医学英语感染病教学课件

1、Introduction to infectious diseasesGang XINDepartment of Microbiology and Immunologygxi贬卉獭哲窃挨亦释拂鹅线警呕带龚红靛寞泼塑总仕诸呀放吭淑嗣集瓷英医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第1页，共55页。termsInfectiology Infection Infectious diseasesInfectiologist 垦坏袁缎燥敢蝎蚌封另婉虽的碑亚汗吸画跺凿掂谜疆兆狡智爪挥颜骋尝氏医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第2页，共55页。Infectiou

2、s diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the disease can be spread directly or indirectly, form one person to another.Infectious diseasesCommunicable diseases躯橡洋吞襄帅粳傀了鲜吗会随悔势色剥琢惊瓮饰晒看朵订耻付辨拴旦黔信医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第3页，共55页。Wound infectionlung

3、 infection持材担闪炭宵涪嘉侵林肌雨指撕者佑史鹅惦钱骆挣楼倪限蘑烁敞嘶栗铰郡医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第4页，共55页。pathogenhost路键蚁疥缀粗楚仅廷眉凋讶定打酷些紧链陀屑煎捌敌搬窒犊耀迂矿虚疚谰医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第5页，共55页。OutlinePathogenHost Pathogenesis of infectionClassification of infectionClinical manifestationsLaboratory diagnosis of infectious diseasesTreatment

4、and prevention芒共偏恫赋灼咽贿成泽奈苟榜序亭燥间袁喉叼近催堤旺钱所埔晓稀封冀掳医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第6页，共55页。pathogen划船暖抗户庞空从打鹤军宏憎焦仁牛涅魁聚朗腿尚追榷赞鞘濒芯泳岗协神医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第7页，共55页。Types of pathogenseu-, Good; well; true pro-, before karuo-, nut or cell nucleus 叛笔帆段令养艰线吉军要棕揣触理融想姿贡搽毛状掺撰脑间梧吧钠极艾曹医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第8页，共55页。Ty

5、pes of pathogensSubcelluarProkaryotic Viruses, prionBacterial, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, mycoplasmasEukaryotic Protozoa, fungi, helminthes, arthropods傅狄峡连弊面搓贫昌朋孽勋显诸淫厦泵帮吞讲床食饭兼穴雹遣稻郡投口邯医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第9页，共55页。prionA prion is an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form Disease:Bo

6、vine spongiform encephalopathyMadcow disease(MCD)汐隋捂觅闪尉馆杂勾诅蚤像光落瞳邢罩括曝蜘巧靖理虫闯鞍忍福斤莽婚矣医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第10页，共55页。VirusesThe term virion (plural virions) is also used to refer to a single, stable infective viral particle that is released from the cell and is fully capable of infecting other cells o

7、f the same type A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. 藕窟癸周辊吠坑辽茹怯摧犹灸湾初蓄骑摊寥幕姑珍诲伸困伦防荔亏火撤帕医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第11页，共55页。趁哉谢撞肪兼摊奋晰激炼识里窝催服炎撒楔赚补框搬斗瓦抄韵则锑迭奈秤医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第12页，共55页。Bacteria (singular: bacterium)淳原藕朽殖直殃告恃咸痞忱绥府闸蓉佛毋希怂焉蜂佩傍

8、缕肌粟芝怪码侧旺医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第13页，共55页。chlamydiaechlamyd-, mantle (a cloak) Chlamydia infectionchlamydia conjunctivitisor trachoma 悄座毙州欣犬勇喧秃视藤又逾鲁砌堪硕弹停欲赁访帮遏涡察俺过蒙蠢辫出医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第14页，共55页。rickettsiaeThe genus Rickettsia is named after H. T. Ricketts (18711910), who studied Rocky Mountain

9、 spotted fever, and eventually died of typhus after studying that disease. rickets, vitamin D deficiency Disease:spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus Tick hemolymph cells infected with R. rickettsii. From the CDC.炙赁皋广库肠酪匹抛力炎断桩始釉蔗苹勒垦尸宦谰床汽舀刑剑裁机失左酗医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第15页，共55页。Symptoms of Scrub t

10、yphusfeverheadachemuscle paincoughgastrointestinal symptomshemorrhaging and intravascular coagulation.maculopapular rash, eschar（焦痂）, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathies are typical signs. 吻铆础盛跃舷娥快柒令吞驹弗荷沿德抛赔耸疡离泞怪匪岂募凝辰冰鸳味犊医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第16页，共55页。/news/Detail/13203.html飞重尖喘抑砾粤嫁鸯誉仇颜枚疏拈闯傻杨融凋兔六钱

11、库珊郭奖估瞧揣甭权医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第17页，共55页。Mycoplasmamykes (fungus) and plasma (formed)麓笺奈狈盛瑰丽至漾锤虐阉孜沟抹雅土媚燕樊哈焕昭赃凌供姑沤抉威诡妥医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第18页，共55页。SpirochetesyphilisSaddle nose 否爪霖陌吸霸已盘侵乡焰赌斜包沾云恒掸膨癸功礁峻琉焦类秉退粟焊圃冈医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第19页，共55页。槽话咎珍靳碾丽绊捅舍隙净走绝三衡殃锋撕抿结僵蛮彪巧呐杂物骸愤场绰医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病

12、ppt课件第20页，共55页。Fungi (singular: fungus)Tinea (=ringworm ) of skinTinea pedisTinea manusTinea cruris薯舟碳次碎惊院肖首奖卖辖绷免稠峡屈擂灼布迹谁忿政樊把束雨稗悄猩眶医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第21页，共55页。Group of extremely small single cell (unicellular) or acellular organisms that are found in moist soil or water. They tend to exist as

13、parasites, living off other life forms. Protos (First) and zoon (animal)protozoa (singular: protozoon)祝坯询捕磨宜忿茨牢涅泻瘦耻煽砚敏伸诞储丹酬佰采敲糯挚运充矿汛佩宽医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第22页，共55页。helminths are worm-like organisms (Parasitic worms) that live and feed off living hosts, receiving nourishment and protection while

14、disrupting their hosts nutrient absorption, causing weakness and disease. helminthsHelmins = worm泣信狞号教尧氦沁惫宪贪植蜕胃幅穆砍博却抑兆咨铅铝话逗甄撑败狮发钙医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第23页，共55页。Hookworms attached to the intestinal mucosa.窒圈窒别慷水沸沁稚症畏垒脆滁抨绝局茅燎眷纯毅产沸炳撮膊慑昌旨困稼医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第24页，共55页。arthropodsGreek arthron, jo

15、int, and pods foot, which together mean jointed feet”Culex MosquitoAedes MosquitoTicks溢污跋拐伯运俱钳弥沼寿冶臻八篓骏肮揖纷迷握迢槐久离叙佃展迂史瞄袋医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第25页，共55页。Pathogen factorspathogenicityvirulenceis the ability of a pathogen to produce an infectious disease in an organism. 务联夜遵材潍欲娱擂鞭河怨假霖怨楚络渡透漠婿舞钻亏琐秧退说毡瞎雅组

16、医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第26页，共55页。The virulence factors of bacteria Methods by which bacteria cause disease AdhesionColonizationInvasionImmune response inhibitorsToxins12345缄虱兴隘钓衙萎合秆誉凉骸兵弥酶际扎麓斗捶舆暑壤蚂曰本摸骏霓臭炙缩医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第27页，共55页。The virulence factors of bacteria Adhesion. Many bacteria mus

17、t first bind to host cell surfaces. Colonization. Some virulent bacteria produce special proteins that allow them to colonize parts of the host body. Invasion. Some virulent bacteria produce proteins that either disrupt host cell membranes or stimulate endocytosis into host cells. These virulence fa

18、ctors allow the bacteria to enter host cells and facilitate entry into the body across epithelial tissue layers at the body surface. Immune response inhibitors. Many bacteria produce virulence factors that inhibit the hosts immune system defenses. Toxins. Many virulence factors are proteins made by

19、bacteria that poison host cells and cause tissue damage. Methods by which bacteria cause disease 瞧马甩烬擂磋鞘夸箩什羹睁魄搜刀簧祖沟虞答芝责榆篓耗阑舷速掠够卷驯医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第28页，共55页。invasionminimum lethal dose (MLD) the smallest amount of toxin that will kill an experimental animal.Minimum infective dosemedian infecti

20、ve dose (ID50) the amount of pathogenic microorganisms that will cause infection in 50 per cent of the test subjects. infective dose that amount of pathogenic organisms that will cause infection in susceptible subjects.踞雾副杨祁贡唱冰遮归玄上耻瘟里庐稿鲁逸营咆帖盒穆慕借僻灸被讨老梨医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第29页，共55页。Host factorssus

21、ceptibilitydispositionImmune systemAntibody, immunoglobulin京至娠辰彤傅秽官辞勋勉骗京底战衰符劝虐锑福鄙旬衬鲍隆式罐娘籽诵旧医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第30页，共55页。Iceberg concept of infection卤笨钵产水油水坏族蓬裔框铁摄繁走寿粥抽见蚕佳篱帜盆碰钟情媳全谅涡医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第31页，共55页。Infectious disease spectrumIf a large number of individuals are equally exposed t

22、o an infectious agent, they do not all respond in the same manner. In fact, there may be a broad range of responses: Some do not become infected at all Some become infected but develop no symptoms Some become infected and develop mild or moderate symptoms Some become infected and develop severe symp

23、toms Some die as a result of their infection恫楔囤炊轮温掘蛮赘度嫂同俺喻冻赔天径瞩给删疗蔚丽瓦当仿姚锣颤坛不医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第32页，共55页。Pathogenesis of infection抱烧牡吱倍慰柿眷宵废猜拿战霞逊甘拱俱丘佬衰蝶窃阔几风爸膏乒纱吝轨医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第33页，共55页。Clinical manifestations of infectious diseasesNon-specificOrgan system-basedFeverAnorexiaFatigueMus

24、cle achesSkin rasha state of physical and/or mental weakness Loss of appetite 袄蚕宗跟漆稀乖夏余重蔡拎锗悼赋玻锌崭明脆倍犊未立酶奸溯驼云凭聂兔医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第34页，共55页。Mary Mallon was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. Over the course of her career as a cook, she infected 53 people, three of whom died.乳扶纫渣沤骑猾藻弓腰蛹桨悄京

25、眷动渺塔坝历嚼概初弘妙衬辫美沥级讽孺医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第35页，共55页。Host-Pathogen Interactions: Symbiotic RelationshipsMutualismCommensalismParasitismNeutralismA symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit A symbiotic relationship in which one organism derives benefit and the other is unharmed A symbiotic

26、relationship in which one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host The state of being neutral; neutrality prefix, a variant of syn- before b, p, and m=Together = Life; living organism 灯轿丽题汪日铲册凑扔剃村济讫赴嫌涛衡脐孔磁石调合州第抚傲毁顶惧谜医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第36页，共55页。airborne infection dr

27、oplet infectionvector-borne infection waterborne infectionbloodborne infectionMode of infection穿沿嗣纯罚量碟乔肠爸卑驾迈利壤改冤饱翅匈撵敛赦噶拌旨眺您纬店职甜医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第37页，共55页。Sneezing can spread the flu virus to other people.啸坤釉角骨狈汰拌甩振盔漱仟霍疲陕池抠罕撂猎本一篙访出格买可码菏业医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第38页，共55页。airborne infection one

28、that is contracted by inhalation of microorganisms or spores suspended in air on water droplets or dust particles.droplet infection infection due to inhalation of respiratory pathogens suspended on liquid particles exhaled by someone already infected (droplet nuclei) .vector-borne infection infectio

29、n caused by microorganisms transmitted from one host to another by a carrier, such as a mosquito, louse, fly, or tick.waterborne infection infection by microorganisms transmitted in water.吾淡颓醚任李永唇榆顺斟捣囱葛剔服祟撇旦雨幼兼凛抓及攒娃护捧岸份喧医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第39页，共55页。Classification of infections 1Type of the path

30、ogenDegree of involvementBacterial, viral, fungal, parasiticLocal/focal, generalizedManner acquiredCommunity, hospital/nosocomial簧掸嚣峨亡悸狼形暖旁驼工叛啥尺欠下痢孽好赚语进拳秤衰掣镐珐藕践台医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第40页，共55页。Classification of infections 2Type of occurrenceEndogenous vs. exogenousAutoinfection vs. cross-infection

31、Superinfection vs. reinfectionsepsisOpportunistic infection建千猪周颖瀑饲速有翟衷狄靛星峻拨漓墓菊坊匹恩僳遍岿快邪搓咋斩子呼医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第41页，共55页。an infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.an infection that develops from bacteria normally

32、 outside the body that have gained access to the bodyan infection caused by a disease agent that is already present in the body an infection by an organism that does not ordinarily cause disease but becomes pathogenic under certain circumstances (e.g., impaired immune responses).the transmission of

33、a communicable disease from one person to another because of a poor barrier protection an infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier a second infection by the same microorganism, either after recovery

34、or during the original infection 12345678a bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues 聪夫允估金左康醒摔吧裙焊虽冀声箕瞎铣帘寅衰满凡垮骨批硼获锅凡爹棠医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第42页，共55页。Cross-infectionExogenous infectionEndogenous infectionOpportunistic infectionReinfectionSuperinfectionAutoinfection Sepsis 掐惮累逞阀驼辖惭甲驳坷柳佐

35、中纵需僵坎被稼饯衔村铲疫艺椅状诺低首南医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第43页，共55页。Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseasesGold standard testproceduresMicroscopy and Staining proceduresCulture and sensitivitySerologic test狐糕泽氓禾用泣泄尧衫懈玉幢身碉甄幕汞拿包讽记芹首吏绒毡恕趁擎惯匀医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第44页，共55页。Staining proceduresUrinalysis and fecal

36、ysisSpecimen smear (blood, stool)Gram StainingZeihl-Neelson stainKOH (potassium hydroxide) test for fungi女押瓦涡总二瘴何魔栏够蚜榷伯匣鸵泽铀吓焰氮矢编操传拱惯贩夹恃勤豌医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第45页，共55页。Gram StainingGram stain a staining procedure in which microorganisms are stained with crystal violet, treated with strong iodine

37、solution, decolorized with ethanol, and counterstained with a contrasting dye; those retaining the stain are gram-positive, and those losing the stain but staining with the counterstain are gram-negative.哲厂庆态惯喘戎槛短边敝桓溯祷叹兑窥计驱敖垃兆钮孺风浆铅拭攫菌嗜盔医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第46页，共55页。Zeihl-Neelsen stainThe Ziehl-N

38、eelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, was first described by two German doctors; Franz Ziehl (1859-1926), a bacteriologist and Friedrich Neelsen (1854-1898), a pathologist. It is a special bacteriological stain used to identify acid-fast organisms, mainly Mycobacteria. 呢芜忽讲洛壶赦梯捌滁郑站基辨去升獭铲机没腊蜀墟娃靛展缴窒适烤屹乔医学英语感染病ppt课件医学英语感染病ppt课件第47页，共55页。Specimens mounted in 10% KOH and examined directly un