高一英语上基础知识复习重难盲点

1、高一英语(上)基础知识复习(重 难 盲点)Part one:重要词、词组、知识点1.表情感的动词分词形式变来的形容词的用法ed: “感至U 的“， 般指人(bored/tired/puzzled/frightened/scared/astonished/moved)ing: 冷人 的”，般指物或事 (boring/tiring/puzzling/frightening/ astonishing/touching)It is(frighten) to see the terrible accident happen.I have never spent a more(worry) day.The

2、 (puzzle) look on her face suggested that she hadnt understood the question.at ease:安逸，自在 with ease=easily uneasy:心神不安的,不自在的be used to do sth：被用来做 be/getused to sth / doing sth:习惯于做 used to do sth:(过去)常常做 There used to be(以前有 )Pay attention to doing sth (to 为介词)Look forward to doing sthdo用来加强语气“的确/确

3、实”，有时态变化，其后接动词原形。I do like eating dessert after meals.Tom did enter the bank last night.就”的表达on/upon sth/doing sth Upon finishing his studies , he started to work in a company. On his arrival at London, he came to see me.the moment/second/minute+ be required to do sth; require that（shouldstdorequire

4、 sth of sb We did all that was required of us.act in a play/film; act the part of Zhou Enlai ;act as:作为/充当be in charge of /take charge of : 负责;be in the charge of :由 负责Charge （sb） money for sth/doing sth （收费）;free of charge=for freebring under control, lose control of 比较：be in control of :控制一 ; be i

5、n the control of ：由控制the reasonfor sth/doing sththe cause of : 的起因The reason why+从句 is that 从句For the following reasons / no reason;下列情感动词用作及物动词（please/interest/excite/puzzle/astonish/surpriseb）It is impossible to please everybody. What she said interested us greatly.Close/deep/wide/high:用作副词时，指 具体的

6、“近/深/宽/高”get close to, dive deep into the sea, open his eye wide, fly high in the sky closely（严密地/细致地）,deeply（深深地）, widely（广泛地）,highly（高度地）:指抽象的 watch closely, deeply moved by his words, widely used, think highly ofexplain sth to sb; explain to sb sthinsist on doing sth; insist that （should）do:坚决要求，

7、insist that 从句（一般用法）：坚持认比较：suggest （暗示/表明）+that从句（一般用法，陈述语气）suggest健议）that- （should） do sthsuggest sb/on栖 doing sthadvise that （should） do sthadvise sb to do st hgive sb some advice （不可数） on； ask （sb） for advice; take/follow ones advicemake some suggestions （可数）contain:包含/容纳（侧重于指内容 /成分）Include:包括（侧重

8、于指整体与个体）作状语：including sb/sth = sb/sth includedwork(v):行得通，有作用 /效果Your idea wont work in tect - from/against sth/doing sth: 保护 免受一prevent from sth/doing sth: 预防 /阻止做 stop (from)doing sth / keep sb from doing sthforbid sb to do sth / forbid sb from doing sth:禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth考虑： cons

9、ider doing sth认为： consider sb to do sth f be considered to do sth ; consider sb/sth (to be/as)take a risk;risk ones life , risk doing sthrecognize sb/sth:辨认出( her voice on the phone) recognize sb as公诙/认可某人 be recognized as 接不可数名词：a great/good deal of; a good amount of接可数复数：a large number of,a great

10、many皆可： a lot of=lots of; plenty ofsearch sb/sp搜查 /身,search for :寻找 (search sb/sp for ); in search of:(为了)寻找research into :探讨 /调查do some research onThere is a/no possibility that 从句 / of sthcase 案子/病例The case against her will be heard tomorrow. 3 cases of SARScase:情况 in that/this case:在那/这种情况下比较：in

11、case + 从句;in case of sthstate:州；国家(侧重于指政府)state:状态/况in a state of disorderState (v) ones opinion on :陈述对于 的观点in support of :支持 He has a large family to support(v. 赡养 /养活)envy sb sth 羡慕 /妒嫉I dont e nvy you your journey in this bad weather.envy(n): 羡慕/忌妒的根由 /对象He has become an envy of all his friends.

12、reach sp抵达某地reach for :伸手去拿 /够within/out of /beyond ones reachClaim to do sth宣称要做claim against damage=make a claim for damage:要求赔负 拣j失in the form of.:以 一 的形式 form (vt) a group/ the good habit of (绢建： 养成)set sail forsp; leave for sp;set off forsp. be present ata meeting/a party:出席 /参力口. result in:导致

13、/引起(=cause/lead to)As a result 因此.确定的It is certain that .把 与 相比：compare- with/to 把 比作 . 1: comparetothe people present:在场的人result from由造成/弓I起as a result of:因为Sb is sure/certain that (sure 只能指人)与 相比而言(作状语):compared withhave sth/nothing in common (with )：(与一)有/无共同之处have sth/nothing to do with ： 与有/无关s

14、urvive(vt) sth: 幸免于 /经受住(The house survived the storm.)pick:挑选 He picked a book to read. (=choose)pick out: 挑选出Pick apples/tomatoes/cotton:采/摘pick a pocket:扒窃Pick up:捡起；(无意中)学到/得到/买到/染上；增加/改善；收听a valuable stamp at a sale; health/speed; English programsProve（实义动词）：prove sb/sth/oneself （to be）； prove

15、sth/ that 从句He proved himself worthy of confidenceProve（系动词，无被动）: prove （to be）+adj/n The method proved （to be） highly effective.live one s dream/faith：（在生活中）实行/践梦想/信念live up to:真正做到 /生活得无愧于 We will live up to what our parents expect of us.host （vt）a program the Olympics:主持/主办host（n）:主人 /主持人 /东道主Be

16、supposed to do sth=should do sth; be supposed to have done =should have done应 “ They were supposed to have come an hour earlier, but they were late.What do with sth? How deal with sth?比较：All the light went out.go out（vi）:熄灭All the lights were turned off. turn off （vt）:关掉work out（vt） the total cost（解

17、决/算出） work out （vi）:锻炼/结果 Things worked out very well.rule out the possibility:排除100k into a room/ the cause of the accident： 朝看； 调step up（vt） the training:力口紧/促进show up=turn up:出现 /露面make up :组成/构成； 编造，补偿 a medical team/50% of the population/ a story/for the lost timeafter all:毕竟/终究above alt首要的是in

18、all :总之/共（not）at all（根本）count（v）:数 /算数 count down（倒数 /计时）； 有效 /重要（Every minute counts）as well as：以及/包括as well=too:用于句末pay off（vi）:成功/得到好结果pay off（vt） debt:还清（债务）Part Two:其它词组/表达法show respect for, achievesuccess/ones goal, for free , on average, drop out（中途退出）,miss doing sth（错过做.）, run a company/scho

19、ol/hospital（经营/管理）,have much experience in, introduce sb to（be introduced to）, the former the latter（前者后者），have a gift for.（在某一方面有天赋 ）, donate sth to sb/sp, give （sb） a speech, on display（在展出）, be pleased with（对满意）, approve of（批准 ），go outing, in nature, to ones surprise, be surprised to do sth, be s

20、urprised at sth, keep in touch with sb（与某人保持联系 ）,be （in）a mess（一团糟）,drive sb mad, be mad at sb（对某人 狂恕），be hard on sb, be rude to sb, punish sb for sth, be bored with （对乏味），be tired/sick of（对厌烦）,be tired with/from（因为一 而疲乏）,mix up, at present, a period of time, argue with sb about sth, like crazy, in

21、one s spare time, spare（ vt:挤出 /抽出）sb ，be ashamed of, take exercise, be harmful to, do harm to, cause/do damage to, be embarrassed about, go on diets, in secret=secretly, in silence=silently, have an effect on/upon, side effect, put on weight, lose weight, along with, in the long/short term, have th

22、e ability to do sth, concentrate on sth, as a matter of fact, in no time, according to sb/sth, make progress（in ），be disappointed at sth / with sb, go wild（ 变野 /疯长），in the wild, be similar to, shoulder to shoulder, run after, come into existence（形成 /产生）,take adventures, go camping, the summer camp,

23、in the dark, upside down, scare/frighten sb to death, scare/frighten sb away, fall sick/ill, at sunrise/sunset, get a wonderful view, take notes, leave sb a note, in total （总共 /之）,live in harmony with nature, have - in common（with ），be curious about, make a discovery, right away/now, shortly after,

24、fresh water, in ancient times, express oneself, express thanks to sb, be based on, keep in contact / touch with, give sb a warning, warn sb of sth / against doing sth, in a difficult position （处于困境）,apply for a position （求职）,be of good quality, be successful in （doing） sthPart Three:语法重难点一、有关定语从句的一些

25、要点I.只能用“that”的情况先行词为 anything/everything/all/any/little 等不定代词时注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句=what +名词性从句（如宾语从句）Well do all （that） we can to help you （= what we can）The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to. （=the way that we were used to）先行词前有序数词，最高级,all /any / th

26、e very / the right / the only 修饰时先行词 既有人又有物 时 We talked about the things and teacherShat we all knew.引导词在从句中作表语时My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.（that 在从句中做表语 ）避免重复时 Who is the person that you want to see.II.不能用that的情况介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bic

27、ycle.非限制性定语从句中， 之后 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代 his, her, their, its及名词所有格（如：Toms/the schools）The book, whose covers broken, is not mine. （= the cover of which = of which the cover）先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用 where, when, why还是用that/which 若从句中被替

28、代部分：作 主语或宾语，用that/which;作状语，用 where/when/why （往往=介词+which）My sister works in a beautiful city, where there are a lot of parks. （=in which）The place that/which interests the children most is Disneyland.（从句中作主语）I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm.（替代 in my childhood）Next winter, _

29、which you ll spend in Harbn, I m sure, will be an exciting holida作 spend 的宾语）Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which happened to be her son s birthday语）This is the very reason that_ you all know.（作 know 的宾语）as引导的定语从句，which指代一句话/一件事the same/as/such/so-as（定语从句 ）: 先行词前有 such/ so, the sam

30、e/as修饰时，定语从句用“as引导比较：such /so格词+as_ （定语从句，as起替代作用，从句 结构不完整 象/如一的） such /so名词+ that （状语从句，从句结构完整如此一以致于）Please lend methe same tool as was used the other day.Mr. Wang is _so.good a teacher as all the students love and respectMr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect himas引

31、导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。常出现在一些固定表达中。 如：as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is reported/said, as is natural, as is often the ca葡时可看作插入语。 as：位置灵活，可前可后；且含有“正如/正像一”的含义。which :只能放于主句之后 ；含有“这,这一点 ”的含义。Tom, as had been expected , got be

32、aten in the gameThey call him “ Meat Ball which I think is not correct. the way ( in which/that):the way 作先行词时，可用in which 或 that 且 般可省略。如： The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feelings.定语从句的主谓一致引导词在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词应与先行词，即所修饰的名词或代词一致Those who break the law are to be punished.But there a

33、re few modern families that have no televisions.比较： He is one of the students who were late for school.He is the only one of the students who was late for school.VIII、非限制性定语从句与并列旬及其它修饰语的异同 若两个分句没有其它任何连接词，而由“，”相连接时，一般把后一个分句看作非限制性定语从句There is a supermarket near here, where we can buy vegetables, fruit

34、.(定语从句) There are two thousand students in our school, two-thirds of whom are girls.There are ten books on the shelf, of which all are of great value.After an hour we got to the top of the mountain, and t here we had a picnic.(并歹U句) He asked ten students to attend the party ,but none of them was fro

35、m his class.The bridge, made of stones (=which was madeof stones), is said to date back to the Tang Dynasty.The weight-loss pills containing harmful chemicals( =which contain.)may damage your liver.IX、注意定语从句与强调句型及其它从句的混用It was in the hotel where they stayed(定语从句, 修饰 hotel) that the murder(谋杀)happene

36、d 2 years ago.It was in the hotelthat the murder happened 2 years ago.磔调句型)He left the key where he had been an hour before.(地点状语从句， 相当于 in the place where) This hotel is where we are to stay tonight.(表语从句, 相当于 the place where一)X.间隔式定语从句：一般说来，定语从句总是紧跟在先行词之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它修饰成分间隔开来，这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句Th

37、e photo brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien s in Bellevilleall of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.A. when B. where C. since D. afterFirst, areas of land must be found where this rubbish can be put.Finally another material is painted on to the

38、 stones which will protect them from water for ever.二、有关强调句型的几个要点I.强调句型的基本结构 ：It is/was+被强调部分(词/词组/句子)+ that/who +原句所剩部分:除强调人时，可用whd外，其它情况都只能用“that,”原句所剩部分不变，特别是 谓语动词不变It was because he drove carelesslythat he had the accident.It is Tom and Peter who are responsible for the failure of the experiment

39、. not-until 句型的强调结构：It was not until that .It was not until the dish died in the lake that people realized how serious pollution was.强调句型的一般与特殊疑问句形式：一般疑问句：Is/Was it +被强调部分 + that ？Was it in the office that you found my book?特殊疑问句：When/Where/What + is/was it + that ? -What was it that made Tom what h

40、e is today?.注意比较强调句型与某些状语从句。比较： It was midnight when they arrived home.（状语从句）It was_at_midnight that they arrived home.（强调句型）注：强调句型的一个特征是要能够还原”原句为：They arrived home at midnight三、有关反意疑问句的几个要点1.陈述部分有few/none/nowhere/ never/hardly/seldom等否定词，问句用肯定She seldom tells a lie, does she?2,否定词缀 un- / im- /in- /

41、dis-构成的词仍视为肯定 Your father is unhappy, isn t he?.主从复合句的反意问句一般：与主句一致 They all think that English is very important, do t they（2）特殊：当陈述部分为“I/We （dont） think/believe/ consider/ + that从句”时，与从句保持一致I think that he has done his best, hasn t heWe don believe that the news is true, ist?.祁使句的反意问句，一般用 will you

42、”，表委婉请求或邀请 时，可用“ wont youYou feed the bird today, will you?Don t make any noisewill you?比较： Let us stop to rest, will you?Let go home together, shall we?.情态动词表猜测的句子的反意问句，与其不表猜测时一样He might have left his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn t he不去猜强U时为 He left his pen , didnt he?）He must have waited f

43、or a long time, hasnt he ?（不表猜测时为 He has waited for a long time, hasnt he?）. He used to live in the country, didn / usedn t he?To do one good deeds easy for a person, isnt it?Where to hold the meeting has not been decided,has it?There are two cakes on the plate, aren t the?eYou better finish your ho

44、mework now, hadn t you?.反意问句或反诘句的答语都应遵循前后一致的原则,其意义应看后半部分。-It didn t rain last night, did it?-Yes, it did, for the ground is wet.-She never sleeps at class.-_Yes Sometimes she does.四、有关动词时态的几个要点（一）、几种常用时态的习惯用法一般现在时表示：1）表示客观真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.2）现在或目前

45、 一般事实；习情件的动作或状态，常与（often/always）表频率的词连用。All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.However busy I am, I write to my parents regularly.3）有计划或有规律的事（如车/船/飞机等的时刻表）The bus leaves at 8 a.m. every day. The shop closesat 11:00 p.m. every day.一般过去时表示1）过去的动作或状态，常与具体的过去时间 （at one time, just now, 2 days

46、 ago）连用 At one time he grew very interested in drawing pictures.表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。如：I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn t.Why didnt you / I think of that?I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didnt recognize him.3）表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由（but/and/when/as soon as/im

47、mediately/the moment）连接The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it. 过去习惯性动作的表达：used to do:指过去经常.而现在不复存在的情况 would do:仅表示过去常常怎么样I used to go to the cinema, but never get the time now.When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after w

48、ork every day.现在完成时 （has/have done; have/has been done）1）动作开始在过去，但对现在产生 的影响（一般为短暂动词）,常与already/almost/yet, ever/never, recently/lately, jus t等连用I havent heard anything from him yet.Have you ever read such an interesting book?-Who has taken my dictionary? I can find it now.-Sorry its me. I forgot to

49、tell you.过去开始的某一动作一直延续到现在.常与 for，since,sofa表示时间段的时间状语连用，需用延续性动词We have had plenty of rain here since we parted last month.改错： He has left Shanghai for ten years. f He has been away from Shanghai for 10 yearsI have married Jane for 4 years. f I have been married to Jane for 4 years.3）表示重复的动作，常与twice/

50、many times/before等连用。I have been there many times.: 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时：虽然动作开始在过去，但与现在有关系（强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，或动作到现在还在继续），不与具体的过去时间连用。一般过去时：强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在无关系。改错：He has studied in that university for 4 years. Now he works in a company.（改为 studied）过去完成时（had done; had been done底示1）某一过去时间或动作发生之前的动作，强调的是

51、 过去的过去，因而一定要有参照的过去 时间,常与before/by/by the time /by the end of 等时间状语连用 The road was crowded with people. We hadn t foreseen that before.-The spy was found at last.Mhere had he hidden himself?By then his family hadnt heard from him for 3 years.The plane had a卜eady taken off by the time we arrived at th

52、e airport.By the end of last month,80% of the project had been finished 用 had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ wanted/可表示 本想/打算 ”I had planned to finish it on time, but I had not enough time.I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away.:过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；

53、如出现同一主语 连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则用一般过去时即可。.将来完成时（will have done; will have been done ）:将来某一时间之前完成的动作By the end of this month, we will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.The conference will have lasted a full week by theme it ends. 比较：若 by/by the time/by the end of + 过去时间,则主句用“had done”若 by/by t

54、he time/by the end of + 将来时间,则主句用“will have done”.现在完成进行时 （have/has been doing）:强调某一动作或状态到现在一直在进行，并将继续下去. 比较： have been done:已经被 （被动）have been doing: 一直在（主动）如：she has been writing letters all the morning.（她整个早上一直在写）We haven t beeoldwhat has happened.（我们还没有被告知 ）.过去完成进行时（had been doing）：其用法与现在完成时一样，只不

55、过参照的是过去某一时间I had been studying English for three years before I came to this school.几种 将来”表达方法的区别. be going to do侧重于指 近期的打算、安排”，这种打算 往往经过事先考虑We are going to visit the Great Wall at weekends.will /shall do :侧重于表 意愿”，表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。“Will ”有时可用在状语从句中，表示 愿意”If you will listen to me, I will give yo

56、u some advice.We advised him to give up smoking. But he wouldn listen to us.（不愿意）be to do （be to be done :表示 计划、打算”较正式:或表示 吩咐/命令/禁I上/义务”等A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o clock this afternoon.You are to be back by 9 o clock at the latest.This trip was to change her life.be about to do就要/正要“不与具体的时间连用

57、，常用于be about to do when句型中Be quick. Flight No. 302 is about to take off.They were about to break into the jewelry shop when the police appeared. Come/go/leave/arrive/stay/lose/win/di反词的进行时表示 即将”This ship is sailing for Shanghai tomorrow.It seems to me that our team is losing.:在时间、条件 等状语从句中.不能用将来时态表示

58、将来.而要用现在时态（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）或过去时态表示。I ll call you as soon as I ve done my work.改错：It wont be long before man will land on the Mars. （改为 lands）Jane said he wouldnt go home until he would finish his work tomorrow.( 改为 finished)We will give him the book the moment we will see him tomorrow. (改为 see)现在进行时 (am/is/are doing; am/is/are being done)1)现在某一刻或某一时段内正在进行的动作或延续的状态At present the students are preparing for the entrance exam.Selecting a mobile phone is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.Nowadays lots of species of p