从句翻译法解读课件

1、从句翻译法第1页，共38页。 定语从句翻译法 合译法 把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。 Figures are guide which should help us make decision.数据是应能帮助人们做出决策的指南。 第2页，共38页。He who flatters one to the face will surely speak ill of one behind ones back.当面说好话的人背后肯定说坏话。 第3页，共38页。 Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 cou

2、ntries that receive U.S. aid. 国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。第4页，共38页。B 分译法根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind. 任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。（状语从句）第5页，共38页。 The first aid must be given immediately to the patient whose life threatens to die. 由于这

3、个患者有死亡的危险，所以必须对其进行抢救。（翻译为原因状语从句）第6页，共38页。 The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats. 罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。(状语从句)）第7页，共38页。We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical produc

4、ts.现在我们正生活于一种很新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系比物质的产品更为重要。（并列分句）第8页，共38页。 A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine. 一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后，发现了新的露天煤矿。（状语结构）第9页，共38页。 The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolet

5、e process with technology. 公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。 第10页，共38页。2) 主语从句翻译法 A) 以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构 It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible. 重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。第11页，共38页。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人

6、都要受到法律的制裁。（按顺序译出） 第12页，共38页。B) 也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构作句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa （反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。（

7、1994年75） 第13页，共38页。C) 分译法It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security. 这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。（It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的主语） 第14页，共38页。3) 宾语从句翻译法由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译。 Scientists have reason to

8、 think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害.第15页，共38页。 We find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations. 我们发现我们必须和气候、土壤、植物以及诸如此类对所有生物环境都很普遍的因素打交道。第

9、16页，共38页。 We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。第17页，共38页。4) 状语从句翻译法A) 顺译法 While both groups did better than chance wou

10、ld predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. 尽管两组做的比随机猜测的正确度高，但是每组几乎一半的参加者做出了两个或更多的错误选择。 第18页，共38页。 If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arran

11、ged. 如果富国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话，就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。第19页，共38页。B) 逆译法（把位于句末的从句放在句首） The policemen set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还未交赎金，警察就把他放了。 第20页，共38页。 Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their

12、 own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. 第21页，共38页。显然，如果计算机给出的全部答案均需核查，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过，人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，在认为计算机有问题时进行复查。第22页，共38页。C) 有时也可以译为并列句 Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldnt develop without it. 电是一种非常

13、重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。（原文由such that 引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句） 第23页，共38页。5) 表语从句翻译法 大部分情况下可以采用顺译法，间或也可以用逆译法。如My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following is inevitable. 我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。（顺译法） 第24页，共38页。 His view of the press was that the reporters were e

14、ither for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。（顺译法）第25页，共38页。Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.该地区的人们最需要的是水和食品。（逆译法） 第26页，共38页。6) 同位语从句翻译法A) 先译法This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesnt admit of infringem

15、ent. 一个国家的领土不容侵犯，这是国际法中尽人皆知的准则。第27页，共38页。Despite the fact that comets are probably the most numerous astronomical bodies in the solar system aside from small meteor fragments and the asteroids, they are largely a mystery.尽管在太阳系中除小片流星和小行星外，彗星大概是数量最多的天体了，但是它们基本上是神秘莫测的。 第28页，共38页。B) 顺译法As an obedient s

16、on, I had to accept my parents decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all. 作为一个孝顺的儿子，我接受父母的决定，去当大夫，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。第29页，共38页。C) 补译法That racism continues to prevail is indicated by the fact that we, intentionally or not, chose three white men to be the first men as

17、sociated with the moon.种族主义继续占上风可有事实说明：我们有意无意挑选了三位白种人作为首批登月者。 第30页，共38页。7) 长句难句翻译法 英语中的一些长句子语法结构比较复杂，用词比较多，一下不容易掌握主次。因此翻译时，首先应分析清楚原句句法结构，找出句子主干极其它各个层次之间的相互关系，要特别注意连词的运用；然后，分析并确立各句之间的逻辑关系；最后，进行全句翻译，能直译的就直译，不能直译的就意译。第31页，共38页。 It should be realized that when we assign a magnitude and direction to the

18、velocity of a body, we are really expressing its velocity relative to something which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary. 应当认识到，当我们确定某一物体的速度大小和方向时，实际上我们表示的是相对于某一特定参照物是静止不动的。 第32页，共38页。分析：这是一个主从复合句。第一句It should be realized是主句，第二句thatwe are really expressing its velocity relati

19、ve to something是主语从句，第三句when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body是时间状语从句，说明第二句谓语行为所发生的时间，第四句which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary.是定语从句，修饰第二句的something.第33页，共38页。You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and dedu

20、ction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.第34页，共38页。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。句子的结构是：SVO（宾语由先行词it代）+ 宾语补足语 + 由that引导的三个并列从句作句子的实际宾语。这三个宾语从句意义上关系密切，后一个宾语从句进一步说明前一个，在主句中repeated是过去分词，作宾语补语，意义是“反复”。在第二个宾语从句中these