人教版(新教材)高中英语选修2Unit5 First Aid优质学案：Grammar-复习动词-ing形式

1、Grammar复习动词一ing形式动词-ing形式的 时态和语态动词.ing形式作 主语图解语法脉络一般式:(not)doing/being clone 完成式：L(not)having done2.(not)having been done总J表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态便量、可位于句首和句末，位于句末时要用il作形式主语型蛀国其逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词复习动词ing形式动词-ing形式作 宾语动诃-ing形式作 表语可位于动词之后，也可位于介词之后 常位于appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, avoid, finish等动词后need

2、, want, require后作宾语的动词ing常用主动形式表示被动意义有时相当于名词,用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换 T有时相当于形容词,用于说明主语的特征或性质，意为“令人的”动词-ing形式作 定语动词-ing形式作 宾语补足语动词-ing形式作 状语单个动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词前 产迎动词-ing形式短语常置于被修饰词后doing表示正在进行的状态、动作，或中心词的用途或屈性一形式（以do为例）形容词化的doing表示中心词的性质being done表示正在进行的被动动作亘国立动词-ing形式短语作后后定语时可扩展为一个定语从句位于感官动词后，如see, he

3、ar, feel, smell, watch, find, nolice等一 .位于使役动 词后,如have, get, keep, leave等用于wilh或合结构中可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况-动词-ing形式作状（其逻辑主语一般要与句子的主语一致 语时的考前须知ill before, after, when, while, since等弓|导的状语从句常常I可以转换为“附属连词+动词-ing短语”结构感知语法规律用括号内词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征。As you can imagine, getting (get) burnt can le

4、ad to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving (give) first aid.Burns are divided into three types, depending (depend) on the depth of skin damage.Place burns under cool nmning (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes.countries that dont

5、 have access to modem water filter systems.The researchers, 4. (lead) by Rohit Karnik, decided 5. (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 6. (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.They began by 7. (cut) 1.5 inch wide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tr

6、ee.The people 8. (relate) then tested the woods filtering ability by pouring water 9. (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through.To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.Encouraged, the team conducted another experiment, this time with water conta

7、ining bacteria.Sure enough, the sapwood (边材)held back 99% of the bacteria, 10. (allow) only 1% to flow through.K语篇解读1 树木对我们的日常生活非常重要，它们不仅给我们提供食物、木 材，而且还给我们提供生存必需的氧气。树木对我们还有一个非常重要的作用， 即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入水中。blocking K破折号后的局部是对one more thing的进一步解释,block与they(指 trees)之间为主谓关系，且此处表示一般情况，故设空处填blocking。Iconsistin

8、g K分析句子结构可知，a team与consist of为逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用动词一ing形式作定语。Ddeveloping K此处指开展中国家，故应用形容词化的动词一ing形式作定语。X 4. led K此处指在Rohit Karnik的带着下，这些研究人员决定求助于树木，因 为树木能使液体流过，把气泡挡在外面。分析句子结构可知，“ 4 (lead)by Rohit Karnik”作定语修饰The researchers,且The researchers与lead为逻辑上的动宾关 系，故填过去分词led。to turn ddecide后跟不定式作宾语，故填to turno 2to fl

9、ow (allow sb/sth to do sth表示“允许某人/某物做某事”，故填to flow。 7. cutting K介词by后跟动词一ing形式作宾语，故填cuttingo )18. related K此处表示“然后相关人员测试了这种木材的过滤能力。The people 与relate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且空处作定语修饰The people,故填relatedo U 9 . containing K 分析句子结构可知， (contain)red dye particles of different sizes”作后置定语修饰water,且water与contain之间为逻辑上的

10、主谓关系，故用 containing o 310. allowing K sapwood与allow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处不表示完成， 表示肯定，故用动词一ing的一般式作状语。HRemove any clothes using (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking (stick) to the burnt skin.Applying （apply） oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wo

11、unds and may cause infection.K自主发现R动词一ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，起名词的作用,同时保存动词的属性，可 在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。精讲语法知识一、动词一ing形式的时态和语态主动式被动式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneK名师提醒U（1）动词一ing形式的否认式是在前面加not构成。Not having been invited to the party, she was very upset.没有被邀请参加聚会，她 很不高兴。动词一ing形式的一般式多表示一般情况，

12、其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示 的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；其完成式所表示的动 作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。She imagined finding a wallet on the sidewalk.她想象着自己在人行道上发现一个钱包。（一般式）He was praised for having done a good deed.他因为做了件好事而受到表扬。（完成式）（3）动词一ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，其被动式表示它 的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医

13、院去。（主动式）The bridge being built is part of a high-speed railway project.在建的这座桥是一个高速铁路工程的一局部。（被动式）二、动词一ing形式的句法功能.动名词作主语，多表示一般或抽象的重复屡次的行为。有时用it作形式主语， 动名词放在句末，常见句型有：It is a waste of time doing./It is no use/useless/no good doing.oPlaying with fire is dangerous.玩火很危险。Ifs no use arguing with him.和他争论是无用的

14、。K名师提醒动名词短语作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。Making speeches is not his strong point.演讲不是他的特长。Running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating.经营家庭需要高水平的规划和协调。Wearing a mask is equally effective or more effective than distancing.戴口罩可能和保持距离一样有效，甚至更有效。Being liked creates opportunities for learning

15、 and for new kinds of life experiences.被（他人）喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。.动名词作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind, suggest, enjoy, admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, escape, finish, forgive（宽恕），imagine, keep, miss, practise, resist, risk, deny, consider 等。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。（2）常接动名词作宾语的

16、动词短语有：devote to, feel like, look forward to, insist on, think of, dream of, object to, be engaged in, depend on, aim at, set about, be/get used to, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, succeed in, be interested in 等。If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead.如果你坚持现在走，那就请便吧。（3）动名词在介词（but, except

17、除外）后作宾语I let the day slip away without doing anything at all.我什么事也没做，让这一天白白溜过去了。Only by coming together will we be able to face down CO VID 19 pandemic.只有团结起来，我们才能战胜新冠肺炎疫情。K名师提醒动名词前可加名词所有格、形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格。作主语时， 其前可加名词所有格及形容词性物主代词，即onesdoing;作宾语时，其前可加 名词所有格、形容词性物主代词(ones doing)和人称代词宾格。Her going there

18、 wont do any harm.她去那儿不会有什么坏处的。My son has gone abroad.Im looking forward to him returning.我儿子出国了，我盼望着他回来。(2)forget, mean, regret, remember, try, go on, cant help 等后可接动名词或不定式作 宾语，但意义上有所区别。I remember doing the exercise.我记得做过此练习。I must remember to do it.我必须记着去做这件事。.动词一ing形式作表语，可分为两种情况：(1)动名词作表语，表示抽象概念的

19、动作，这种动作未必正在进行。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(2)现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特征，意为“令人的”。The news is inspiring.这消息令人鼓舞。即时训练1用所给单词的正确形式填空For him, it was one thing to accept his own fate of being (be) blind.(2020江苏卷) What President Xi said in the meeting was really inspiring (inspire).Studying (study) in a college in Chi

20、na is a good opportunity for you to improve yourself.In an online class, developing (develop) healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.They dont feel like walking (walk) that much.(6)1 think it is important to keep a healthy diet, which contributes to building (build) up a

21、 strong body.动词一ing形式作定语(1)动名词作前置定语，表示用途或性质。The reading room is large and bright.阅览室宽敞明亮。(2)单个的现在分词作前置定语往往有形容词的性质；现在分词短语作后置定语, 往往表示正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。I found a sleeping baby on the bed.我发现床上有个熟睡的婴儿。The man standing by the window(=who is standing by the window)is our teacher. 那个站在窗户旁边的人是我

22、们的老师。K名师提醒U动词一ing形式、动词一ed形式和不定式作定语之间的区别The building being built now is our new school.在建的大楼是我们的新学校。(表被动、进行)The building built three years ago is in ruins.三年前建的那座大楼已成废墟。(表被动、完成)The building to be built next year will be very beautiful.明年要建的那座大楼会非常漂亮。(表被动、将来).现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，且分词表示的动作 与句子主语之间是

23、逻辑上的主动关系o作状语时，现在分词可以表示时间、原因、 结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，并可以转换成相应的状语从句。Hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.=On hearing their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.=When they heard their teachers voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止了讲话。Not knowing

24、 how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.=Because he didnt know how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。Working hard, youll succeed.=If you work hard, youll succeed.如果你努力工作，你会成功的。Their car was caught in a

25、 traffic jam, thus causing the delay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，因而耽误了。The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地有说有笑。Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistak

26、e. 虽然被告诫过许屡次，但他仍旧犯了同样的错误。K名师提醒U有些惯用的现在分词形式在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存 在，作评注性状语，说明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有： generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking 严 格说来 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实地说judging from/by.根据判断considering. 考虑至Useeing. 因为，由于Judging from his face on which there was a confident smile, we knew that he didnt

27、lose heart.从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没有灰心。6.现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语存在逻辑 上的主动关系，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑来保持交通 顺畅。当转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果一名厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立

28、即开除。能用现在分词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词或短语：(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it being performed live is quite another.在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听人演奏音乐又是另一回事。(2)表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have, make, get, set, keep, leave等。I wont

29、 have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。K名师提醒H see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词之后用现在分词和动词不定 式作宾语补足语的区别：前者强调动作正在进行，后者强调动作的全过程(动词 不定式在主动句中可省略to,在被动句中需保存to)。We heard the telephone ringing.我们听见 正在响。We heard the telephone ring.我们听见 响了。即时训练2I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake.

30、我看到一对年轻夫妇正往湖里扔垃圾。Mother has the little girl playing the piano this afternoon.母亲让小女孩今天下午 一直弹钢琴。Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a thick wood. 如果你走出城的那条小路，你会来到一片茂密的树林。All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.整夜他都醒着，思考着这个问题。Hearing these stories, Im skeptical abo

31、ut the place.听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑。运用语法规那么.单句语法填空I think it is no good having (have) another talk with him on the matter.Her (she) not coming back made her parents angry and sad. People enjoy working (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour.After he finished doing (do) his maths homework,

32、he went on to write (write) his composition.Find friends to study and speak with.Learning English together can be very encouiaging (encourage).The old couple often take a walk after supper with their pet dog following (follow) them.Once visiting (visit) this city, youll find that there are so many s

33、urprises waiting for you to discover.Love is a beautiful song, bringing (bring)us wild joy and happiness.We often talk about English language teaching, forgetting (forget) that it is the learning that really matters.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief being caught (catch).The lecture

34、having been given (give), a lively question - and - session followed yesterday.This site reports science news covering (cover) a range of subjects.First of all, becoming (become) aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.As well as the weather, the relaxing atmosphere and nightl

35、ife are very appealing (appeal).Some students will feel a growing sense of fear with the exam season approaching (approach) while others may appear fairly calm.In Hangzhou, borrowing books from the library is (be) now as simple and convenient as shopping online： click, pay and wait for delivery.补全句子They can directly buy train tickets and book flights by sending messages. 通过发短信他们可以直