高中英语复习资料-Book-8-Unit-2-综合训练

1、Book 8 Unit 2综合训练A卷主题阅读专攻练A（舟山模拟）Weve heard of robots and AI （Artificial Intelligence） taking human jobs, but I bet mayors （市长）don，t really think their jobs can be threatened any time soon. They were wrong, and the AI running for the mayor of a Tokyo district was clear proof of that.AI can，t legally

2、 run for high-ranking public management positions yet, but one mayoral candidate from Tama City, Tokyo, intended to maximize the use of Artificial Intelligence in running city affairs. He was running his campaign （竞选运动）as “AI Mayor”. Basically, he was suggesting replacing human public officials with

3、 AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that will benefit everyone.“For the first time in the world, AI will run in an election “ human candidate Michihito Matsuda announced on Twitter. Artificial Intelligence will change Tama City. With the birth of an AI Mayor,

4、we will conduct balanced politics. ”The AI Mayor was campaigning very much like its human competitors. Posters were shown all over Tama City and campaign trucks were blaring out （大声鸣响）promises of an AI utopia （乌托邦）and asking for support.Some people called Michihito Matsuda，s campaign a stunt（噱头），as

5、a human would still be the one legally in charge. However, others said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background, adding that it had to be a better choice.语篇解读：本文是一篇科技说明文。我们听说过机器人和人工智能取代了人类的部分 工作，可是他们竟然参选东京某区的市长，这使人们看法不一。Whats the advantage of the AI mayor accord

6、ing to Michihito Matsuda?Maximizing the use of ALReplacing human officials.Creating balanced policies.Bringing him beneficial effects.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Basically, he was suggesting replacing human public officials with AI and having them collect city data and create fair and balanced policies that

7、will benefit everyone.”可知，他认为，人工智能市长的优势在于收集城市数据， 制定公平、平衡的政策，让每个人都受益。故选C。Whats the citizens，attitude toward Michihito Matsuda5 s campaign?They believe AI will win.All consider it to be tricky.It is supposed to be a failure definitely.Some think its worthy of expectation.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段However, ot

8、hers said that they were excited about the future of AI running things in the background, adding that it had to be a better choice.”可知，有些人认为这是一个噱头，而有人认为这是一个更好地选择，是值得期待的， 故选D。What is the best title for the passage?AI Runs for the MayorB The Advantages of AIAI Replaces Human in ManagementThe Patterns

9、of AI Management解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述了人工智能参与竞选东京某 市市长的职位，故选A。BA cellphone is one of the few things that we hold close to our faces all the time, and yet it could possibly explode this is what made the recent Samsung，s Galaxy Note 7 smart phone accidents so shocking.According to technology news w

10、ebsite The Vergey flawed（有瑕疵的）phone batteries might be to blame.Even if you are not a science student, you probably know that it is common sense that the anode （负极）and the cathode （正极）should never touch. If they do, the battery will short- circuit （短路），causing a powerful electrical reaction that can

11、 destroy the battery and cause a fire.This is why all lithium-ion （锂离子）batteries - the kind that can be found in many of our devices like tablets and cameras have a separator layer inside to stop the two ends from touching one another.But somehow, the separators in some of the Samsung phones broke,

12、causing explosions.Overcharging is another problem that can make batteries heat up quickly. Fortunately, most batteries are designed to be able to automatically stop charging once they are fully charged. But again, this somehow failed to happen in some of the Samsung phones.The two “somehows” may so

13、und random（随机的）and hard to explain. But they actually both come from the fact that phone producers have been pushing the limits of batteries to meet customers demand for a longer battery life.According to Lynden Archer, a materials scientist at Cornell University, US, “we have already achieved 90 pe

14、rcent of the battery life possible from a lithium-ion battery. Customers，demand that their devices get thinner has also given producers little choice but to try to put more power into thinner batteries.”“The more energy you put into a box, the more dangerous its going to be, “ Billy Wu, a lecturer a

15、t Imperial College London, told The Guardian.A thinner battery also means producers have to use thinner material for separators, and thinner material has more chance of breaking.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对三星手机爆炸的原因进行了详细的分析。What are the direct reasons for the Samsung phone explosions?Short circuiting and ove

16、rheating.B . Pushing the limits of batteries.Overcharging and thinner batteries.Automatic charging and broken separators.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第三段 a If they do, the battery will short-circuit causing a powerful electrical reaction that can destroy the battery and cause a fire. 以及第 六段“Overcharging is anothe

17、r problem that can make batteries heat up quickly.”可推知，造 成三星手机爆炸的直接原因是短路和过热，所以选A。Lynden Archers comments indicate that.demands for thinner cellphones are unreasonablelithium-ion batteries are less useful with less powerproducers have to get batteries thinner to meet consumers，demandsnew materials ar

18、e badly needed to create safer cellphone batteries解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，Lynden Archer的评论表明手 机生产商使手机电池变薄是为了满足消费者的需求，所以选C。What is the writer5 s main purpose of writing the article?To describe problems facing cellphone producers.To explain the reasons for the Samsung phone explosions.To teach us com

19、mon sense when it comes to batteries.To warn us about the dangers of lithium-ion batteries.解析：选B 写作意图题。本文主要对三星手机爆炸的原因进行了详细的分析，所以 选B。CTechnology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TVNow one American company is offe

20、ring its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted （植入）in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands. Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees for free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market

21、 will pay for thechip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 50 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands.The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Impla

22、nting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. With a chip in hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will

23、 be also used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband （腕带）or a ring with a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.Three Square Market

24、 is the first company in the United States to offer to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while.Three Square Market says the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when they are

25、within a few inches of them. The chips protect against identity theft, similar, to credit cards.” The U S. Food and Drug Administration approved the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.In the future, people with the chips may be able to do more with them,

26、even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了技术带给人们方便，一家美国公司通 过给员工手里植入芯片来带给员工方便。

27、What is the third paragraph mainly about?The substitutes of the chips.The advantages of the chips.The places to implant the chips.The potential risks of implanting the chips.解析：选 B 段落大意题。根据第三段“The chip is about the size of a grain of rice . used to identify employees.”可知，第三段讲述的是芯片的优点，故选B。What does t

28、he underlined word “them in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The hands.B. The employees.C. The scanners.D. The credit cards.解析：选C 代词指代题。根据倒数第二段“The company says scanners can read thechips only when they are within a few inches of them.”公司说扫描仪只能在几英寸以内才能 读取芯片。由此可知them指代的就是scanners,故选C。We can infer that.the chi

29、ps have magic powersthe chips are very popular among the employeesthe price of the chips is reasonablemost people suspect the application of the chips解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第二段“About 50 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so.（80名员工中约有50人选择这样做由此可推知，芯片在员工当中很受欢迎，故选B。Which of the following best describes Todd

30、 Westbys attitude towards the chips?A. Defensive.B. Disappointing.C. Optimistic.D. Casual.解析：选 C 观点态度题。根据最后一段He says, Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc. ”（他说：“最终，这项技术将会标准化，你可以把它作为你的护照、 公共交

31、通工具、所有的购买机会等等。“）由此推知Todd Westby对芯片持乐观态度。故选 CoB卷核心素养强化练I .完形填空Unlike reproduction that involves two “parents， such as a male and a female plant, cloning has a single parent. This is often used in 1 certain plants. Certain plants have 2 cloning processes for thousands of years, 3 they do not play a pa

32、rt in the 4 arguments that surround cloning of animals, and most particularly humans.For example, reproductive cloning of animals was first $ in the 1950s. Most know the sheep Dolly, cloned in 1996. Dollys parent had DNA transferred 0 an egg that had its nucleus （核子）removed. This is called a nuclear

33、 transfer. The cell was then with chemicals to make it grow so an almost & copy of the sheep was 9.In fact, Dolly was not an exact clone of her parent. She J。 the same DNA, but some of the genetic materials of the donor cell also 1 part of Dolly. This is only 0.1% of Dolly，s DNA, but it does J2 a li

34、ttle difference.The cloning 3 in Dolly was not exactly 14. It took 277 donor eggs, and the production of 29 embryos before a live birth was 15. Calf cloning experiments with nuclear transfer have boomed less than 1% of the time.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何进行克隆。1. A.realizingB. reformingC. reproducingD. a

35、chieving解析：选C 这种技术（克隆）常常被用于“复制”某些植物。2. A.goneC. castB. undergoneD. chosen解析：选B 某些植物好几千年以来“经历”克隆进程。undergo “经历，承受”，符合语境。3. A.butB. andC. or解析：选A“但是”在伦理方面的争论不起作用。4. A.fascinatingC. vainB commercialD. moral解析：选D 根据常识可知，由克隆技术引发的争论是关于伦理方面的，所以moral “伦 理的，道德的，符合语境。5. A.attemptedB. botheredC. adored解析：选A对动物

36、的再生克隆于20世纪50年代首次进行“尝试” o6. A.intoB. ontoC. onD. out解析：选A多莉的父亲或母亲的DNA被移植进一个卵子里。treatedcreated7. A.heatedC. seated解析：选B然后细胞被用化学药品“处理”。treat with ”处理；应付”。8. A.exactdifferentC. similarsame解析：选A根据下文中的 “Dolly was not an exact clone of her parent” 可知 exact ”精确的，准确的”，符合题意。9. A.bornB deadC. questionedD. desi

37、gned解析：选A 因此这只羊的几乎精确的复制品就这样“诞生” 了。A.discussedB.experiencedC. ownedD.shared解析：选D 此处share “分享”表示出了多莉和母体细胞之间的共性。A.announcedB.becameC. beganD.saved解析：选B 但是捐赠细胞的一些基因也“成了”多莉的一部分。12. A.oweC. makeB. appearD. have解析：选C make a difference为固定搭酉己，“有关系，有影响”。B resultingA.believingC. settingC. settingD leading解析：选B

38、 导致(resulting in)多莉出生的这次克隆实际上并不那么简单(simple)。o故选B项。believe in 相信；set in “嵌入；lead in “引入”B. magicalD. disastrousB. donatedD. hatchedA.simpleC. ordinary解析：选A参见上题解析。A.obtainedC. contributed解析：选A 需要277个捐献的卵子才能“得到” 29个能安全出生的胚胎。obtain “得 到，获得”。II.语法填空Beijing, s Forbidden City is a place full of wonders. Fr

39、om its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, if s no wonder that it is one of China，s most popular scenic 1 (spot). But even more than 600 years after it 2 (build), its still managing to serve up surprises.The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and 3 (culture) significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. While most structures aren，t made 4 (survive) natural disasters, the Forbidden City seems to withstand anything.To show how strong the an