高中人教版英语必修一课件：Unit 5 Section B Language Points 1

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero例:Modesty is one of his good qualities.谦虚是他的美德之一。These are leather goods of high quality. 这些是高质量的皮革制品。Nowadays people are very concerned about the safety and quality of food. 如今，人们非常关心食品的安全和质量。1. quality n. 品质(用于人), 质量【名师点津】quality作“质量”讲时, 通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时, 多用作

2、可数名词【拓展】of quality 优质的，素质好的of high/low quality 高/低质量的average quality 一般质量in quality 在质量上【学以致用】完成句子The kitchen oil used in that restaurant _. (quality)那家餐馆所用的食用油的质量很差。The films that Jet Li stars in _. (quality) 李连杰主演的电影质量很高。was poor in qualityare of high quality2. mean adj. 1. 吝啬的,小气的(+about/over/wit

3、h) Her husband is very mean about money. 她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。2. 卑鄙的, 心地不好的(+to sth.) That was a mean trick! 那是一个卑劣的诡计! Dont be so mean to your little brother! 别对你弟弟那么刻薄！【拓展】mean vt. 本意是，原意是mean to do打算做；有意做mean doing意味着be meant for 打算给予；打算作用 That would mean wasting a lot of time. 那将意味着浪费很多时间。Really？I dont m

4、ean to waste any time. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何时间。These rooms are meant for the childrens centre. 这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。What do you mean by acting like this? 你这样做是什么意思? 3. active adj.1) 活跃的; 活泼的 Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now. 布朗太太已八十多岁, 现在不大活动了。2) 积极的; 勤奋的 He became an active social reformer. 他成了一位积极的

5、社会改革家。3) 在活动中的; 在进展中的 Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano. 维苏威是一座活火山。【拓展】be active about对热心be active in sth. /doing sth. 积极参与某事/做某事be active as. . . 作为活跃4. generous adj. 慷慨的, 大方的(+with/in/to) She is generous in giving help. 她乐于助人。 He was generous to everybody with money. 他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。 宽宏大量的,宽厚的(+to

6、/towards) He is generous towards his subordinates. 他待部属很宽厚。 大量的; 丰富的; 丰盛的 She gave me a generous lunch. 她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。5. devoted adj.1. 献身的;虔诚的;专心致志的 He was still devoted to the study of chemistry. 他仍专心研究化学。2. 忠实的;挚爱的 Mrs. Jones had a very devoted husband. 琼斯太太有一位忠实的丈夫。拓展 devote的用法阅读下列句子，注意devote的意思及

7、用法。1. He devoted all his time to his job.2. He devoted himself to writing. 自我归纳 devote为动词，常与介词 _连用，构成短语devote ones life / time / energy / attention. to (doing) sth. （句1），表示“把生命/时间/精力/注意力用在/献给（做）某事上”； _ （句2）表示“献身；专心于”。todevote oneself to【即学即练】 用devote的适当形式完成句子。1. Thousands of _ fans waited in the rai

8、n for the group to arrive.2. She gladly gave up her part-time job and _ herself entirely to her art.devoteddevoted6. die for 为某种事业或目的而死 die for ones country/ the people/ the cause. die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因 die from a car accident. 由于车祸而死 die by 死于暴力, 刀或剑等凶器 die by the sword/hanging.be dying for 极想得

9、到.She is dying for a cup of water. die through carelessness 因过失而死diedown 凋落, 消失die away 消失（渐渐远去）The sound died away. 声音渐渐远去。die out 绝种 This kind of animal is dying out. 7. found vt.1. 建立; 建造 He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting. 经过多年的斗争之后，1911年他在中国建立了第一个共和国。2. 创立,

10、 创办 They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。foundset up【辨析】兴建城市(国家、党派、大学等)，更着重指打基础，也可指创立某种理论或学说常和表示具体的组织、机构、团体等的名词连用，有时可与found换用8. believe in 1. 信仰 Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信仰耶稣。2. 信任 We believe in him. 我们信任他。3. 相信.的效用 Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises. 吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处。 He wont give up

11、 the experiment even if he has failed many times. His father has given up smoking. This is a good idea. You shouldnt give it up. She gave up her job to look after her mother9. give up + n./ pron./ v-ing只能接动名词作宾语的动词avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, suggest, stop, f

12、eel like, give up, cant help, cant standDo not talk (in) that way.(In) this way, you can remember the spelling. Dont stand in the /my way.He is better in some way (s).He picked a pen on the way to school. 10. in a peaceful way以和平的方式那样这样碍事在某些方面在往的路上11. fight against/for/withThe soldiers fought bravel

13、y _ the enemy _ the liberation _ their comrades. againstforwith12. beaway有远(指距离、时间)1) 我家离这里只有两条街。 My house is only 2 blocks away from here.2) 他的生日在两周以后。 His birthday is two weeks away. in two weeks.13. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 然而在这个时候，你要想住

14、在约翰内斯堡就非得有身份证不可。【分析】(1) this/that was a time when意为“在这/那个时候”。That was a time when many people were attacked by SARS. 在那个时候，很多人都受到了SARS的侵袭。(2)However是经常考到的转折副词。【学以致用】仿写句子然而在这个时候，我们应该下定决心努力学习。_However, this is a time when we should decide to study hard. 1) 他还没有回家，这叫我放心不下。 It worries me that he hasnt c

15、ome home yet.2) 我发愁的是如何再找到工作。 What worries me is how I am going to get another job. 14. worry vt. It + worry sb. +that 使某人担心be worried about/that 担心，担忧1) Im worried _ her driving the car tonight on the wet road. A. of B. about C. on D. at2) His dangerous driving always _ me. A. worry about B. worrie

16、s about C. worried about D. worries15. be out of work/ a job / employment= lose ones job = be unemployed失业, 没有工作His mother has been out of work for half a year. in work 有工作Is her husband in work? out of 意为“在之外”,“向外”;表示失去, 没有, 用完; 不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。 The little boy ran out of the room. He took my b

17、ooks out of my schoolbag. Dont run into the room. Can you put your raincoat in your pocket? out of breath 上气不接下气out of patience 不耐烦out of petrol 汽油用完了out of use 没用了out of order 出故障了out of control 失控了out of danger 脱离危险了 out of sight 看不见了out of fashion 不时兴out of date 过时out of repair 无法修葺Out of sight,

18、out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。16. as as+主语+can/could 尽可能, 尽量= as as + possibleHe was running as fast as he could. =He was running as fast as possible. You must speak English as often as you can. =You must speak English _. as often as possible They did the experiment as carefully as they could. =They did the

19、 experiment _. Try to make as few mistakes as you can. =Try to make _.as carefully as possibleas few mistakes as possible17. “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”某些动词(

20、see, find, witness等) 主语有时不是人而是物, 即拟人用法, 使句子生动。1) This old house has seen good days.2) Dusk (黄昏) found a boy crying in the street.3) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.a. 这是一个复合句，包含一个时间状语从句，同时在时间状语从句中含有一个定语从句。b. 本句的结构是：主句（The last thirty years have seen the gre

21、atest number of laws stopping our rights and progress）+ 时间状语从句（until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all）。c. 主句的结构是：主语（The last thirty years）+谓语（have seen）+宾语（the greatest number of laws）+ 宾语补足语（stopping our rights and progress）。d. 时间状语从句的结构是：主语（we）+ 谓语（have reached）+

22、宾语（a stage）+ 定语从句（where we have almost no rights at all）。仿写 _ (过去的30年见证了我国发生的巨大变化，到现在我们已经进入了在很多领域处于领先地位的时代。)The last thirty years have seen great changes take place in our country, until now we have reached a stage where we share leading positions in many fields. until today we have reached a stage

23、where we have almost no rights at all.考点 定语从句中关系副词where的用法考例 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 点拨 题意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。case, conditio

24、n, situation, position, stage, point, job, family, work等作为先行词时，用in which或关系副词where引导定语从句。 . . . we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. Teaching is a job in which / where you are doing something serious but interesting. 教学是一项严肃而有趣

25、的工作。18. vote vt. &vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；选票；表决Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. 黑人无权投票选举他们的领导。In my opinion, wed better vote on it. 在我看来，我们最好投票表决。Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她赞成票还是反对票？The Americans vote to choose their president. 美国人投票选举总统。19. The parts of town in which they had

26、to live were decided by white people. 考点 定语从句中in + which的用法。考例 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that B. by which C. which D. in which点拨 由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。定语从句意为：people were eaten by the tiger in

27、the scene，所以应选D项。20. put sb. in (into) prison把关进监狱be sent to prison (被送进监狱)be in prison (在监狱里)be thrown into prison (被投入监狱)break prison (越狱)prison表示蹲监狱时, 其前不用冠词throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prisonHe had been in prison for 20 years. The man was put in prison for stealing a car. Anyone who

28、breaks the law should be thrown into prison. They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners. 类似: bed, church, class, college, hospital, school, university, market21. either. or.(两者之中)或 (之一) You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house. I want to visit either Paris or London. Either you o

29、r I am wrong. Either of the boys likes singing. Either day is OK.neithernor既不也不He has neither money nor social position.Neither parent cares what happens to the child.Neither of the boys likes to play such a game. bothand 两者都Both he and I are wrong. Both of the boys like singing. accept (接受) 表示主观上乐意

30、接受。 receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。 I received his letter of invitation, but I didnt accept it.22. accept 与 receive的区别： accept还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同” He asked her to marry him and she accepted. receive还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎” She was received into the club.-Have you _ the invitation to the party? -Yes, I hav

31、e. And Ive _ it. A. accepted, received B. received, accepted C. received, received D. accepted, accepted 23. attack vt. & n.1) 进攻, 袭击 The enemy attacked our airport all night. 敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。2) (努力地)着手干 He tried to attack the problem from different angles. 他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题。3) The police are giving a

32、n attack on drug dealers. 警方对毒品贩子发动了攻击。24. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed. . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【分析】1). . . only then did we decide to answer violence with violen

33、ce是一个部分倒装句。一般句子的主语在前，谓语在后，但在这种倒装句中，助动词在主语之前。2)以only引导副词状语或状语从句放在句首加强语气时，经常使用部分倒装句。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是一个令人吃惊的消息。Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声叫喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。【学

34、以致用】仿写句子首先，我们用我们自己的方式解决这个问题，而当这种方式行不通的时候，只有到这个时候，我们才决定采取法律手段。_We first settled the problem in a way which was of our own; when this didnt help. . . only then did we decide to take legal means.25. as a matter of fact 事实上As a matter of fact, Ive never been there before. 事实上我从未到过那儿。【拓展】as a matter of f

35、act的同义短语(词)还有：in fact；in reality；actually26. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 考点 equal相等的、平等的 I am sure Tom is quite equal to the task. 我确信, 汤姆完全有能力承担这项任务。 Tom equals John in the ability of dealing with such cases. 在处理这

36、类问题上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样的。 点拨 本题考查形容词作定语的用法。注意: but后的分句为倒装句, 正常语序为 . but skills are of at least _ importance。实际上是把skills和fitness作对比，强调二者同等重要（equal importance）。句意为“虽然健康的体格是从事体育运动的重要条件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等重要的”。考例 Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills. A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D.

37、 propera. 这是一个复合句，包含一个原因状语从句，同时在原因状语从句中含有一个宾语从句。b. 本句的结构是：主句（But I was happy to help） + 原因状语从句（because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。c. 原因状语从句的结构是：主语（I） + 谓语（knew） + 宾语从句（it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。d.

38、 宾语从句的结构是：主语（it） + 谓语（would help） + 宾语（us） + 宾语补足语（achieve our dream of making black and white people equal）。e. making black and white people equal作介词of的宾语；equal作black and white people的宾语补足语。仿写 _（我很难过，因为我觉得无论我多么努力，我们的友谊都不可能再继续下去了。）I am so sorry because I think we will never be able to continue our f

39、riendship no matter how hard I try.27. in trouble处于困境阅读下列句子，注意trouble短语的意思及用法。1. If you dont try to do your homework yourself, you will be in trouble. 2. Do you have any trouble (in) writing the article?3. Dont ask for trouble until trouble troubles you.4. Its very kind of you to take the trouble to

40、 help me.5. If you make trouble again, Ill send you home.be in trouble表示“处于困境”（句1）； have trouble (in) doing sth. 的意思是： _（句2）； ask for trouble表示“自找麻烦”（句3）； take the trouble to do sth.表示“不辞劳苦地做某事”（句4）； _ 表示“制造麻烦”（句5）。make trouble做某事有困难用以上所讲短语的适当形式完成句子。1. Some of our classmates always talk or _ in clas

41、s.2. Do you _ learning English?3. Youre very kind to _ answer the question. 4. Do as youre told, or youll be _.5. Driving after drinking wine is _.make troublehave trouble intake the trouble toin troubleasking for trouble28. be willing to do sth. 愿意干某事willing adj. 愿意的, 乐意的They are willing to come.他们

42、愿意来。29. turn to 求助于;转向We can turn to him for help.我们可以求助于他。My teacher is a kind person to whom I turn for advice. 我的老师是一个和蔼的人，我向他寻求意见。 turn to还可以相当于一个不及物动词，意为“努力干，加劲干”。拓展 常见的含turn的其他短语：turn down 拒不接受; 把(音量等)调低turn off 关上turn on 打开turn up 出现从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. I always _ Frank whenever I

43、am in trouble here.A. turn offB. turn toC. turn downD. turn on2. He was poor but proud, and _ every offer of help.A. turned on B. turned toC. turned off D. turned down BD3. Father is sleeping in the next room. Would you please _ the radio?A. turn off B. turn toC. turn up D. turn on A I. 根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。1. You have to study for a long time to become a l_.2. The f_ is $50 for a six-week art class.3. What the company has done is perfectly l_.lawyerfee练习leg