外文+翻译单片机开发板

1、.WD.WD.WD.Introduced single-chipSingle-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At th

2、e same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex system integration on a single chip. Single-chip and computer use i

3、s also similar to the module, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, as well as the role and the same hard disk memory, is it different from the performance of these components are relatively weak in our home computer a lot, but the price is low, there is generally no more than 10 yuan you can use it to

4、 make some control for a class of electrical work is not very complex is sufficient. We are using automatic drum washing machines, smoke hood, VCD and so on inside the home appliances can see its shadow! It is mainly as part of the core components of the control. Single-chip widely used in instrumen

5、ts and meters, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment and the intelligent management in areas such as process control, generally can be divided into the following areas: 1. In the smart application of instrumentation Single-chip with small size, low power consumpti

6、on, control, and expansion flexibility, miniaturization and ease of use, widely used in instrumentation, the combination of different types of sensors, can be realized, such as voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, element, measurement of

7、physical pressure. SCM makes use of digital instrumentation, intelligence, miniaturization and functional than the use of electronic or digital circuitry even stronger. For example, precision measurement equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, and analyzer). 2. In the industrial control MCU can consti

8、tute a variety of control systems, data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent management, intelligent control of the lift, all kinds of alarm systems, and computer networks constitute a secondary control system. Single-chip 70 was born in the late 20th century, experienced

9、 a SCM, MCU, SoC three stages. Single-chip micro-computer 1.SCM that (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, is mainly a single form to find the best of the best embedded systems architecture. Innovation model to be successful, lay the SCM with the general-purpose computers, a completely different path o

10、f development. In embedded systems to create an independent development path, Intel Corporation credit. That is, 2.MCU microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technology development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the target system requirements for the vari

11、ous peripheral circuits and interface circuits, to highlight the target of intelligent control. It covers all areas related with the object system, therefore, the development of MCU inevitably fall on the heavy electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this point of view, Intels development gradua

12、lly MCU has its objective factors. MCU in the development, the most famous manufacturers when the number of Philips Corporation. 3. Single-chip is an independent embedded systems development, to the MCU an important factor in the development stage, is seeking applications to maximize the on-chip sol

13、ution; Therefore, the development of dedicated single-chip SoC formed a natural trend. With the micro-electronics technology, IC design, EDA tools development, based on the single-chip SoC design application systems will have greater development. Therefore, the understanding of single-chip micro-com

14、puter from a single, monolithic single-chip microcontroller extends to applications. AT89C51 Introduction89C51 is a 4K byte flicker with erasable programmable read-only memory (FPEROM-Falsh Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory) of the low-voltage, high-performance digital microprocessors CMOS8

15、, commonly known as single-chip microcomputer. 89C2051 is a flicker with 2K bytes EEPROM-programmable microcontroller. MCU EEPROM erasure can be repeated 100 times. The device ATMEL manufacture high-density nonvolatile memory technology with industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin compatibl

16、e output. Owing to the multi-purpose 8-bit CPU and flash memory chips in a single portfolio, ATMELs 89C51 is a high-performance microcontrollers, 89C2051 is a streamlined version of it. 89C single-chip embedded control system for many provides a flexible and inexpensive program. 1. Key Features: Com

17、patible with MCS-51 4K bytes of programmable Flash Memory Life expectancy: 1000 write / wipe cycle Data retention time: 10 years work full-static: 0Hz-24Hz three-tier program memory lock 128 * 8-bit internal RAM 32 programmable I / O lines Two 16-bit timer / counter 5 interrupt sources Programmable

18、Serial Channel low-power idle and power-down mode -chip oscillator and clock circuitry 2. Pin Description: VCC: power supply voltage. GND: Ground. P0 I: P0 port for an 8-bit open drain bi-directional level I / O port, each pin can absorb current 8TTL door. When the pin P1 the first time I write 1, i

19、s defined as the high impedance input. P0 procedures can be used for external data memory, which can be defined as data / address of the eighth. In FIASH programming, P0 port input as the original code, when FIASH when to check, P0 output of the original code, this time to be pushed outside P0. P1 p

20、ort: P1 port is an internal pull-up resistor to provide the 8-bit bi-directional I / O port, P1 port output buffer to receive current 4TTL door. I write P1 pin 1, the internal pull-high, can be used as input, P1 I was outside when the drop-down low, the output current, which is due to internal reaso

21、ns pull. FLASH programming and check in time, P1 as the eighth address I receive. P2 port: P2 mouth to an internal pull-up resistor 8-bit bi-directional I / O port, P2 I receive buffers, the output current of 4 TTL gate, when the P2 I was writing 1, the pin was inside the push pull-up resistor, and

22、as an input. And therefore as a type, P2 I was outside of the pin down, the output current. This is due to internal reasons pull. P2 I, when used in external program memory or 16-bit addresses to access external data memory when, P2 I address the high-output 8. In the given address 1 when using the

23、internal pull-advantage, when eight of the external data memory read and write address when, P2 I output the contents of special function registers. P2 I check in the FLASH programming and high-eight hours to receive the address signals and control signals. P3 I: P3 port is 8-pin with internal pull-

24、up resistor on the bi-directional I / O port to receive the output current of 4 TTL gate. P3 When I write 1, they were for internal pull-high, and used as input. As input, as the external pull-down low, P3 will output current I (ILL) This is because the pull of the reason. P3 port can also be used a

25、s a number of special features AT89C51 mouth, the following table: Functional I-pin options P3.0 RXD (serial input) P3.1 TXD (serial output port) P3.2 / INT0 (external interrupt 0) P3.3 / INT1 (external interrupt 1) P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input) P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input) P3.6 / WR (externa

26、l data memory write strobe) P3.7 / RD (external data memory read strobe) P3 mouth at the same time flashing check programming and programming a number of control signals to receive. RST: Reset input. When the oscillator device reset, the RST pin to maintain the high level of two machine cycle time.

27、ALE / PROG: When access to external memory, the address latch of the output level to allow for the latch status of the address byte. FLASH programming in the period, this pin for input pulse programming. In peacetime, ALE client to change the frequency of cycle positive pulse output signal, the freq

28、uency of the oscillator frequency of 1 / 6. Therefore it can be used as a pulse output to the outside or for the purpose from time to time. However, it should be noted that: When used as external data memory, it will skip one ALE pulse. If you want to prohibit the output of ALE can be SFR8EH home ad

29、dress 0. At this point, ALE is only in the implementation of MOVX, MOVC instruction is the only role of ALE. In addition, the pin was pushed up slightly. If the microprocessor in the implementation of the state of the external ALE prohibited invalid home. / PSEN: external program memory of the selec

30、ted signal. By the external program memory access refers to the period, twice each machine cycle / PSEN effective. However, when access to external data memory, these two effective / PSEN signal will not occur. / EA / VPP: When / EA to maintain low-level, then during this period the external program

31、 memory (0000H-FFFFH), regardless of whether there is an internal program memory. Note 1 encryption method, / EA will be locked to the internal RESET; when / EA to maintain high-end, the said internal program memory. FLASH programming in the period, this pin is also used to exert power 12V programmi

32、ng (VPP). XTAL1: reverse oscillation amplifier input and the work of the internal clock circuit input. XTAL2: Output from the oscillator reverse. 3. Oscillator characteristics: XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the reverse of the input and output amplifier. The amplifier can be configured to reverse-chip oscillat

33、or. Oscillation oscillation crystals and ceramics can be used. If an external clock source drive the device, XTAL2 should not take. Than to the internal clock signal input through a second sub-frequency flip-flop, so the external clock signal pulse width without any request, but must ensure that the

34、 high-low pulse width requirements. 4. Chip erase:PEROM whole array and three lock-bit erase power by the right combination of control signals, and maintain at a low level ALE pin 10ms to complete. Rub in the chip operation, code arrays were to write 1 and stored in any non-null byte to be programme

35、d to repeat the past, the operation must be executed. In addition, AT89C51 has a steady-state logic, can be in the low to zero frequency under the conditions of static logic, supports two software selectable power-down mode. In idle mode, CPU to stop working. However, RAM, timers, counters, serial p

36、ort and interrupt system are still working. In power-down mode, to preserve the contents of RAM and freeze oscillator, the prohibition of the use of other chip functions until the next reset date hardware. 5. Structural features: 8-bit CPU; Chip oscillator and clock circuit; 32 I / O lines; Addressi

37、ng the scope of the external memory ROM, RAM64K; The two 16-bit timer / counter; 5 interrupt sources, two Interrupt Priority; Full-duplex serial port; Boolean processor;单片机介绍单片机是指一个集成在一块 HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/26651.htm t _blank 芯片上的完整计算机系统。尽管他的大局部功能集成在一块小芯片上，但是它具有一个完整计算机所需要的大局部部件： HYPERLINK

38、:/baike.baidu /view/2089.htm t _blank CPU、 HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/1082.htm t _blank 内存、内部和外部 HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/1389.htm t _blank 总线系统，目前大局部还会具有外存。同时集成诸如通讯接口、 HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/281961.htm t _blank 定时器，实时时钟等外围设备。而现在最强大的单片机系统甚至可以将声音、图像、网络、复杂的输入输出系统集成在一块芯片上。单片机内部也用和电脑功能类似的

39、模块，比方CPU，内存，并行总线，还有和硬盘作用一样的存储器件，不同的是它的这些部件性能都相对我们的家用电脑弱很多，不过价钱也是低的，一般不超过10元即可用它来做一些控制电器一类不是很复杂的工作足矣了。我们现在用的全自动滚筒洗衣机、排烟罩、VCD等等的家电里面都可以看到它的身影！它主要是作为控制局部的核心部件。单片机广泛应用于仪器仪表、家用电器、医用设备、航空航天、专用设备的智能化管理及过程控制等领域，大致可分如下几个范畴：1.在智能仪器仪表上的应用单片机具有体积小、功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化和使用方便等优点，广泛应用于仪器仪表中，结合不同类型的 HYPERLINK :/baike.

40、baidu /view/16431.htm t _blank 传感器，可实现诸如电压、功率、频率、湿度、温度、流量、速度、厚度、角度、长度、硬度、元素、压力等物理量的测量。采用单片机控制使得仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化，且功能比起采用电子或数字电路更加强大。例如精细的测量设备 HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/1608633.htm t _blank 功率计， HYPERLINK :/baike.baidu /view/130973.htm t _blank 示波器，各种分析仪。2.在工业控制中的应用用单片机可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统。例如工厂流水线的

41、智能化管理，电梯智能化控制、各种报警系统，与计算机联网构成二级控制系统等。单片机诞生于20世纪70年代末，经历了SCM、MCU、SoC三大阶段。 1.SCM即单片微型计算机Single Chip Microcomputer阶段，主要是寻求最正确的单片形态嵌入式系统的最正确体系构造。“创新模式获得成功，奠定了SCM与通用计算机完全不同的开展道路。在开创嵌入式系统独立开展道路上，Intel公司功不可没。2.MCU即微控制器Micro Controller Unit阶段，主要的技术开展方向是：不断扩展满足嵌入式应用时，对象系统要求的各种外围电路与接口电路，突显其对象的智能化控制能力。它所涉及的领域都

42、与对象系统相关，因此，开展MCU的重任不可防止地落在电气、电子技术厂家。从这一角度来看，Intel逐渐淡出MCU的开展也有其客观因素。在开展MCU方面，最著名的厂家当数Philips公司。3.单片机是嵌入式系统的独立开展之路，向MCU阶段开展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决；因此，专用单片机的开展自然形成了SoC化趋势。随着微电子技术、IC设计、EDA工具的开展，基于SoC的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的开展。因此，对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。AT89C51介绍89C51是一种带4K字节闪烁可编程可擦除只读存储器FPEROMFalsh Pr

43、ogrammable and Erasable Read Only Memory的低电压，高性能CMOS8位微处理器，俗称单片机。89C2051是一种带2K字节闪烁可编程可擦除只读存储器的单片机。单片机的可擦除只读存储器可以反复擦除100次。该器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存储器制造技术制造，与工业标准的MCS-51指令集和输出管脚相兼容。由于将多功能8位CPU和闪烁存储器组合在单个芯片中，ATMEL的89C51是一种高效微控制器，89C2051是它的一种精简版本。89C单片机为很多嵌入式控制系统提供了一种灵活性高且价廉的方案。 1.主要特性： 与MCS-51 兼容 4K字节可编程闪烁存储器

44、寿命：1000写/擦循环 数据保存时间：10年 全静态工作：0Hz-24Hz 三级程序存储器锁定 128*8位内部RAM 32可编程I/O线 两个16位定时器/计数器 5个中断源 可编程串行通道 低功耗的闲置和掉电模式 片内振荡器和时钟电路 2管脚说明： VCC：供电电压。 GND：接地。 P0口：P0口为一个8位漏级开路双向I/O口，每脚可吸收8TTL门电流。当P1口的管脚第一次写1时，被定义为高阻输入。P0能够用于外部程序数据存储器，它可以被定义为数据/地址的第八位。在FIASH编程时，P0 口作为原码输入口，当FIASH进展校验时，P0输出原码，此时P0外部必须被拉高。 P1口：P1口是一个内部提供上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1口缓冲器能接收输出4TTL门电流。P1口管脚写入1后，被内部上拉为高，可用作输入，P1口被外部下拉为低电平时，将输出电流，这是由于内部上拉的缘故。在FLASH编程和校验时，P1口作为第八位地址接收。 P2口：P2口为一个内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P2口缓冲器可接收，输出4个TTL门电流，当P2口被写“1时，其管脚被内部上拉电阻拉高，且作为输入。并因此作为输入时，P2口的管