging job but Im sure youll .这是一份具有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你会胜任的。 ,either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是(hi shi)在舞艺上我们都比不上她。be equal to itNone of us can equal her共一百零六页This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.(摘自2011新

15、课标全国卷阅读理解D)这个(zh ge)职位同样适合于学校毕业生或某个拥有办公室工作经验的人。共一百零六页4escape v& n逃脱；逃生(toshng)；泄露(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 escape from 从逃脱；逃避 escape ones attention/notice 逃过某人的注意(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape 九死一生共一百零六页教材P38原句It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是个无人逃走过的监狱(jiny)。So sudden wa

16、s the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.(摘自2009山东高考单项填空)袭击如此突然使敌人没有时间逃跑。共一百零六页Whoever breaks the law wont escape !无论是谁违犯(wifn)法律都将避免不了惩罚。Last year I had a narrow escape, and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。punishment/being punished共一百零六页5reward n& vt.报酬；奖赏(j

17、ingshng)；酬劳；奖金(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for 为酬谢；作为奖励(2)reward sb. with sth. for sth. 为某事而用酬谢某人共一百零六页教材P38原句They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights

18、for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗(fndu)的回报。Winning the match was just a reward for the effort the team had made.赢得比赛的胜利是全队付出努力应得的回报。共一百零六页We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.如果(rgu)有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。She got nothing .她的好心没有得到一点回报。in rewar

19、d for her kindness共一百零六页She started singing to the baby and a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌(chn )，孩子则报以微笑。was rewarded with共一百零六页reward, awardrewardn.报酬；奖金或一些非金钱的报酬v.给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏awardn.奖品；奖金v. 授予；颁发award sb. sth. award sth. to sb.共一百零六页以练促记Obama was the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.How can I your kindn

20、ess?awardedreward共一百零六页共一百零六页.单词拼写(pnxi)1The company attaches much importance to the _ (质量) of their products.答案(d n)：quality共一百零六页2He loved science so much that he decided to _ (献身(xin shn) his whole life to it.答案(d n)：devote共一百零六页3As a holiday destination in winter, the Hainan Island has no e_.答案(

21、d n)：equal共一百零六页4He gave the children some chocolate to r_ them for behaving well.答案(d n)：reward共一百零六页5The prisoners attempted to e_ from the prison, but in vain.答案(d n)：escape共一百零六页.单项填空(tinkng)1It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _.ArewardsBprize

22、sCawards Dresults共一百零六页解析：句意：普遍认为，婴儿学会(xuhu)做事情是因为某些行为会得到奖赏。prize “奖品；奖金”； award “奖品；奖状”； result “结果；导致”； reward “回报；奖赏”。答案(d n)：A共一百零六页2Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper共一百零六页解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：健康在运动中很重要(zhngyo)，但技巧同样重要(zhngyo)。fair “公

23、平的”； reasonable “有道理的”； equal “相等的”； proper “合适的”。本句将fitness 与skills作对比，根据句意选C。答案(d n)：C共一百零六页3_to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things.ADevoting BDevotedCHaving devoted DTo devote共一百零六页解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：教授致力于研究工作(gngzu)，对其他任何事情都关心甚少。devote是及物动词，一般用法是sb.be devoted to(doin

24、g)sth.或devote oneself to(doing)sth.。本句中the professor和devote之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式devoted作原因状语。答案(d n)：B共一百零六页4Mike often attempts to escape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been fined Bto have been finedCto be fined Dbeing fined共一百零六页解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克每次违反交通规则的时候，他都试图逃避惩罚(chngf)。动词escape

25、后接动词时要用v.ing形式，不接不定式。fine是及物动词，意为“罚款”，需用被动语态。答案(d n)：D共一百零六页5He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to _.Avote BvotesCvoting Dvoted共一百零六页解析(ji x)：考查短语用法。句意：他成为一位公民，并因此获得了选举权。the right to vote “选举权”。答案(d n)：A共一百零六页1. in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中 教材P35原句Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in t

26、rouble. 伊莱(y li)亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。 He just laughed and said something about my being in trouble.(摘自2009湖北高考完形填空)共一百零六页他只是笑笑并且(bngqi)说一些有关我处于困境时的事情。共一百零六页If you keep on driving like that, you are going to .如果你继续这样开车，你会惹麻烦的。Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.每逢我们在学

27、习(xux)上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。You cant imagine the trouble/difficulty I had change his mind.你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。get into troublepersuading him to共一百零六页2 turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅(chyu)；转向 教材P35原句Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？I replied and tur

28、ned to my mom for permission.(摘自2010福建高考完形填空)我回答后转身去请求母亲批准。共一百零六页 in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.由于在这么恐怖(kngb)的环境中无人可以求助，她感到非常无助。After he left university he became a teacher, but later journalism.With no one to turn toturned to共一百零六页大学毕业后他当了老师(losh)，但后来转向了新闻业。turn down 调小；拒绝

29、turn into 变成turn off 关闭(开关等)turn over 打翻；翻身；移交turn up 开大；调高；出现；到场；被发现turn out 证明是；结果是共一百零六页Whether those people would turn into customers was another question.(摘自2011陕西高考(o ko)阅读理解C)那些人是否会成为客户是另一回事。共一百零六页3set up设立(shl)；建立A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。We decided

30、 a fund for the Hope Project.to set up共一百零六页我们决定(judng)为希望工程设立一项基金。set about doing sth. 开始做某事；着手做某事set aside 把放在一边；省出；留出set down 写下；记下set off 出发；动身；使爆炸set out 出发；动身；开始；着手共一百零六页The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising.(摘自2011全国卷阅读理解B)伦敦公报是第一家为商业广告开辟专栏的报纸。He

31、 homeless women and children to place of safety.他着手帮助把无家可归(w ji k gu)的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。set about helping共一百零六页共一百零六页.完成句子(j zi)1It is hard for her to support the family because she _ (失业)答案(d n)：is out of work共一百零六页2Dont hesitate to _ (向我们(w men)求助) if you are in trouble.答案(d n)：turn to us for help共一百零六

32、页3Having got involved in a theft, he _ (被判处(pn ch)五年徒刑)答案(d n)：was sentenced to five years in prison共一百零六页4I think if he fails again hell just_ (失去(shq)信心) and give up.答案(d n)：lose heart共一百零六页5Most people think that things have changed for the better since the new government _ (上台(shng ti)；执政)答案(d n

33、)：came to power共一百零六页.单项填空(tinkng)1(2011江苏高考) You look upset. Whats the matter? I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned onCturned off Dturned down共一百零六页解析(ji x)：考查动词短语。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝，因此有点儿不快。turn down “拒绝；顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”，符合句意。turn over “翻转”； turn on “打开”；turn off “关掉”。答案(d n)：D共一百零六页2(2012江苏

34、省苏中三市(sn sh)调研)I havent got a job at the moment, but Im sure that something will _.Aturn in Bturn overCturn up Dturn down共一百零六页解析：考查动词短语。句意：我现在还没有工作，但我确信会有机会找到的。turn up表示“(机会或情况)突然出现；不期而至”，符合句意。turn in “上交；交还”； turn over “翻转(fn zhun)；移交”； turn down “关小；拒绝”。答案(d n)：C共一百零六页3For all these years I have

35、been working for others. Im hoping Ill _ my own business someday.Aturn up Bfix upCset up Dmake up共一百零六页解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些年来我一直为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。set up “设立；创立”。turn up “出现”； fix up “安装(nzhung)”； make up “编造”。答案(d n)：C共一百零六页4Its important to learn to take a positive attitude _ life when you are _ t

36、rouble.Ato; under Bof; inCto; in Dwith; in共一百零六页解析：句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活(shnghu)保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble “处于困境中”。答案(d n)：C共一百零六页1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句(cn j)等)时，句子需要部分倒装。共一百零六页Only by shouting was

37、he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Only yesterday tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是(zhn shi)个令人吃惊的消息。did his father共一百零六页Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.似乎(s h)只有一部分孩子明白。共一百零六页关键一点 含有否定(f

38、udng)意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，在no sooner .than .和hardly .when .引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。共一百零六页Not only the book, but also he remembered what he had read.他不仅看了这本书，而且他还记住(j zh)他所读的内容了。did he read共一百零六页2I felt bad the_

39、first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间(shjin)状语从句，意为“第一次”。The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.共一百零六页我第一次去采访(cifng)他时，他看起来有点紧张。共一百零六页He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。 I see the old man in the

40、park, he is absorbed in reading papers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。关键一点for the first time在句中只能用作状语，不具有连词(linc)功能，不可用来引导状语从句。Every time共一百零六页共一百零六页.完成句子(j zi)/句型转换1一听到儿子的死讯，妈妈突然放声大哭。(the moment)_， the mother burst into tears.答案(d n)：The moment she heard her sons death共一百零六页2我们刚到工地(gngd)就通知老板我们到了。(immedia

41、tely)_， we informed our boss of our arrival.答案(d n)：Immediately we arrived at the work site共一百零六页3It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I realized how much I loved them.Only when I left my parents for Italy _ _ _ how much I loved them.答案(d n)：did I realize共一百零六页.单项填空(tinkng)1_ you talk t

42、o someone or write a message, you show your skills to others.AAt times BSome timeCEvery time DThe time共一百零六页解析：句意：每当你和别人谈话或写东西时，你都在向别人展示(zhnsh)你的技能。every time/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当”，其他三项都不能引导时间状语从句。答案(d n)：C共一百零六页2(2011江西省部分(b fen)重点中学第二次联考)Only when we saw the photos about the Shanghai Expo _ how splendid it was.Ahad we known Bwe had knownCdid we know Dwe know共一百零六页解析：考查倒装与时态。“only时间状语”放到句首的