高一英语Module3TheViolenceofNature知识精讲

1、高一英语 Module 3 The Violence of Nature【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Module 3 The Violence of Nature教学目标：本模块着重培养学生准确理解词义的能力，学会下定义，解自然灾害的危害，激发学生学好科学文化知识的决心和信心。提高归纳能力，并通过课文了单词：disaster column bury violent erupt possibility sadly 短语：pick up firefloodhurricanelightningthunderstormtornadoexperience causecurrentlatitudefur

2、niturefeatherfuroccurtropicalequatorrotatingwavestrikecemeterycoffinruinashlavatidalvolcanopreviouseruptionearthquaketerrifyingluckilythankfullyhopefullyfortunatelywarningworldwideactivedamagetake offon averageend upset fire tocatchput outtake placein all重点词语：disaster pick up catch fireexperiencecau

3、setake offon averageput outtake placeoccurstrikeend upset fire toin allerupt词语要点归纳：.潜点解读Do you know anyone who has experienced one of the events?你知道有人经历过这些事件之一的吗？who引导定语从句修饰 anyone并且在从句中做主语。在定语从句中若先行词为人，定语从句用who或whom引导，取决于关系代词在定语从句中做主语还是做宾语。若先行词有人有物，则用 that引导。I always remember the teacher who once h

4、elped me a lot .我永远记着那位曾经给过我很多帮助的老师。They talked about the teachers and the school that they remembered.他们谈论他们记着的老师和学校。Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident .A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom.潜点解读Connect all the words you find out that refer to the sam

5、e thing.把你找到的涉及到同一件事情的单词连起来。本句中含两个定语从句。you find out在从句中做定语，修饰 the words ,因为关系代词在定语从句中做宾语故可省略。而that refer to the same thing也修饰the words ,但that在从句中做主语指代先行词，不可省略。Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explaine

6、d.潜点解读Don you know anyone who has experienced one of these events?你认识经历过这样一个事件的人吗？event(1)事件、事变、大事(2)(体育竞赛)项目辨析：event, accident 与 incidentevent一般指重大的“事件”，尤其指历史事件。如：The founding of the People s Republic of Chigaeaaevent in the history of mankind.中华人民共和国的成立是人类历史上的一件大事。accident指意外的事故，如：车祸；飞机失事；不幸的灾难等。如

7、：He was killed in the railway accident. 他死于铁路交通事故。incident通常指小事，如日常琐事；也指众人瞩目的大事件，经常带有政治性。如：The Lugouqiao Incident took place on July 7 , 1937.卢沟桥事变是在l937年7月7日发生的。Celebrating the success of Beijing s bid for 2008 OlympicGames was the main of our country in 2001.A. matterC. thingB. eventD. work.潜点解读Be

8、cause of the Gulf Stream, the United Kingdom and other places in Europe are much warmer than parts of Canada on the same latitude.因为墨西哥湾暖流的影响，英国及欧洲的其他地方比同纬度的加拿大的地区要温暖得 多。much用做副词，表示“得多”，用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。Space travel will become much cheaper.太空旅行的费用将会便宜得多。注意：常用来修饰形容词或副词比较级的词还有：(1)疑问词：any 一些” 点”。Is he a

9、ny better today?他今天好些了吗？(2)否定词： no, not any, hardly any 并不He went no further than the bridge.他只走到桥边。After taking the medicine , he felt hardly any better.他服药后几乎仍不见好。肯定词： a lot; a great deal; far. by far； greatly 得多”；a little; a bit ; slightly “稍微” “一点” “一些”；even, still 而Our room is slightly bigger t

10、han theirs.我们的房间比他们的稍大些。(2004 福建高考)The number of people present at the concert was than expected. Therewere many tickets left.A. much smallerB. much moreC. much largerD. many more.潜点解读What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by tornado?当一间房子被龙卷风袭击时家具会发生什么事？happen vt.发生作“发生”讲The acciden

11、t happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。与介词to搭配，构成词组happen to sb. /sth.,意为“发生在某人/物身上”What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up?如果Peter和Alice离婚孩子们怎么办？与不定式to连用，构成词组 happen to do/be/be doing ,意为“偶然发生；巧遇”I happened to be in the market yesterday when a fire started.昨天发生火灾时，我正好在市场上。辨

12、析：occur, happen, take place 与 break out当事件做主语时，occur和happen同义，可互换。The accident happened/ occurred early this morning.这个事故今天一早发生。在表示“在脑海中出现某种想法时，应使用occur而不用happen。An idea occurred to me.一个想法出现在我的脑海里。在表示“碰巧做某事；偶然做某事”时，应使用 happen,而不用occur。At that time I happened to have no money about me.那时，我碰巧身上没带钱。ta

13、ke place做“发生”讲时，更多用于事先计划或预想到的事物，没有“偶然”之意， 常可引申为“进行，举行”。When will the sports meeting take place?运动会什么时候举行？(不用happen)break out表示战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等的爆发。A big fire broke out last night. 昨晚发生了 场火灾。典型示例：When 1 went to see him , he at home.A. was happenedB. happenedC. happened to be D. happened to beingWhat to th

14、e owner when the fire.happened; broke outC. happened; was taking placetook place ; went out D. took place ; was happeningdestroy n破坏；粉碎辨析：destroy, damage, harm, hurt, injure 与 wounddestroy毁灭，消灭，指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很 难修复，有时可用于比喻意义。damage伤害，损害，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般可修复。harm伤害，损害，主要用于有生命的东西。常

15、指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等。hurt指精神上或肉体上的“创伤、伤害”。做不及物动词意思是“疼”，其过去分词不能 做定语。injure指意外伤害事故造成的伤害，有危及功能发展之意。注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受伤者。wound一般指刀伤，枪伤等战场上受的伤， 也可指对感情的伤害，后跟宾语指整个人而不是受伤的部位。另外，Wound还可做名词。the wounded表示伤员。- What happened to the priceless works of art?They were destroyed in the earthquakeThe earthquake was

16、destroying themThey destroyed in the earthquakeThe earthquake destroyed them6.潜点解读The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometers per hour.最激烈的龙卷风达到每小时 400千米以上。more thanmore than+ n.表示超出该名词所指，意思是“不止，不仅仅是“。Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不止是一般的睡眠。more than + adj. /v.,表示加重语气，意思是很，非常 。I am mor

17、e than happy to help you.帮助你我特别高兴。more than+数词，表示超出该数，意思是“多于，大于 。more than one+单数可数 名词，意义为复数，其做主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one person has made this suggestion.不止一个人提过这个建议。more than+ (that)从句，其基本意义是“超过”，但可译成“简直不，远非”。That is more than I can tell.那我简直不懂。(5)如果在more than之间插入形容词或副词，这时它就有两种含义：一为普通的比较 级的用法；二是用来表示

18、“与其说倒不如说”的意思，试比较：The concert is more enjoyable than lecture.音乐会比讲座更令人愉快。辨析：no more than 与 not more thanno more than only 仅仅； 同样His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他所受的全部学校教育加起来只有一年。He is no taller than me.我们俩都不高。not more than at most 至多，不超过；不比更There are not more than six peo

19、ple over there.至多有6个人在那里。This coat is not more expensive than that one.这件外衣不比那件贵多少。Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.more than twiceas twice as manytwice as many asmore than twice as many.潜点解读Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next

20、 street.龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车.甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道。pick up捡起、拾起、学会；(顺便用车)接He picked up his suitcase and went out.他提起箱子走了出去。Young children pick up a foreign language very quickly.小孩子学外语很快。I ll pick you up at youoffice.我到办公室来接你。联想pick out选好；选出；看出He picked out his sister in the crowd.他在人群中认出了他妹妹。She his number in the

21、 phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked up C. picked out B. looked for D. picked up.潜点解读On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.平均来说，在美国每年有 800次龙卷风。造成大约 80人死亡，1,500人受伤。causing about 80 deaths为现在分词短语表结果，相当于一个状语从句。注意：分词做状

22、语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致.分词做状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能用分词做状语，分词或分词短语做状语时，还可表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等。Being a student, (As I am a student), I must study hard.作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。While crossing the street, be careful.过街时要小心。CD Though money , his parents managed to send him to university.A. 1acked C. 1acking B. 1acki

23、ng of D. 1acked infrom heart trouble for years , Professor White has to take some medicines with him wherever he goes.A SufferedC. Having sufferedB. SufferingD. Being suffered.潜点解读：The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.这场灾难杀死了 37,000人中的6,000人，并且破坏了

24、3,600栋建筑。population(1)表示“某地拥有多少人口” 一般用于地点名词+has a population of+基数词”或“The population of+地点名词+is+基数词”结构。(2)询问或打听某地人口数要用what,而不用how many或how much。(3)表示人口多 常用 a large (great) population ；表示人 口少，常用 a small population , 而不用 a lot of, many, much , few , little 等修饰。population做主语时，若表示某地的全体人口，谓语动词用单数；若表示部分人口

25、，谓语动词用复数。归纳拓展用what提问的内容：the distance?(品巨离)the attitude?(态度)the price?(价格)the address?(地址)the height/depth/width/length/size/weight ?(高度/深度/宽度/长度/尺寸/重量) 典型示例：the population of your town?How many areHow much isWhat s the number ofWhat is10.潜点解读By the late 1890s , he had moved to Galveston , where he d

26、ied in 1899 , a year before the hurricane struck.到19世纪90年代晚期，他移居凯利维斯顿，1899年他死在那儿，是那场飓风袭击的前一年。where he died in 1899 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 Galveston, a year before 做年份 1899的同位语。(NMET 2002 ) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment ,I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what T

27、he mayor of Beijing says that all constructions work for the Beijing Olympic by2006.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed语法知识GRAMMAR IThe Past Perfect Passive (过去完成时的被动语态)By the time the tornado ended , more than 700 people had been killed. Coghlan tr

28、aveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.上述两句当中均使用了过去完成时的被动语态，它的构成形式为：had + been+ P. P.。一方面表示被动含义，另一方面又强调动作在过去某个动作之前已经发生。如上述句中动作 had been killed发生于飓风 ended之前。再如： After the hurricane , Mary found that her house had been destroyed.飓风过后，Mary发现她的房子被大风刮倒了。When they arrived , they found tha

29、t all the work had been finished.当他们到达时，他们发现工作已经完成了。 He had to leave his house because it had been flooded in the heavy rain.房子在大雨中被淹，他不得不离开。GRAMMAR 直接弓I语和间接弓I语( Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)概述引用别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是直接引述别人的原话， 把它放在引号内，叫直接引语(direct speech)；另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语( indirect speech)。 间接引

30、语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。间接引语不用引号。如：直接引语：Mary said , I have seen the film.玛丽说：“我已经看过这部电影。”间接引语：Mary said (that) she had seen the film.玛丽说她已经看过这部电影。直接引语变成间接引语的一般规则直接引语变为间接引语时，句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要作相应的变化。变动的一般规则如下:直接引语间接引语时态一般现在时现在进行时 现在完成时一般过去时 过去完成时一般将来时can may must一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)过去将来时could mi

31、ght had to指示代词histhesethatthose时间状语Now, today, tonight his week ( month , etc. ) yesterday _ast week ( month, etc.)Three days ( a year, etc. ) ago tomorrow next week (month, etc.)then ,that day ,that nightthat week (month, etc.)the day beforethe week ( month, etc. ) beforethree days (a year, etc. )

32、beforethe next (following ) daythe next (following ) week (month , etc.)地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake注意(1)以上变化，应根据实际而定。如当地转述，here不变，如当天转述，yesterday,tomorrow等也不变。(2)直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：He said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.各种直接引语变成间

33、接引语的方法(1)直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语由that引导，that常可省略。主句中的say tosomebody (对某人说)通常改为tell somebody (告诉某人)：He said, “ I like English very much.他说：“我非常喜欢英语。”He said that he liked English very much.他说他非常喜欢英语。She said, “Il come again tomorrow.她说：“我明天再来。”she said that she would go again the next day.她说第二天再去。Mary said to

34、 them 1 want some coffee玛丽对他们说：“我想喝点咖啡。”Mary told them that she wanted some coffee.玛丽告诉他们说她想喝点咖啡。(2)直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语由连词if或whether引导，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，变间接引语，要改成 asked。She said, “ Are you busy? 她说：“你们忙吗？”She asked (us) if we were busy.她问我们是不是很忙。He said, Did you see the film last night?他

35、说：“昨天晚上你看电影了吗 ？”H e asked (me) whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头天晚上是否已经看了这部电影。The doctor said, “ Are you feeling better today?医生说：“你今天感觉好些吗？”The doctor asked him if he was feeling better that day.医生问他那天感觉是否好些。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，将原来的疑问句语序 变为陈述句的语序： Which one do you like best

36、? . he asked me“你最喜欢哪一个？他问我道。He asked me which one I liked best.他问我最喜欢哪一个。The teacher asked her, “ Why does she have so many strangeuestions? 老师问她：“为什么她有这么多奇怪的问题？”The teacher asked her why she had so many strange questions.老师问她为什么她有这么多奇怪的问题。Where did you spend your holi day this year? askedhme.“今年你去

37、哪儿度假的？他问我。He asked me where I had spent my holiday that year.他问我那年到哪儿度假的。(4)直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不再是一个宾语从句，而是把动词原形变为动词 不定式。这时，应把主句中的谓语动词按照语气改为tell (要，叫)，ask (请求)，order (命令)等，同时补充祈使句的主语做这些动词的宾语：“Stay here! ” the officetoBthe soldier.“在这儿停下来！”军官对士兵说。The officer ordered the soldier to stay there.军官命令士兵在那儿停下。“

38、Don t take off your coat. she said to her sister.“别脱你的外衣。”她对她姐姐说。She asked her sister not to take off her coat.她要她姐姐不要脱下外衣。“一主二宾三不变”一一巧变引语人称直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化应遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则。“一主”是指直接引语人称代词为第一人称，变为间接引语时，必须与主句的主语 在人称和数上保持一致。如：John said, “1 want to forget the past.John said that he wanted to forget the

39、 past.“二宾”是指直接引语人称代词如是第二人称，变间接引语后须与主句的宾语在人称和数上保持一致(a)。如果主句没有宾语，但直接引语中有称呼语，要把称呼语作为主句 的宾语(b)。如果主句中没有宾语，直接引语也没有称呼语，则将直接引语中的第二人称改 为第一人称，并保持格与数的一致(e)。如：“Do you like English? ” he asked me.He asked me if (whether) I liked English.T ll help you with your maths Wang Lin. Wei Fang said.Wei Fang told Wang Lin

40、 that she would help him with his maths.“Are you going to see a film this evening? Li Ping asked.Li Ping asked if （whether） 1 was going to see a film that evening.“三不变”是指直接引语中的人称代词如果是第三人称，变为间接引语时则不发生变化。如：Mr. Smith said ,“ He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker.【模拟试题】.单词拼写This

41、is one of the worst natural （灾难）in history.Theres a （可能性）that I ll be asked to give a speech.That tree was （袭击）by lightning.We （经历） a lot of difficulty in selling our house.We vesjt bought some new garden （家具）An accident has o in the east of the city.His father is buried in the c on the hill.The p o

42、wner of the house has moved to the south.The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious dL , we got home before it started to rain.II.单项填空1.Ia lot of friends in that country in the last five years.was makingA. madeB.have madeC. had madeD.2.3.4.A hurricane hit the place , several villag

43、es.A. ruinedB. ruiningC. to ruinThese disastersgreat damage to the people there.A. madeB. gaveC. gotCarelessness is theof the terrible accident.D. having ruinedD. did5.6.A. reasonB. factC. causeThe city is builttwo rivers come together.A. thereB. at the placeC. whereLi Lei was far behind the others

44、at first.D.D.truthat whichA. In the 800 metersraceB. In the 800 meters raceC. In the 800 meterraceD. In the 800 meter race一 Excuse me, 1 want to have my watch fixed , but I can find a repair shop.一 I know nearby. Come on , and 1 will show you.A. oneB. itC. someD. thatWhen his friends got there , the

45、 fire.A. was put outB. put outC. had put outD. had been put outMuch damage has been caused the houses there.A. forB. aboutC. toD. againstWe are interested in the weather because it us so directlywhat we wear, what we doC. affectsD. effectsand even how we feel.A. changesB guidesThe fact that Cook s j

46、ourney by ship was quite surprised most travelers with many years .experience; experiencesan experience; experiencea few experiences； experienceexperiences experiencesIt is unfortunate that an earthquake the city again. Some buildings were destroyed.A. struckB. arrivedC. ruinedD. hurtIt is said that

47、 he bought, , 25 books in that shop.A. after allB in allC. all inD. first of allThe teacher told us that the school sports meeting the next week.A. will take placeB.would take placeC. will happenD.would happenThe book forty stamps,three of Great Britain.A. contains ; includesB.is containing ; includ

48、ingC. includes ； containsD.contains ； including.单词拼写海流；潮流n.纬度n.家具n.埋葬vt.羽毛n.（动物的）毛皮 n.发生vi热带的adj.赤道n.旋转的；循环的 adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的； adj.波浪n.（雷电，暴风雨等）袭击 vt. &n.墓地，公墓n.棺材n.旋转气流卷起，掀起去掉结果为，以结束平均来说.翻译句子到去年年底的时候，他们已把新家具油漆好了。她必须逆着水流往上游。一块石头打中了我的头。他把掉在地上的笔捡起来。龙卷风是从雷暴中产生来到地面的旋转气流。平均来说，美国每年发生大约800次的龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，15

49、00人受伤。.完形填空At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting discovery : we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were 1 to show that we all have a body clock 2 us, which controls the 3 and fall of our body energies, 4 us different from one day to the ne

50、xt.The 5of “ a body clock should not be too 6 since the lives of most living thingsare controlled7 the 24 hour night and day cycle. We feel 8 and fall asleep atnight and become 9 and energetic during the day. If the 24 hour-cycle is 10, mostpeople experience unpleasant 11. For example, people who ar

51、e not 12 to working atnight can find that 13 of sleep causes them to 14 badly at work.15 the daily cycle of sleeping and 16 , we also have other cycles which _17 longer than one day. Most of us would 18 that we feel good on some days and not so good on 19; sometimes our ideas seem to flow and at oth

52、er times, they 20 do not exist.1. A. anxiousB. ableC. carefulD. proud2. A. insideB. aroundC. betweenD. on3. A. movementB. supplyC. useD. rise4. A. showingB. treatingC. makingD. changing5. A. inventionB. opinionC. storyD. idea6. A. difficultB. excitingC. surprisingD. interesting7. A. fromB. byC. over

53、D. during8. A. dullB. tiredC. dreamyD. peaceful9. A. regularB. excitedC. livelyD. clear10. A. disturbedB. shortenedC. resetD. troubled11. A. momentsB. feelingsC.sensesD. effects12. A. preventedB. allowedC. expectedD. used13. A. missB.noneC. lackD. need14. A. performB. showC. manageD. control15. A. W

54、ithB. As well asC. ExceptD. Rather than16. A. workingB. movingC. livingD. waking17. A. repeatB. remainC. lastD. happen18. A. agreeB. believeC. realizeD. allow19. A. otherB. the otherC. all otherD. others20. A. justB. onlyC. stillD. yetVI.阅读理解(A)Venice, one of the cities in Italy, was founded in A.D.

55、 811 by the people of Malamocco, fleeing (逃跑) from the Franks. It was said that they were guided by pigeons carrying little crosses, and settled where now Venice lies.Venice is built on 117 islands. It has 150 canals and 400 bridges. The narrow streets, with their historic names, are covered with st

56、ones, but have no footpaths. They are dotted with flowershop signs and lanterns. Shops and palaces stand by side. The brick bridges are high enough to allow boats to pass freely under them.The centre of public life is St. Mark s Square where tourists and citizens sit unsthe famoFlorian and Quadri ca

57、fes to listen to music, enjoying themselves. The Quadri is more popular but the Florian, founded in 1720, is the best-known cafe because it has received such great persons as Byron (an English poet) and Goethe (a German poet).Unfortunately the special position of Venice is threatening (威胁)its own ex

58、istence. The terrain (地势)on which it is built began to sink while the level of the surrounding waters is constantly rising. However, many measures have already been taken to prevent the city from sinking.In the second paragraph, the author.told us who built the city of Veniceshowed up where Venice i

59、sdescribed what Venice is liketalked about why Venice is surrounded by watersWhich of the following shows the right relationship? ( O = Italy ; = Venice; = St. Mark s SquareQ0OAB匚Why is the Florian the famous cafe? Because.it appeared in Byron and Goethe s poemsit is more close to St Mark s Square t

60、han the Quadriit was founded in 1720, much older than the QuadriByron and Goethe were once its customersFrom the article we can see that.many people have fled because Venice s existence is being threatedthe level of the surrounding waters is constantly rising because the city of Venice began to sink