2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题

1、试卷第 页，总13页绝密启用前2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题考试范围：XXX；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：XXX题号四五六1:八总分得分注意事项：.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）评卷人得分请点击修改第I卷的文字说明一、完形填空A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. Im at peak and I practise

2、haid. How is tliis happening?” Tins student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to 2the outcomes of her life by viitue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience （0原力）,and Im noticmg a（n） 3 mcrease in students like tliis athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When

3、 they foil short of what they iinagme they should 4, however, they are crushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults stmgglmg with failure because their parents have protected them fiom5. But tliere is somethmg else at play among the most advantagedin particulai: a 6promise that they can ac

4、liieve anything if they are willing to work forit.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” esearch） which has found that praising children for 7 will increase academic peiibrmance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, imnd-set education has spread acros

5、s classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising haid work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not 8 help eveiyone.One possible explanation comes from Nma Kumar, who aigued in a research paper last year that fbr teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker

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12、g and mstallation at no additional charge!To have a Staimah staiilift installed, one needs to.A, remodel ones living roomB. schedule an iii-home assessmentC ensure constant power supplyD. order a special stairwayJenny may use the Coupon （优惠券）to save some money only if she.A, rents the model advertis

13、ed on Boston GlobeB pays fbr the Staimah model wliich is on saleC purchases one brand new Staimah staiiliftD. publishes post-sale reviews on Tmst-pilotWhich statement is TRUE about Stamiah stau-lift mentioned in tlie advertisement?It promises to regularly check on the old people who live mdependentl

14、y.It can be installed easily by following iiistmctions in the brochure.It provides fast and flee repaii services by professional teclinicians.It offers an alternative to old people who dont want to be relocated.How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, eaily human ancestors evolved large brains and

15、began fashionmg relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to

16、absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had mastered tlie art, early chefs could mvest less in their digestive systems and thus mvest the resulting energy savings in buildmg larger brains capable of complex thought. There is. however, a problem with the cooknig theoiy Most aichaeol

17、ogists （考 占学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire sti etches back no more than 790,000 years.Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Teclinology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 nullion-year-old saiid-stones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanza

18、nia. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils （化石） that have been discovered there, alongside ail impressive assembly of stone tools. The sand-stones themselves have previously yielded some of the worlds eailiest complex hand axes large tear-diop-shaped stone tools tliat are associ

19、ated witli Homo erectus （直立人）. Cieatmg an axe by repeatedly kiiocknig thm pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of plaimmg. Their appeaiaiice is therefore tliought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped mside the Olduv

20、ai sand-stones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules （分子）tliat are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85 and 95. The moleculespresence suggests that ail ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or mo

21、re hot springs.Dr. Suininons and his colleagues say tlie hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand, tlie Maori have tiaditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boilmg water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Sumlar

22、methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if difficult to prove, that early humaiis might have used hot spiiiigs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking tlieory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distmct advantage to humans, onc

23、e they had mastered tlie art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a tianspoitable resource.All of the following statements can support the cooking theoiy EXCEPT. A. cooking enabled early hunians to mvest less in digestive systemcooking enabled early hunians to devote more energy to bu

24、ilding big brains C our bram became larger around the same time our digestive system weakened D. the conti-olled fire wasnt mastered until about 790,000 yeais ago 24. The presence of biological molecules was impoitant because. A. they suggested a possible means of cookuig without fireB they cast lig

25、ht on how early Homo erectus livedthey provided a convenient way of studying stone tools试卷第 页，总13页试卷第3页，总13页D they made studies of pre-historic cultures possibleThe underlmed word plausible” probably means.A. noticeableB. applicableC. reasonableD. affordableWhat may be the conclusion of the study by

26、 Dr. Suininons and his colleague?A, Early humaiis were capable of makuig complex stone tools.B Hot springs help explam how human brains got so big.Homo erectus were adaptable to tough and complex tenitoiies.Human brains aie higlily advanced as shown by their size.第n卷（非选择题）请点击修改第n卷的文字说明评卷人得分三、语法填空Dir

27、ections: After readmg the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and granmiatically correct. For tlie blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; fbr the other blanks, use one word tliat best fits each blank.Killer RabbitsYoud never th

28、uik of rabbits as dreadfiil, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered 27. harm tliese cute creatures can do thehard wav. JRabbits were mtroduced to Australia in 1788 as food anunals. By 1827, they were running aiound large estates, and in 1859

29、. disaster stmck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto liis property fbr hunting and he 28. have thought that was hainiless fun. But Austialia lias no predators (捕 食者)29. (adapt) to killmg rabbits and none of the diseases that kept thek populations 30. control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like,

30、well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungiy rabbits could do real haim. They caused more damage than any otlier species iiitioduced to the continent. They ate native

31、plant species 31. they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native aiunials. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a mghtniarefor cattle and sheep fanners, 32. animals couldn*t get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits di

32、d some good, of course. They provided food for poor fanulies. They suppoited fin mdustiies. But thek impact on the enviiomnent and major livestock economy was too negative 33, (ignore). People tried tiappiiig tliem. They even built a huge wall agamst them. But 34. (effective) weapon was a vims.35. (

33、test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australias rabbits in 1950. The viius had been developed very caiefully to affect only rabbits. Neaily 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease 36. (die).Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farniHig recovere

34、d gradually, and tlueatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the viius.评卷人得分四、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note tliat there is one word more than you need.A. string B. contai

35、ned C. representing D. detailingE. scientific F. currentsG. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decorationBottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PuiposeCombmg the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorfiil rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detector

36、s to find buried treasure or otlier objects. Only the lucky few have 37. a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and tluowiiig it mto the ocean has an mteresting past. Ail early 38. use for the practice was revea

37、led when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wisdge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice 39., While she was cleaning the sandy giii bottle, a rolled up paper tied w

38、ith a 40. fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. Accordmg to official documents from tlie German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboai d a(n) 41. 950 kin off tlie coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated(验证)the le

39、tter, wliich had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message m a bottle ever 42.,Historians confiim that thousands of sunilar bottles were cast overboard by German shipsbetween 1864 and 1933. And 43. inside were official documents written by the captam of the ship, 44 . routes, coordmat

40、es, and other infbnnation. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Obseivatory to map ocean 45. around the world.On the back of the notes were 46. to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the neaiest

41、 German authorities. Using this information fbr reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.评卷人得分五、六选四Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill ui each blank with a proper sentence given in tlie box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that

42、there aie two more sentences than you need.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds, Scientists RevealOf all human activities, few are so readily credited with enliaiiciiig the power of tlie mind as gomg fbr a good walk. However, tliose who assume that stiollmg along at a gentle pace is the symbol of supeii

43、or intellect should thuik again, scientists have said. 47.Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older peopled mental capability, as it is mcreasmgly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular stiength but also the cential nervous system. 48

44、. The relationship was so obvious, however, tliat the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia （痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the f

45、astest walkers at the age of 45, Tlus reflected botli the participants? natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked lo walk as fast as they could. 49. Actually, slower walkers were shown to have speeded aging” on a 19-measuie scale devised by researchers, and their lungs, teeth and u

46、mnune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three, each undergomg multiple tests over the years. The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ

47、 scores, lower luiguistic ability and weakeremotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age. 50.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed, brain capacity and physical health or that better bram health might promote physical activity, leadm

48、g to better walking speed. Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.A. Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-gnp stiength and biological markers of good health.B There are already signs in

49、 early life of who would become tlie slowest walkers.C In fact, based on a new series of experiments, they now believe the slower a persons tendency to walk, the less able their brain.Bram scaiinmg duimg their filial assessment at 45 showed the slower walkers tended to have lower total brain volume

50、and less brain surface aiea.Until now, however, no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much eailier in life.评卷人得分F- Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of imddle-aged people, comparing their psychological results.六、概要写作. Duections: Read the following passage. Su

51、nmianze the mam idea and the mam pomt(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Psychology of SpendingDr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell Umveisity, has studied the psychology of spendmg fbr over 20 years. Accordmg to Dr. Gilovich, “We buy

52、 things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New tluiigs are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.” In other words, once the fieslmess of our newest purchase wears off, we begin lookuig fbr somethmg else to buy to make us happy.Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfactio

53、n with possessions fades over tune. Yet our happiness over thmgs weve experienced increases. For that reason, he has concluded tliat we aie spendmg our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State Uiiiveisity agrees. The research showed that those people who spent money on experienc

54、es instead of possessions were happier. They also thought thek money was better invested.To begin with, activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. tend to bring the panicipants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich JWe consume expenences directly with other people

55、. As a result, these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.Besides, your experience shows others who you aie and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooknig classes. More than likely, youll become known by friend

56、s and family as a great cook. They wont know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.Lastly, planned experiences arc frequently somethmg we look fbnvard to. Then when the moment arrives, if we enjoy the time involved in the activity, were left with fond memories. These memories will oft

57、en last a lifetime. Even our worst trips, on many occasions, aic later remembered with laughter.评卷人 得分七、汉译英Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.你估计这位著名艺术家的原版画作要多少钱？ (estimate).本想让自己放松一下的假期结果却成了一场灾难。(intend).这个手无寸铁的年轻人冒着生命危险阻止了歹徒逃离现场，他足多么勇敢

58、啊! (nskn.) 55.在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之 一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。(where)评卷人 得分八、开放性作文. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words accordmg to tlie iiistmctions given below in Chmese.请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际（自身或他人的例子），谈谈你对于“舒适圈”的看法。Zone本卷由系统Il动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。答案第 页，总14页参考答案BACDDBCCDAD

59、CBDB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由一个明星运动员在比赛中犯错而自责不已的故事引出了这样一种 现象一一现在很多孩子秉承一种不健康的完美主义，认为付出努力就应该得到好的结果，这 使他们对成就的追求超过了自己的极限并很难在应该放弃的时候放手，从而导致身体和精神 上的双重压力，我们需要提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我正处于最佳状态，我努力训练。这是怎么回事？ A. coolness 冷静；B. fitness健康、恰当；C. goodness善良：D. readiness愿意。空前说这个运动员是明 星运动员，因此她应该是处于最佳的状态，她不明

60、白自己为何还会在比赛中犯错误，故B 项正确。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个学生，和我教的很多学生一样，相信她应该能够通过努 力训练来控制生活的结果。A. control控制;B. change改变；C. adjust调整；D. celebrate 0c 祝。上文说这个明星运动员处于最佳的状态，她对自己在比赛中犯错自责不己，言外之意， 她认为自己努力训练就应该会得到好的结果，因此她相信通过自己的努力训练，她能够控制 生活的结果，故A项正确。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我研究并撰写了关于适应力的文章，我注意到，像这位运 动员这样的学生人数出现了令人不安的增长。A. amusing逗乐的：B. in