电子与通信技术专业英语Unit 4 lesson 22

1、PART1 Since World War II, computer scientists have tried to develop techniques that would allow computers to act more like humans. The entire research effort, including decision-making systems, robotic devices (Fig.22-1), and various approaches to computer speech, is usually called artificial intell

2、igence (AI). An ultimate goal of AI research is to develop a computer system that can learn concepts (ideas) as well as facts, make commonsense decisions, and do some planning. In other words, the goal is to eventually create a thinking, learning computer. A computer program is a set of instructions

3、 that enables a computer to process information and solve problems. Most programs are fairly rigidthey tell the computer exactly what to do, step by step. AI programs are, however, exceptions to this rule. They can take short-cuts, make choices, search for and try out different solutions, and change

4、 their methods of operation. Lesson 22 Artificial Intelligence(AI)TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART1Lesson 22 Artificial Intelligence(AI) In many AI programs, facts are arranged to enable the computer to tell how many pieces of information relate to each other and to a given probl

5、em. Ifthen rules of reasoning are also programmed in to enable the computer to select, organize, and update its information. According to these rules, if something is true, then certain things must follow. Every action makes new possible actions available. Programs to play chess have been around sin

6、ce the early days of electronic computers, but they tended to be rigid and limited by the skills of the program designer. Detailed instructions on what moves to make and how to respond to an opponents moves were written into a program. Sometimes the suggestions of several chess experts were included

7、. However, such programs seldom defeated human chess experts. The computer program would tend to be strong in the opening part of the game, but would weaken as the game went on.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART1Lesson 22 Artificial Intelligence(AI)TextNew wordNotesExercisesTransla

8、tionVocabulary Thanks to AI research, all that has changed. Recently, chess-playing computer programs have been developed to defeat most human opponentsincluding chess masters. Of course, theres more to artificial intelligence than the ability to play games. Computer scientists are working on dozens

9、 of different practical uses for AI programs. These included operating robots, solving math and science problems, understanding speech, and analyzing images. Perhaps the biggest use of AI programs is expert advisors for trouble-shooting (locating problems and making repairs) complex systems ranging

10、from diesel engines to nuclear submarines and to the human body. In other words, these AI programs search for trouble, detect and classify problem areas, and give advice. The use of AI expert advice systems will not be limited to trouble-shooting specific machinery. AI programs are being developed f

11、or economic planning, weather forecasting, PART1Lesson 22 Artificial Intelligence(AI)TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary casting, oil exploration, computer design, and numerous other uses. AI techniques are also being used to analyze human speech and to synthesize speech. With the help o

12、f laser sensors, AI techniques are being developed to analyze visual information and to improve robot capabilities. Most artificial intelligence systems involve some sort of integrated technologies, for example the integration of speech synthesis technologies with that of speech recognition. The cor

13、e idea of A.I. systems integration is making individual software components, such as speech synthesizers, interoperable with other components, such as common sense knowledge bases, in order to create larger, broader and more capable A.I. systems. The main methods that have been proposed for integrat

14、ion are message routing, or communication protocols that the software components use to communicate with each other, often through a middleware blackboard system(as shown in Fig.22-2).PART1Lesson 22 Artificial Intelligence(AI)TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Fig.22-2 Artificial Antell

15、igence Integrated SystemsPART2New words and phrases:robotic rubtik n. 机器人的ultimate ltimt adj. & n. 最后的，最终的，根本的；最终commonsense kmnsens adj. 具有常识的rigid ridid adj. 刚硬的，刚性的，严格的short-cut :tkt n. 捷径reason ri:zn n. & v. 推理，评理，论证opponent punnt n. & adj. 对手，反对者；对立的，对抗的TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVoca

16、bulary PART2Phrases and Expressionstrouble-shooting 故障寻找diesel engine n. 柴油机nuclear submarine n. 核潜艇New words and phrases:TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART3Notes:1. The entire research effort, including decision-making systems, robotic devices, and various approaches to computer s

17、peech, is usually called artificial intelligence (AI).译文：所有这些研究，包括决策系统、机器人设备以及各种各样的计算机语音的实现方法，通常被称为人工智能（AI）。现在分词短语including to computer speech充当定语，其作用相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句。 2. An ultimate goal of AI research is to develop a computer system that can learn concepts (ideas) as well as facts, make comm

18、onsense decisions, and do some planning.译文：人工智能的最终目标是开发一种能够从概念及事实中进行学习，做出符合常识的决策，并进行某种计划的计算机系统。（1）不定式充当表语；（2）that的引导定语从句修饰a computer system，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词（learn、make和do）。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART33. but they tended to be rigid and limited by the skills of the program design

19、er.句中to tend to do sth.：“倾向于（做）某事，往往做某事”，如：Children tend to be curious about everything. 再如下文中的The computer program would tend to be strong in the opening part of the game, but would weaken as the game went on.4. Computer scientists are working on dozens of different practical uses for AI programs.译

20、文：计算机科学家正在为人工智能寻找数十种实际用途。句中dozens：一打, 十二个，这里dozens of延伸为“数十”，相当于tens of。5. With the help of laser sensors, AI techniques are being developed to analyze visual information and to improve robot capabilities.译文：目前正在开发的人工智能技术还借助于激光传感器分析图像信息、提高机器人性能。（1）with the help of：在的帮助下，如：With the help of computers，

21、we can easily carry out some complicated mathematics calculation.（2）两个不定式短语充当目的状语。Notes:TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART4Exercises:1. Write T (True) or F (False) beside the following statements about the text.a. Since World War , computer scientists have developed techniques that

22、 let computers to act same as humans.b. The goal of AI research is to develop a computer system that can learn concepts, make decisions, do planning and complet all of things for human being.c. A computer is a thinking, learning machine.d. AI programs are fairly rigidthey tell the computer exactly w

23、hat to do, step by step.e. According to the rules, if something is true, then certain nothing will follows.f. In AI programs, not every action makes new possible actions available.g. Programs to play chess have no limit and no relate with the skills of the program designer.h. Computer scientists are

24、 working on a lot of different practical uses for AI programs.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART4Exercises:2. Match the following terms to appropriate definition or expression.a. artificial intelligence 1.to defeat most human opponentsincluding chess masters b. a computer program 2

25、.to analyze human speech , to synthesize speech, to analyze visual information and to improve robot capabilitiesc. AI techniques 3.a set of instructions to process information and solve problemsd. chess-playing programs 4.decision-making, robotic, and approaches to computer speech3. Fill in the miss

26、ing words according to the text.a. The entire research effort, including systems, devices, and various to computer speech, is usually called artificial intelligence (AI).b. AI programs can take , make , search for and try out different , and change their .c. If/then rules of reasoning are also progr

27、ammed in to enable the computer to , , and its information.d. Computer practical uses for AI programs include robots, math and science problems, speech, and images.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART4Exercises:4. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Perhaps the biggest us

28、e of AI programs is expert advisors for trouble- shooting (locating problems and making repairs) complex systems ranging from diesel engines to nuclear submarines and to the human body. In other words, these AI programs search for trouble, detect and classify problem areas, and give advice.TextNew w

29、ordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART5Translation第22课 人 工 智 能 自从第二次世界大战以来，计算机科学家们一直试图开发使计算机能更多地像人一样行动的技术。所有这些研究，包括决策系统、机器人设备（图22-1）以及各种各样的计算机语音的实现方法，通常被称为人工智能（AI）。 人工智能的最终目标是开发一种能够从概念及事实中进行学习，做出符合常识的决策，并能进行某种计划的计算机系统。换句话说，目标是最终造出一台能够“思维和学习”的计算机。 计算机程序是一组使计算机能够处理信息并进行决策的指令。大多数程序相当刻板它们精确地告诉计算机一步