根文件系统的移植(共11页)

1、根文件系统的移植(yzh)1下载(xi zi)busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2网址(wn zh)：/2解压busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2到桌面rootlocalhost Desktop# tar -xjvf busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2 -C ./rootlocalhost Desktop# cd busybox-1.13.4rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4#3编辑Makefile文件rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# gedit Makefile将CROSS_COMPILE ?=改为CROSS_COMP

2、ILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-将ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)改为ARCH ?= arm4进行默认配置rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# make defconfig/恢复默认配置5对配置信息进行修改rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# make menuconfig HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/mconf HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox

3、.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/msgbox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialogscripts/kc

4、onfig/mconf Config.in在弹出的TUI界面中进行(jnxng)如下配置：检查Miscellaneous Utilities- taskset 是否去除同时设置如下：Busybox Settings - Build Options - *Build BusyBox as a static binry (no shared libs)/选用静态连接 *Build with Large File Support (for accessing files 2 GB) (/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-) Cross Compiler prefix

5、 Installation Options - * Dont use /usr (./_install) BusyBox installation prefix /安装路径 Busybox Library Tuning - (6) Minimum password length (2) MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed * Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes) Support for /etc/networks * Command line editing (1024) Maximum length of input * vi-st

6、yle line editing commands (15) History size * History saving * Tab completion * Username completion * Fancy shell prompts/Setting this option allows for prompts to use things like w and/ $ and escape codes. Give more precise messages when copy fails (cp, mv etc) (4) Copy buffer size, in kilobytes Us

7、e clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) syscall * Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages * Support infiniband HW设置(shzh)完毕后，保存(bocn)、退出。6编译(biny)rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# make. CC networking/inetd.o CC networking/interface.onetworking/interface.c:818: error: ARPHRD_INFINIBAND undeclar

8、ed here (not in a function)networking/interface.c:818: error: initializer element is not constantnetworking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for ib_hwtype.type)make1: * networking/interface.o 错误 1make: * networking 错误 2编译出错，此时需要编辑networking/interface.c文件。rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# ged

9、it networking/interface.c将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1”，然后再次编译。rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# make. CC util-linux/volume_id/volume_id.o CC util-linux/volume_id/xfs.o AR util-linux/volume_id/lib.a LINK busybox_unstrippedTrying libraries: crypt m Library crypt is not needed, excluding it

10、 Library m is needed, cant exclude it (yet)Final link with: m DOC busybox.pod DOC BusyBox.txt DOC BusyBox.1 DOC BusyBox.htmlrootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# ll busybox*-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216 05-11 17:26 busybox-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2045185 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped-rw-r-r- 1 root root 889

11、321 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped.map-rw-r-r- 1 root root 83503 05-11 17:26 busybox_unstripped.outrootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# make install如果(rgu)成功(chnggng)，会出现(chxin)如下信息：-You will probably need to make your busybox binarysetuid root to ensure all configured applets willwork properly.-解决办法是修改_in

12、stall/bin/busybox文件的属性。rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# ll _install/bin/busybox -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216 05-11 17:41 _install/bin/busyboxrootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox /修改busybox属性rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# ll _install/bin/busybox -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 1701216

13、 05-11 17:41 _install/bin/busyboxrootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# ll _install/总计 20drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 17:41 binlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:41 linuxrc - bin/busyboxdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 17:41 sbinrootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# cd _install/rootlocalhost _install# pwd/root

14、/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install7对配置信息进行(jnxng)修改（1）在/tmp/nfs中创建(chungjin)所需的目录rootlocalhost nfs# mkdir -p bin sbin lib/modules etc/init.d dev usr/bin usr/sbin usr/lib proc sys home root boot mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp tmp注意(zh y)：其中bin、dev

15、、etc、lib、proc、sbin、sys、usr是必备的8个目录。rootlocalhost nfs# chmod 1777 tmprootlocalhost nfs# chmod 1777 var/tmprootlocalhost nfs# cd dev/rootlocalhost dev# pwd/tmp/nfs/devrootlocalhost dev# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1rootlocalhost dev# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3（2）复制文件到/tmp/nfs中将/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_

16、install中的内容复制到/tmp/nfs中。rootlocalhost _install# pwd/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_installrootlocalhost _install# cp -a bin /tmp/nfs/rootlocalhost _install# cp -a sbin /tmp/nfs/rootlocalhost _install# ll linuxrc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:41 linuxrc - bin/busyboxrootlocalhost _install# cp -a l

17、inuxrc /tmp/nfs/rootlocalhost _install# ll /tmp/nfs/linuxrc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 17:43 /tmp/nfs/linuxrc - bin/busyboxrootlocalhost _install# cd .rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# pwd/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4rootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /tmp/nfs/etc/rootloca

18、lhost busybox-1.13.4# ls /tmp/nfs/etc/fstab init.d inittab profilerootlocalhost busybox-1.13.4# 8创建配置文件（1）编写etc/inittab文件、修改其权限rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/inittab文件内容如下：:sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS #指定系统初始化脚本文件:respawn:-/bin/login #加上-语句会在登陆终端之后调用/etc/目录下的profile文件:restart:/sbin/init #指定系统重启时执行的初始化程序tt

19、y0:respawn:-/bin/login:shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r#指定关机时执行的操:shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -arootlocalhost nfs# ll etc/inittab-rw-r-r- 1 root root 309 05-11 18:28 etc/inittabrootlocalhost nfs# chmod 755 etc/inittab（2）编写(binxi)etc/init.d/rcS文件、修改(xigi)其权限rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/init.d/rcS文件(wnjin)内容如下：#

20、!/bin/sh# mount all filesystem defined in fstabecho #mount all./bin/mount -a/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2/bin/

21、mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/echo *echo OK 2410 Rootfs made by ztg, 2009.05echo *rootlocalhost nfs# ll etc/init.d/rcS -rw-r-r- 1 root root 92 05-11 18:27 etc/init.d/rcSrootlocalhost nfs# chmod 755 etc/init.d/rcS （3）编写etc/fstab文件、修改其权限rootlocalhost nf

22、s# gedit etc/fstab文件内容如下：proc/procprocdefaults00sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00none/tmpramfsdefaults00mdev/devramfsdefaults00rootlocalhost nfs# ll etc/fstab -rw-r-r- 1 root root 59 05-11 18:30 etc/fstabrootlocalhost nfs# chmod 755 etc/fstab （4）编写etc/proflie文件、修改其权限rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/proflie文件内容如下

23、：# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shellsechoecho -n Processing /etc/profile. # no-op# Set search library pathecho Set search library path in /etc/profileexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib # Set user pathecho Set user path in /etc/profileexport PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/

24、sbin#设置命令搜索路径export HISTSIZE=100export PS1=uh W$ alias ll=ls -l#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 2 netmask /sbin/ifconfig lo echo Configure net doneecho All Doneecho（5）创建密码文件、修改其权限下面3个文件可以从宿主机中复制，只留下root帐号。rootlocalhost nfs# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/rootlocalhost nfs# chmod 600

25、 etc/shadow rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/passwd内容(nirng)是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/shrootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/shadow内容(nirng)是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/group内容(nirng)是：root:x:0:root（6）为mdev创建配置文件rootlocalhost nfs# gedit etc/mdev.conf内

26、容是：空rootlocalhost nfs# ll etc/总计 60-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 117 05-11 19:28 fstab-rw-r-r- 1 root root 14 05-11 20:09 groupdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 20:04 init.d-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 184 05-11 19:33 inittab-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 05-11 20:09 mdev.conf-rw-r-r- 1 root root 30 05-11 20:07 passwd-r

27、wxr-xr-x 1 root root 801 05-11 19:42 proflie-rw-r-r- 1 root root 59 05-11 20:08 shadow（7）删除备份文件rootlocalhost nfs# rm etc/* etc/init.d/*9复制常用的库文件编写脚本文件copy_lib.sh。rootlocalhost nfs# gedit copy_lib.sh文件内容如下：#!/bin/bash#You should put this file cp.sh in /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/ROOTFS_LIB=/tm

28、p/nfs/lib/for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutildocp $file-*.so $ROOTFS_LIBcp -d $file.so.*0-9 $ROOTFS_LIBdonecp -d ld*.so* $ROOTFS_LIBrootlocalhost nfs# ll copy_lib.sh-rw-r-r- 1 root root 303 05-11 20:18 copy_lib.shrootlocalhost nfs# chmod a+x copy_lib.shrootlocalhost nfs

29、# cp copy_lib.sh /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/rootlocalhost nfs# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/rootlocalhost lib# ./copy_lib.sh rootlocalhost lib# cd -/tmp/nfsrootlocalhost nfs# ll lib总计 2516-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 131480 05-11 20:19 ld-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 05-11 20:19 ld-l

30、inux.so.2 - ld-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1560352 05-11 20:19 libc-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 30155 05-11 20:19 libcrypt-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 05-11 20:19 libcrypt.so.1 - libcrypt-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 05-11 20:19 libc.so.6 - libc-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15736

31、05-11 20:19 libdl-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 05-11 20:19 libdl.so.2 - libdl-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 546854 05-11 20:19 libm-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 05-11 20:19 libm.so.6 - libm-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 97975 05-11 20:19 libpthread-0.10.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 05-11

32、20:19 libpthread.so.0 - libpthread-0.10.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 81495 05-11 20:19 libresolv-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 05-11 20:19 libresolv.so.2 - libresolv-2.3.2.so-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13689 05-11 20:19 libutil-2.3.2.solrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 05-11 20:19 libutil.so.1 - libutil-2.3.2.so

33、drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 05-11 11:23 modulesrootlocalhost nfs# 至此(zhc)，一个(y )基本的根文件系统（通过(tnggu)NFS挂载）构建完成。10完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统）注意：在嵌入式系统开发的过程中，一般的做法是通过tftp将操作系统内核下载到开发板，内核引导时通过NFS挂载根文件系统，下面的操作过程既是如此。（1）编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件rootlocalhost Desktop# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftptftp文件内容如下：1# default:

34、 off 2# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer 3#protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless 4#workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, 5#and to start the installation process for some operating systems. 6service tftp 7 8

35、socket_type= dgram 9protocol= udp10wait= yes11user= root12server= /usr/sbin/in.tftpd13server_args= -s /tftpboot14disable= no15per_source= 1116cps= 100 217flags= IPv418（2）重启tftp服务器rootlocalhost Desktop# service xinetd restart（3）编辑/etc/exports文件rootlocalhost Desktop# gedit /etc/exportsexports文件内容如下：/t

36、mp/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)（4）重启NFS服务器rootlocalhost u-boot-1.1.4# service nfs restart关闭 NFS mountd： 确定关闭 NFS 守护进程： 确定关闭 NFS quotas： 确定关闭 NFS 服务： 确定启动 NFS 服务： 确定关掉 NFS 配额： 确定启动 NFS 守护进程： 确定启动 NFS mountd： 确定rootlocalhost u-boot-1.1.4# exportfs/tmp/nfs rootlocalhost u-boot-1.1.4# exportfs -ra/重新扫描

37、配置文件 （5）完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统、用户程序），使用NFS文件系统rootlocalhost u-boot-1.1.4# skyeye1.2.6* WARNING *If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicateyour elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.con

38、f.* /部分启动信息省略Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 OK2410 # run bootcmdTFTP from server ; our IP address is 10Filename uImage.Load address: 0 x31000000Loading: checksum badchecksum bad# # # #doneBytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)# Booting image at 31000000 . Image Name: linux- Created: 2009-05-24 11

39、:22:39 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 1161352 Bytes = 1.1 MB Load Address: 30008000 Entry Point: 30008000 Verifying Checksum . OKOKStarting kernel .Uncompressing Linux. done, booting the kernel.Linux version (rootlocalhost.localdomain) (gcc version 3.4.1) #6 Sun May

40、 24 19:22:08 CST 2009CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) 41009200 revision 0 (ARMvundefined/unknown)Machine: SMDK2410Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2410 (id 0 x32410000)S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHzS3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsCLOCK: Slow

41、mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onCPU0: D VIVT write-back cacheCPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsCPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsBuilt 1 zonelistsKernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=:/tmp/nfs ip=10: init=lin

42、uxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M /部分启动信息省略Memory: 64MB = 64MB totalMemory: 62464KB available (1888K code, 393K data, 92K init) /部分启动信息省略JFFS version 1.0, (C) 1999, 2000 Axis Communications ABJFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.yaffs May 24 2009 19:21:42 Installing. Console: switc

43、hing to colour frame buffer device 80 x25fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory /部分启动信息省略RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksizeCirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)eth0: CS8900A rev D at 0 xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , add

44、r: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5BS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0 xec, Chip ID: 0 x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is n

45、ot recommended !Scanning device for bad blocksBad eraseblock 7 at 0 x0001c000Creating 4 MTD partitions on NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit:0 x00000000-0 x00100000 : bootloader0 x00100000-0 x00400000 : kernel0 x00400000-0 x02c00000 : root0 x02d00000-0 x03c00000 : usermice: PS/2 mouse device common for all miceN

46、ET: Registered protocol family 2 /部分启动信息省略IP-Config: Complete: device=eth0, addr=10, mask=, gw=, host=10, domain=, nis-domain=(none), bootserver=, rootserver=, rootpath=Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).Mounted devfs on /devFreei

47、ng init memory: 92K#mount all.* OK 2410 Rootfs made by ztg, 2009.05*ztg login: rootlogin25: root login on consoleProcessing /etc/profile. Set search library path in /etc/profileSet user path in /etc/profileConfigure net doneAll Donerootztg /root# printenv USER=rootLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/libHOME=/

48、rootPS1=uh W$ LOGNAME=rootTERM=vt102PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbinHISTSIZE=100SHELL=/bin/shPWD=/rootrootztg /root# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:3E:26:0A:5B inet addr:10 Bcast:55 Mask: UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1826 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0

49、 frame:0 TX packets:730 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2386884 (2.2 MiB) TX bytes:116644 (113.9 KiB) Interrupt:53 Base address:0 x300 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr: Mask: UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 ov

50、erruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)rootztg /root# ping -c 2 PING (): 56 data bytes64 bytes from : seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from : seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.021 ms- ping statistics -2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0.021/0.027/0.034 msrootztg /root# ll -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8044 May 14 2009 test /该文件在宿主机通过交叉编译器编译-rw-r-r- 1 root root 284 May 14