大学英语写作步骤及技巧课件

1、大学英语写作大纲对四级写作的要求根据日常生活，科技，社会文化等方面的一般知识，就一定的话题，提纲，图表在半个小时之内写出（）词的短文，应用文（如信函，简历等）短文要求内容完整，条理清楚，文理通顺，无重大语言错误考生要掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识，以及较好的谴词造句，布局谋篇的综合语言表达能力。四级作文的基本达标要求内容要紧扣主题，涵盖提纲的要点。作文结构完整合理，符合写作的要求。语言表达要流畅，无重大语病，无明显语法错误。适度恰当地使用过渡性词语。字数要达标。书写工整，卷面整洁。Grading评分依据：结构、内容、语言评分原则：Global Scoring分档：2、5、8、11、14字数要求：1

2、20-150 words 总体评分CET作文采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward Scores），而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。结构三段式作文法：Paragraph 1: introduction(2-4)Paragraph 2: body(6-8)Paragraph 3: conclusion(3-4)每段的展开模式：Topic sentencesupporting detail 1- supporting detail 2(sd3)-summary内容和语言内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要

3、考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，要就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 题型：现象分析，观点选择，应用文，图表分析常见话题：教育，道德，文化，友谊，环保考生常见的写作问题： 1. 思维跳跃 2. 语言枯燥 3. 句式单调 4. 汉语化.Punctuation 标点符号 The comma (,)The period (.)The semicolon (;)The colon (:)The question mark (?)The exclamation mark (!)Quotation mark (“”)Parentheses/bracke

4、ts ()Square brackets (【】)The dash(-)The slash (/)Underlining and Italics1. 顿号“、”。英语没有顿号，一般用逗号取代。汉语中用顿号表示一句话中间并列的词和词组之间的停顿。如：This kind of machine is widely used in India, Russia, the U.S.A. and China. (这种机器在印度、俄罗斯、美国、中国广泛应用。)2.书名号。 汉语书名号为，表示书籍、报刊等名称。英语中不用书名号，而是用斜体字或字下 线表示。在手写稿和打印稿中，字下线和印刷品中的斜体字功用相同。例

5、如： He reads the Peoples Daily every day. Wuthering Heights is one of his favorite novels.Punctuation 标点符号 3.句号。 英语的句号是是实心的小圆点，即 “.”, 常用于陈述句和祈使句之后。而汉语的句号是空心圆圈，即“。”。4.冒号。 英语中的冒号可对主句进行说明、引申、解释等等；也用于引语之前。冒号在记时间时可用来区分小时与分钟，可表示赛事的比分，可在事务性信件中放在称呼之后，可在演讲稿中放在对听众的称呼之后。例如： Punctuation 标点符号 1. The year is divid

6、ed into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.(一年分为四季：春、夏、秋、冬。) 2. My grandpa often mentions one saying by Confucius: “To say you know when you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge.” 3. The train leaves at 10:45 a.m. China beat Japan 3:2 in the womens volleyball g

7、ame. Dear Mr. Brown: Ladies and gentlemen:冒号的用法 5. 逗号 “，” 。 在英语中，引起直接引语的说明以及一般函件开头的称呼语等一类用语后都用逗号，而不象汉语那样用冒号。（但美国用冒号）。逗号是英文写作中最常用的标点符号。对中国学生而言，也是最容易出错的地方。因为以中国人写作的思维，只要一句话意思没完，便要用逗号，而对于英文写作，只要句子结构完整便要用句号。例如：Punctuation 标点符号 逗号误用：I set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a

8、girl of my class, she was going there, too, we decided to go together, we walked, the bookstore was not far away.正确的句子：I set out for the biggest bookstore in town. At the school gate I saw a girl of my class. She was going there, too. We decided to go together. We walked. The bookstore was not far a

9、way.(我开始去城里最大的书店。 在学校门口我看见了班里的一个女孩, 她也要去那儿, 我们决定一起去。我们走着,书店就在不远处。 )Punctuation 标点符号 6. 分号表示短暂而明确的停顿，连接两个内容相关但语法逻辑上完整的独立分句。分句之间不用连词，分号就相当于逗号与连接词的组合。如： The project was finally completed; we were very pleased.(我们很高兴我们终于完成了计划。) 相当于The project was finally completed，and we were very pleased.Punctuation 标点

10、符号 英文写作六步法一、审题3 审: 审文体 审要求 审人称Practice:在英语课堂上，你喜欢老师授课时只用英语还是英语、汉语兼用。请你围绕“ How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only , or in both English and Chinese? ” 这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文授课形式一： 只用英语授课形式二： 英语、汉语兼用优点：有助于提高 听说能力等缺憾：不易听懂等结论：优点：易于理解等缺憾：英语氛围不等结论：注意：1.词数100-120, 短文开头已给出

11、(不计词数). 2.参考词汇: atmosphere 氛围I prefer my English classes to be taught in 某考生 I prefer my English classes to be taught in both English and Chinese. Now in our English classes, with how to be taught we have two choices: In English only, or in both English and Chinese, and its all has its advantages an

12、d disadvantages. If in English only, can make our listening and speaking more good, and what worse, we will hard to understand our class. But if in both English and Chinese, also understand will be more easily, the English atmosphere is less than in English only. In my opinion, we study English to u

13、nderstand it is the most important. After we study and understand it good, listening or speaking will be easy. So I think my English classes to be taught in both English and Chinese will be more better.11分 英文写作六步法二、抓要点确定主要行为What happened? 时下，各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式，对此人们评价不一。请你对此现象向21st Century 投稿，谈谈个人看法： 态

14、度一 态度二 你的观点给观众提供了更多的参与机会 控制不当，节目品位无法保证 ？ 给媒体带来更多收益 短信费用过高，观众易生反感 迎合年轻人对新事物的追求 沉溺于此，浪费精力 要求:1词数：120词左右。 2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯. Practice: 提供机会带来收益迎合追求保证品位产生反感浪费精力你的观点 offer /provide chances bring in profits / benefit from meet/appeal to the needs of ensure the taste feel bad / bored / annoyed waste ti

15、me and energy In my opinion we should take a critical attitude towards列出要点英文写作六步法三、扩展成句形成基本语义单位Who did what? 1 offer chances Audiences are offered more chances to participate in the live programs. 2 bring in profits / benefit from They bring in profits to the mass media. 3 appeal to the needs of The

16、y appeal to the needs of the young people.4 ensure the taste We cannot ensure the taste of the programs if short messages are out of control.5 feel bad / bored / annoyed They cost a lot and make the audiences feel bored. 6 waste time and energy It will be a waste of time and energy if the young are

17、addicted to them. 7 take a critical attitude In my opinion we should take a critical attitude towards short messages. 英文写作六步法四、连句成文正确使用过渡词，使行文流畅。并注意段与段的衔接。 表示列举和顺序用 firstly, secondly, last, then, finally, next, such as，after that b. 表示意义增补和引申用also, besides, above all, whats more / whats worse c. 表示结

18、果用 so, therefore, as a result, sothatd. 表示意义转折用 instead, however, bute. 表示解释说明用 in other words, that is to sayf. 表示概括和总结用 then, in all, as we knowg. 表示时间顺序用 now, at first, when, afterh. 表示并列关系用 or, and, also, too, i. 表示条件关系用 as (so) long as, if, unless j. 表示举例用 for example, for instance, such ask. 表

19、示让步关系用 though, even if , however, as 1.过好行文逻辑关2.用活语言，准确生动 使用常用高级语法:非谓语动词，with复合结构，虚拟语气，强调句，倒装句，感叹句，定语从句，状语从句等The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.a. The meal was very nice. We all enjoyed it very much. (so that/sothat/suchthat)Not only is he a famous singer but also he has written s

20、ome interesting books.b. He is a famous singer. He has also written some interesting books. (not onlybut also)c. My brother was riding a bike. I sat on the seat behind him. (with sb. doing) My brother was riding a bike with me sitting on the seat behind him.Not having received his letter he decided

21、to write to her again.d. He hadnt received a letter . He decided to write to her again. (not having done)e. We are glad to see such great changes in our school life. ( how )How glad we are to see such great changes in our school life.英文写作六步法五、查错改错注意时态、标点和拼写是否正确,词数是否符合要求等。英文写作六步法六、誊写修改无误后，认真规范地誊写在规定的

22、地方。 卷面不工整要扣分!4 规范三写：大小写,拼写,书写Make what you have written clear enough!小结审题，抓点造句，成文改错，誉写 文不对题（文体格式不规范）离题太远（抓不到要点，该说的不说，不该说的说的太多）词不达意（有的甚至用汉语标注、留空或抄袭试卷上的材料）病句太多（时态、语态、人称、数等语法错误）卷面不工整（字迹潦草、乱涂改、添插箭头满篇飞，这是经电脑扫描后网上阅卷的大忌!） 前车之鉴! 一篇档次较高、得分较多的书面表达，给阅卷老师的印象应该是： 语意要合情合理，过渡自然； 语句要有简有繁，随“意”而安； 语法要结构正确，无懈可击； 语言要地道

23、流畅，书写规范。 目前，许多学校对学生采取封闭式管理，学生对此看法不一。请根据下表所提供的信息，写一篇英语短文，谈谈自己的看法。 有的同学认为 有的同学认为 学校限制我们的自由；学生和社会接触少；学生的兴趣和爱好不能得到充分的发展。因此 学校是学习知识的地方：学生应该安心在学校里学习；学生缺乏自觉性，离开了老师，可能会 你的看法： 注意：1. 字数120左右; 不要逐字翻译。2. 短文开头已给出，不计人总词数。 Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long Example: Nowadays a lot

24、 of schools keep their students in school all day long. Students have different opinions about it. Some of the students think they enjoy less freedom and have little chance to get in touch with society. They are not able to fully develop their interests and hobbies. Therefore, they have lost interes

25、t in their studies. Others think school is the best place to get knowledge, so they should put their heart into their lessons. Some students lack the ability to control themselves. Once out of school, they may lose control of themselves and do something that will influence / affect their studies. Pe

26、rsonally , I think it is necessary to keep students at school. But at the same time schools should organize various activities so that students can enjoy their school life. (I dont agree to keep students at school all day. Schools should offer students more free time to develop their personal intere

27、sts.) Exercise Most of the sentences in the following paragraph are simple ones and you may find it boring to read them. Now try to combine some of the sentences into compound or complex sentences where possible or necessary. I still remember the first day when I came to college. It was a sunny day.

28、 Everything seemed fresh to me. All the freshmen were excited . I was very excited, too. I had long dreamed of becoming a college student . Later my dream had come true. This was really a turning point in my life. I Looked at the modern classroom buildings and the large library. I felt proud of my c

29、ollege. I knew that going to college would be a good opportunity for me to obtain a great deal of knowledge. The knowledge would be useful for my future career. But I knew that studying at college was also a great challenge to me. I had to learn how to overcome the difficulties in my study and life

30、at college. Anyway, I was determined to study hard. I must live up to the expectations of my parents and my friends. I was sure that I could face the challenge. I would make the best of the opportunity. I would prove myself a worthy college student. I still remember the first day when I came to coll

31、ege. It was a sunny day. Everything seemed fresh to me. All the freshmen were excited. I was very excited, too. I had long dreamed of becoming a college student . Later my dream had come true. This was really a turning point in my life. I Looked at the modern classroom buildings and the large librar

32、y. I felt proud of my college. I knew that going to college would be a good opportunity for me to obtain a great deal of knowledge. The knowledge would be useful for my future career. But I knew that studying at college was also a great challenge to me. I had to learn how to overcome the difficultie

33、s in my study and life at college. Anyway, I was determined to study hard. I must live up to the expectations of my parents and my friends. I was sure that I could face the challenge. I would make the best of the opportunity. (19) I would prove myself a worthy college student.Revised: I still rememb

34、er the first day when I came to college. It was a sunny day and everything seemed fresh to me. I was very excited like other freshmen, because my dream of becoming a college student had come true. This was really a turning point in my life. Looking at the modern classroom buildings and the large lib

35、rary, I felt proud of my college. I knew that it would be a good opportunity for me to obtain a great deal of knowledge useful for my future career and the society, but studying at college was also a great challenge to me, for I had to learn how to overcome the difficulties in my study and life. Any

36、way, I was determined to study hard in order to live up to the expectations of my parents and my friends. I was sure that I could face the challenge, make the best of the opportunity and prove myself a worthy college student. It was a sunny day. Everything seemed fresh to me. It was a sunny day and

37、everything seemed fresh to me. All the freshmen were excited. I was very excited, too. I had long dreamed of becoming a college student . Later my dream had come true. I was very excited like other freshmen, because my dream of becoming a college student had come true. I Looked at the modern classro

38、om buildings and the large library. I felt proud of my college. Looking at the modern classroom buildings and the large library, I felt proud of my college. I knew that going to college would be a good opportunity for me to obtain a great deal of knowledge. The knowledge would be useful for my futur

39、e career. But I knew that studying at college was also a great challenge to me. I had to learn how to overcome the difficulties in my study and life at college. I knew that it would be a good opportunity for me to obtain a great deal of knowledge useful for my future career and the society, but studying at college was also a great challenge to me, for I had to learn how to overcome the difficulties in my study and life.