2018考研英语考前点睛班-新题型讲义12.17

1、一，新题型是什么？完形阅读新题型二， 新题型的题型有哪些？题型 1:7 选 5， （05，06，08，09，12，13，15 年）题型 2 ：匹配题 （07 年，16 年）题型 3：排序题 （10，11，14，17 年）三，新题型的解题方法告别逐字逐句翻译，告别不认识单词的苦恼，告别句子结构分析，根据文章结构的特征做题。第 1 页共 34 页通过中文文章了解英语文章的结构特征二姐的故事1，中的二姐，英语与旅游；世界是一本书，不旅游的人只看到书的封面；二姐的脚步遍布世界上 20 多个国家。2，这些国家包括： 新加坡，韩国，迪拜，法国，德国，意大利，奥地利，梵蒂冈，非洲等等。3， 那些国家给了我刻

2、骨铭心的与迪拜的奢华。，二姐喜欢法国的浪漫，的洁净4，迪拜，一个位于中东的土豪国，一半是沙漠，一半是海水。迪拜以它独特的建筑而闻名世界，它有很多世界之最，比如，世界最高塔，世界最高音乐喷泉，迪拜水母酒店。如果说迪拜因土豪而吸引全世界的游人，那么法国为什么吸引很多人？第 2 页共 34 页5， 法国之所以令人向往一定是它的“法式浪漫”、古老的建筑与浓厚的艺术气息；闻名世界的铁塔，代表胜利归来的凯旋门，珍藏有世界艺术的卢浮宫以及代表法国国王曾经辉煌的凡尔赛宫。法国的浪漫令我陶醉，然而非洲的令二姐心情沉重，为什么？6， 因为，在非洲，二姐看到了百万贫民窟，无食物，无住所，无生存的保障，疾病泛滥，成灾

3、。相比他们，很。7， 每一场旅游都让我成长，旅行的意义是发现，是拓宽视野，是放大梦想！第 3 页共 34 页1，新题型的考点段落之间的相似性段落之间的衔接性2，新题型的解题方法1），复现词定位法 （适合 99%的题）第 4 页共 34 页2），名字，时间、数字、地点、代词与逻辑关系词定位法，尤其关注名词。3），上下文句义衔接法题型一：（7 选 5）：7 选 505 年Part B Directions:he following text, some sentenhave been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the mostsuitable one

4、 from the list A-G to fito each of the numbered bls. There are two extra choi, whichdo not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 pos)Canadass (the leaders of provinlernments), if they have any breath left aftercomplaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, mig

5、ht spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.第 5 页共 34 页Theyre all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.What to do? Both the Romanow commisand the Kirby committee on health care - to say nothingof report

6、s from other experts -mended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of eachprovince having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaininger, allwould pool resour42., work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.But “national” doesnve to meant. “Nationa

7、l” could meanrovinl - provincombining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national”anization would be to negotiate bettri, ifsible,with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province - or a series of hospitals within a province -negotiate a price for a given drug on the prov

8、in all provin.l list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf ofRathern, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency wouldnegotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economicggests the greater the potential consumers, thehigher the likelihood of a bett 4

9、3.A small step has been takenrice.he direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provin. Under it, a第 6 页共 34 页Common Drug Reviewmends to provinl lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably

10、,and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A fews are suspicious of any federal-provinl deal-making. They (particularly Quebec andAlberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached.ts onereason why the idea of a national lis44.snt gone anywhere, while drug co

11、sts keep rising fast.s love to quote Mr. Romanows report selectively, espelly the parts about more federalmoney. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provideernments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constra drugs.”45.he ever-inc

12、reasing cost ofSo when thes gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complalist, they should alsoget cracking about somethingheir jurisdictiont would help their budgets and patients.A Quebecsto a national agency is provinlist ideology. One of theadvocates for anational list was a researcherav

13、aiversity. Quebecs Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costsskyrocket winnual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report: “the substantial buyinger of such an agency wouldstrengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest from drug

14、companies.”sible purchase pri第 7 页共 34 页C What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirbymended a federal-provinl body much like the recently created National Health Council.D The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increasefasternernm

15、ent revenues.E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs beingused to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing m

16、oren older kinds.Part of it is highri.F So, if the provinwant to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, startingwinrovinl health listt would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent oneprovince from being played ogainst another, and bargain for better drug pri.G Of c

17、ourse, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobbybettert way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hopet, if one province includes a drug on its list, the prere will cause others to include it on theirs. Theywouldnt l

18、ike a national agency, but self-erest would lead them to deal with it.08 年（7 选 5）第 8 页共 34 页The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, andng almost anything else instead of writinghas ended. Thedraft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up,ordown

19、 to write. （41）DBe flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one poto the next, but do not permit itto railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work ito the draft. （42）G Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are s

20、aying. Goodwriting most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rathern in a nervous search for errors.（43）A Your pages will be easier to keep track oft way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph toplace isewhere, you will nit lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a wor

21、d prosor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions anddeletions as well as move entire paragraph by making just a few simple keyboardds. Someso check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.（44）Csoftware programs cThese prouts are also easier to readn the screen whe

22、n you work on revi.Once you have adraft on pr, you can delete materialt in unrelated to your thesis and adds and make your pr convincing. The student who wrote：material nesary to illustrate your poThe A &P as a Se of Mind wisely dropped a paragrapht questioned whether Sammy displayschauvinistic atti

23、tudes toward women.（45）E Remembert your initial draft is onlyt. You should go through the pr many times-and then again- working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire第 9 页共 34 页vers of the pr. Rewrite. The sentenwithin each paragraph should be related to a si

24、ngle topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next sot there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentenand paragraphs should be mercilessly poked andproddedo sh.A To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space betn lines sot you can easily

25、add words, senten, and corrections. Write on only one side of the pr.B After you have clearly and adequay developed the body of your pr, pay particular attention totheroductory and concluding paragraphs. Its probably best to write theroduction last, after youknow precisely what you areroducing. Conc

26、luding paragraphs demand equal attention because theyleave the reader wifinal impres.C Its worth remembering, however,t though a clean copy fresh oprer may look terrific, itwill read only as well as the thinking and writingve goneo it. Many writers prudently store theirdata on disks and pr er failur

27、es or oththeir pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of roblems.D It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Nowt you have developed a topico atenive thesis, you can assemble your notes and bego flesh out whatever outline you have made.E Although this is

28、 aneresting ie, is nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how thesetting influenSammys decito quit his job. Instead of includingt paragraph, she added onet described Lengels crabbed response to the girls sot she could lead up to the A&P policy heenfor.第 10 页共 34 页Fhe final paragraph about the

29、 significance of the setting in A&P, the student brings together thereasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengels store policies.G By using thedraft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likelydiscover moren your notes originally suggested. Plent

30、y of good writers dont use outlines at all butdiscover ordering principles as they write. Do no time around.tempt to comerfectly correct draft the09 年（7 选 5）Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proed by British naturalistCharles Darwinhe 1860s, British sol philosopher He

31、rbert Spencut forward his own theory ofbiological and cultural evolution. Spencer arguedt all worldly phenomena, including human societies,changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.c.American sol scientist Lewis Henry Manroduced another theory of cultural evolutionhelate 1800s. Man, along w

32、ith Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, heattempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together societies.42.e.he evolution ofhe early 1900s in Normerica, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed anew theory of culture known as historical parti

33、cularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43.a .第 11 页共 34 页Boas feltt the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and notas one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary sta

34、ge or type of culture. 44.b.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists inthe early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of di

35、ffuism. Some attributedvirtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, espelly gifted peoplest,according to diffuists, then spread to other cultures. 45.g.Alsohe early 1900s, French sociologist ?Durkheim developed a theory of culturet wouldgrey influence anthropology. Durk

36、heim proedt religious befs functioned to reinforolsolidarity. Aneresthe relationship betn the function of society and cultureknown asfunctionalismbecame a major theme in European, and espelly British, anthropology.A Other anthropologists bevedt cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single

37、originand passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffuism.B In order to study particular cultures as compley assible, Boas became skilled in linguistics,the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.C He arguedt human evolution was cha

38、racterized by a struggle he called the “survival of thefittest,” in which weaker ra and societies.and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced raD They also focused on important ritualst appeared to preserveoples sol structure, suchas initiation ceremoniest formally signify c

39、hildrens entranceo adulthood.E Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure omis, forms of marriage,categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of production, all changed as societies evolved.ernment, technology, and systems of foodFSupporters of the theory viewed as

40、a collection ofegrated partst work together to keep asociety functioning.第 12 页共 34 页G For exle, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smind W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,t farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated inancient Egypt and diffused

41、 throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurredseparay at different timesany parts of the world.12 年（7 选 5）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an airplane window and realizet you are flying,highern a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinnern a brown-pr env

42、elope, or yourinthe palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs andt could function （名词动词化）as a typewriter andvipraries labour to create

43、a fabulous machineing press, studio and theatre, pabrush and gallery, piano and radio, thas well as thcarrier. (41) CThe networked computer is an amazing device, themedia machinet serves as the mode ofproduction, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The compute

44、r is the 21st centurys culture machine.第 13 页共 34 页But for all the reasons there are to cerate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)_DIcall it a secret war for two reasons., most people do not realizet there are strong commerlagendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Se

45、cond, the majority of people who usenetworked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they areng.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for themost part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are u

46、niqueheircapacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods -paings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experien- music, literature, religion andphilosophy. (43)AFor all thesibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stu

47、ck in download mode.Even after the advent of widespread sol media, a pyramid of production remains, wismall numberof people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Ft content, and a hugeevi to turn theis a er oay tap fl

48、owingo our homes. The hardest taskteviasks of anyone isfter he has turned it on.(45)GWhat counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of stickiness -creations and experiento which others adhere.A Of course, it is precisely these superfluous thingst define human culture

49、and ultimay what itis to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to movedownloading is to strip olf of a defining constituent of humanity.第 14 页共 34 页B Applications like, which allow users to combinctures, words and other media increative ways and then share th

50、em, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.C Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managedto embed it in a worldwide system acsed by billions of people every day.D This is because the networked computer

51、has sparked a secret war betn downloading anduploading - betn passive consumption and active creation - whosee will shour collectivefuture in ways we can only bego imagine.E The challenge the computer mounts toevithus bears little similarity to one format beingreplaced by anotherhe manner of record

52、players being replaced by CD players.F One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is much of the worlds media culture has been defined by a single medium - defined by downloading.t for the paslf-century,evi- andeviisGThe networked computer offers thechance in 50 years to reverse th

53、e flow, to encouragethoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.13 年The so（7 选 5）l scienare flourishing.As of 2005,there were almoslf a million profesal sol scientistsfrom all fieldshe world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World So第 15 页共 34 页l

54、Science Report 2010,the number of so year since 2000.l-scientudents worldwide has swollen by about 11% everyYet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to todays global challenges including climatechange, security,sustainable development and health.(41)EHumanity has the nesary agro-technol

55、ogical tools to eradicateger , from genetically engineered crops to artifil fertilizers . Here ,too, the problems are sol: theanization and distribution of food, wealnd prosperity.(42)FThis is a shamethe community should be grasthe opportunity to raise its influence inthe real world. To paraphrase t

56、he great sol scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovationwithoreative destruction .Today ,the so debates,ratherl scienare largely focused on disciplinary problems andernal scholarlyn on topics with external impact.yses revealt the number of prs including the keywords “environmental cha

57、nged” or“climate change” have increased raly since 2004,(43)BWhen sol scientists do tackle practical ies ,their scope is often local:Belgium iserested mainlyhe effects of poverty on Belgium for exle .And whether the communitys work contributes much toan overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

58、The problem is not nesarily the amount of available funding (44)Gthis is an adequate amountso long as it is aimedhe right direction. Sol scientists who complain about a lack of funding shouldnot expect moreodays economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework

59、funding programs have longhad a category specificallyed at sol scientists.This year,it was pro第 16 页共 34 页edt system bechanged:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would nove such a category ,This hasresulted in complete ops from sol scientists.But theention is not to neglect sol science

60、 ; rather ,theite.(45)Ct should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projectsaimed directly at solving global problems.A It could bescientists:onet we are evolvino communities of solt is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspelized journals,and onet is problem-oriented and