《英美诗歌鉴赏课件》Edgar-Allan-Poe(1809-1849)

1、Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849)Life and WorksBorn in Boston, son of traveling actors.At a, orphaned and taken by John Allantobacco exporterAt 17, the University of Virginialeft soon for debts1827(18), quarrel with Mr. Allan-Tamerlane and other Poems 1st collection of poems at own expenseenlisted in the a

2、rmy1829, discharged Mr. Allan died1830, entered West Point for 8 months1831, Poems a farewell gift live on writing visited fathers family in Baltimore1835, Southern Literary Messenger(南方文学信使)1836, married 13-year-old cousin1836-1849, literary editor for several magazines1838, Ligelia1840, Tales of t

3、he Grotesque and Arabesque(奇异怪诞故事集)first collection of short stories The Fall of the House of Usher (厄舍古厦的倒塌)1846, the Raven and other Poemsthe Raven is the most famous poems written by Poe1846, The Masque of the Red Death(红死魔的假面舞会)his wife died TB (tuberculosis)1849, suddenly died consider a myster

4、ious thingThe CommentsThe most misunderstood and controversial literary figure in American literatureFrench symbolist regarded Poe as their forefathera. Wrote some scathing criticism on the famousLiterary figures among them (H.W. Longfellow)b. His literary executor: Rufus Criswoldc. His writing happ

5、iness cannot be understood because he was aheadof his timeTheories1.The poetic principle2.The philosophy of composition3. Review of “Twice-Told Tales评霍桑重述的故事” collection of short stories by Nathaniel HawthorneHis Theories on Poetry Writing1. The poems should be short, readableat one sitting (at one

6、time) in order to get a general and complete idea of poem2. The chief aim of the poem is beautymelancholy is the most suitable poetic tune the death of beauty will be the best poetic topic3. Opposed the heresy of the didactic function of the poetry and calls for “pure” poetryreal function: to move t

7、he heart of the reader and their soul can soar towards supernal beauty” earthly experience4. Stressed rhythm”poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty” uses all kinds of poetical devicesTheories on Short Writing1.short, readable at one sittingto get brevity and totality of impression2.The first se

8、ntence of the short story should be able to bring out the “single effect” of the story (the mood of the writers want to create)3. No word should be used which doesnt contribute to the “pre-established design” of the work4. A tale should be able to reveal some “logical truth” with the fullest satisfa

9、ction and should end with the last sentence, leaving a sense of finality with the readersTheme 1. The disintegration of the self under the pressure from the spirit or psychology world become insane or mad2. The unconsciousness and subconsciousness of the mind and the activities of the mind every min

10、d is possible to be half-mad every mind is capable of slipping into insanity use neurotics heroic figure( the first person in America to use neurotics)famous for his stories of horrorThe Significance of Allen Poe1. He is the 1st American writer who formalized the techniques of fiction writing2. He i

11、nvented the detective stories (fiction)3. He is important for his psychological analysis influenced the psychological realism (Henry James)4. Poe is the forefather of French symbolism5. He is the first writer to use neurotics as his heroic figures6. Allen Poes works influencedmany English and Americ

12、an writers7. He influenced “the course of literary criticismand American Literature” The Weakness of Poes works1. Poes works are traditional too traditional, too ordinary to reflect the peculiarity of his theme to carry the newness of his idea into his style to echo his central theme2. His work is n

13、ot easy to reader his choice of words his syntax his mannerism hinders a smooth and pleasurable readingThe RavenGenera InformationFirst published in 1844one of Poes most popular poemsA verse narrative and has 108 lines A Marvel of Regularity719 complete feet705 are perfect trochees(扬抑格)，ten doubtful

14、 trochees, and only 4 clearly dactyls(扬抑抑格)Metrical rhythm iambic 抑扬格 trochee 扬抑格， 即先重读，后非重 dactyls 扬抑抑格 TheRaven Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweakry， Overmanyaquintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore，WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping, Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmych

15、amberdoor. “Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoor Onlythis,andnothingmore. 有一天阴沉的半夜时分，当我疲乏烦闷， 面对一堆古籍奇书，想把失传的奥秘揭开， 当我打着盹几乎睡着，忽听得一声剥啄， 仿佛有人轻轻敲着，轻敲在我的房门外。 “谁敲门呢?”我喃喃道，“一定有客人来， 别无其他，不必费疑猜。” Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember, Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor. Eag

16、erlyIwishedthemorrow; vainlyIhadtriedtoborrow Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow sorrowforthelostLenore FortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore Namelesshereforevermore. 啊，记得清清楚楚，那是十二月寒冷刺骨， 行将熄灭的余烬投射的鬼影在地上摇摆。 我焦急地盼望天亮，我徒劳地搜寻书章， 想从书中借良方，止住失去丽诺尔的悲哀 天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱， 人间此名已永不存在。MeterThe regular patte

17、rn of stressed and unstressed syllablesA stressed syllable/A unstressed syllableUMeter is based on syllablesFoot A unit of poetic meter of stressedand unstressed syllable Andthesilkensaduncertainrustlingofeachpurplecurtain Thrilledme filledmewithfantasticterrorsneverfeltbefore; Sothatnow,tostilltheb

18、eatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating, Tissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor Somelatevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor ; Thisitisandnothingmore. ” 每幅紫红的丝绸帘幕，发出悲哀的簌簌， 使从未体验的荒诞的恐怖向我袭来； 此刻为了止住心悸，我站着再次说道： “这是有人来找，敲着我的房门要求进来， “这是半夜的客人，敲着我的房门要求进来， 别无其他，不必费疑猜。Presentlymysoulgrewstronger;hesitati

19、ngthennolonger, Sir,saidI,orMadam,trulyyourforgivenessIimplore; ButthefactisIwasnapping,andsogentlyyoucamerapping, Andsofaintlyyoucametapping,tappingatmychamberdoor, ThatIscarcewassureIheardyou-hereIopenedwidethedoor; Darknessthere,andnothingmore. 刹那间我鼓足了勇气，于是我不再迟疑， “我诚恳地请你原谅，”我说，“先生或太太， 事实我是瞌睡朦胧，而你

20、又敲得太轻， 那么模糊不清地敲着敲着，在我房门外， 我不知是否真的听见，”这时我把房门大开， 一无所有，一片阴霾。 Deepintothat darknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearing Doubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore; Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken, Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,Lenore! ThisIwhispered,andan

21、echomurmuredbacktheword,Lenore! Merelythis,andnothingmore. 我向这片黑暗张望，我愣在那儿，惊疑慌张， 凡人从不敢做的怪梦纷纷向我袭来， 但周围一片寂静，黑暗中毫无迹象可寻， 唯有低语“丽诺尔”的声音在黑夜里徘徊， 这是我低呼“丽诺尔!”而回声又传了回来， 别无其他，除此以外。 Thenintothechamberturning allmysoulwithinmeburning, SoonIheardagainatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore. Surely,saidI,surelythatissometh

22、ingatmywindowlattice; Letmesee,then,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexplore Letmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore; Tisthewind,andnothingmore! 于是我转身进房，整个灵魂像着了火一样， 马上又听到一声剥啄，响声超过了刚才。 “我敢断定，”我说，“有东西在敲我的窗格， 让我看看那儿有什么，好把这神秘解开， 让我的心稍微静一静，就把这神秘解开， 准是风声，岂有他哉!” OpenhereIflungtheshutter,when,withmanyaflir

23、tandflutter, Intheresteppedastatelyravenofthesaintlydaysofyore; Nottheleastobeisancemadehe;notaninstantstoppedorstayedhe; But,withmienoflordorlady,perchedabovemychamberdoor PercheduponabustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor Perched,andsat,andnothingmore. 这时我大敞了百叶窗，于是，抖动着翅膀， 跨进一只严肃的乌鸦他属于神圣的古代； 他毫无谦恭的礼仪，也

24、毫不停步或迟疑， 却摆出贵族的神气，跑到我房门顶上呆， 在我门顶的智慧女神雅典娜的像上呆， 呆在那里，再不下来。Thenthisebonybirdbeguilingmysadfancyintosmiling, Bythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore.Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,Isaid,artsurenocraven, GhastlygrimandancientravenwanderingfromtheNightlyshore TellmewhatthylordlynameisontheNig

25、htsPlutonianshore! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. 这头乌檀木的大鸟，一副庄严的外表，他的严肃高雅驱散我的忧思，逗我开怀；“哪怕拔光你的毛发，”我说，“你胆量可真大，你这阴森森的古代乌鸦，来自夜的彼岸，请教你的尊姓大名，在夜的冥府之岸！”乌鸦说道：“永不再。” MuchImarveledthisungainlyfowltoheardiscoursesoplainly, Thoughitsanswerlittlemeaning-littlerelevancyhore; Forwecannothelpagreeingthatnosublunarybeing Ev

26、eryetwasblessedwithseeingbirdabovehischamberdoor- BirdorbeastuponthesculpturedbustaboveIuschamberdoor, WithsuchmimeasNevermore. 这只难看的大鸟听得懂话，使我大为惊讶， （尽管他的回答不得要领，意思不甚明白，） 因为我们不能不承认， 普天下的世人谁也未曾有幸见到大禽在他的房门上呆，有幸见到鸟或兽在他门顶的雕像上呆， 而且名叫“永不再。”Buttheraven,sittinglonelyontheplacidbust,spokeonly Thatoneword,asifh

27、issoulinthatillwordhedidoutpour. Nothingfartherthenheuttered-notafeatherthenhefluttered- TillIscarcelymorethanmuttered,Otherfriendshaveflownbefore- Onthemorrowhewillleaveme,asmyhopeshaveflownbefore. Quoththeraven,Nevermore. 但栖在雕像上的乌鸦，只说了这一句话，仿佛是他整个灵魂在这句话里吐了出来。接下去他什么也不说，没有一根羽毛抖动，直等到我喃喃地说：“其他朋友都已离开，像我

28、飞走的希望一样，到早晨他也会离开。” 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Wonderingatthestillnessbrokenbyreplysoaptlyspoken, Doubtless,saidI,whatituttersisitsonlystockandstore, CaughtfromsomeunhappymasterwhomunmercifulDisaster Followedfastandfollowedfastel-so,whenHopehewouldadjure, SternDespairreturned,insteadofthesweetHopehedaredadjure- That

29、sadanswer,Nevermore! 这一应答如此聪明，不禁使我大吃一惊，无疑地，”我说，这句话就是他的全部口才，得自某位倒楣的主人灾祸对他毫不怜悯， 步步紧跟越跟越紧，直到他的歌身负重载，直到他所有希望的挽歌都身负同一个重载，这重载就叫“永不再。”Buttheravenstillbeguilingallmysadsoulintosmiling, StraightIwheeledacushionedseatinfrontofbird,andbust,anddoor; Thenuponthevelvetsinking,Ibetookmyselftolinking Fancyuntofancy

30、,thinkingwhatthisominousbirdofyore- Whatthisgrim,ungainly,ghastly,gaunt,andominousbirdofyore MeantincroakingNevermore. 但乌鸦还在逗我开心，消遣我的苦闷，我干脆把软垫座椅推到大鸟跟前来；往天鹅绒上一坐，吧种种幻想连成线索。把这阴森古怪，恐怖难看的不详古鸟猜，为什么他说“永不再。”ThisIsatengagedinguessing,butnosyllableexpressing Tothefowlwhosefieryeyesnowburnedintomybosomscore; T

31、hisandmoreIsatdivining,withmyheadateasereclining Onthecushionsvelvetliningthatthelamplightgloatedoer, Butwhosevelvetvioletliningwiththelamplightgloatingoer, Sheshallpress,ah,nevermore! 我猜着，全神贯注，但对大禽我一声不出，他那如火的眼睛此刻已烧透了我的心怀；凭直觉我感知了许多，当我的头轻轻靠着，靠着灯光的幸灾乐祸之下的天鹅绒座垫，但座垫的主人呢，这淡紫色的天鹅绒座垫 她不再靠了，永不再!Then,methoug

32、ht,theairgrewdenser,perfumedfromanunseencenser Swungbyangelswhosefaintfoot-fallstinkledonthetuftedfloor. Wretch,Icried,thyGodhathlentthee-bytheseangelshehathsentthee Respite-respiteandNepenthefromthymemoriesofLenore! LetmequaffthiskindNepentheandforgetthislostLenore! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. 我觉得空气变得

33、稠密，无形香炉散出香气，那是天使们摇着香炉，丁丁当当隐隐走来。“可怜虫!”我喊道，“上帝派天使给我送来了安息安息和忘忧药，让我把丽诺尔忘怀！让我饮尽忘忧灵药，把失去的丽诺尔忘怀！ 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Prophet!saidI,thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil!- WhetherTemptersent,orwhethertempesttossedtheehereashore, Desolate,yetallundaunted,onthisdesertlandenchanted- OnthishomebyHorrorhaunted-tellmetr

34、uly,Iimplore- Isthere-istherebalminGilead?(1)-tellme-tellme,Iimplore! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. “先知！”我说，“一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!不管是诱惑者派你来，还是风暴把你抛来来到这被魔法迷住但未吓住的荒芜国土，来到这恐怖的小屋求求你，向我坦白：基列有没有止痛香膏?求求你，向我坦白!” 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”基列：据圣经传说，约旦河东的基列出产灵药，系树脂制成。 Prophet!saidI,thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil! BythatHeaventh

35、atbendsaboveus-bythatGodwebothadore- Tellthissoulwithsorrowladenif,withinthedistantAidenn(2), ItshallclaspasaintedmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore- ClasparareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore. Quoththeraven,Nevermore. (2) Aidenn ：阿拉伯语的And, 即Eden （天堂，乐园）“先知!”我说，“一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!凭着上天，凭着上帝(咱俩对他同样膜拜)，请

36、告诉我悲痛的灵魂：在遥远的伊甸园中，我能不能把升天的少女丽诺尔抱在胸怀？天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱！“乌鸦说道：“永不再。Bethatwordoursignofparting,birdorfiend!Ishrieked,upstarting- GettheebackintothetempestandtheNightsplutonianshore! Leavenoblackplumeasatokenofthatliethysoulhathspoken! Leavemylonelinessunbroken!-quitthebustabovemydoor! Takethybeakfromou

37、tmyheart,andtakethyformfromoffmydoor! Quoththeraven,Nevermore. “用这句话告别吧，恶魔或乌!”我跳起来狂叫，“回到你那风暴之夜，回到你那冥府之岸！连一根黑羽也别留下，让我忘却你的谎话！别再对我的孤寂打岔!从我的雕像离开！别再啄我的心了，从我门上的雕像离开！ 乌鸦说道：“永不再。”Andtheraven,neverflitting,stillissitting,stillissitting OnthepallidbustofPallas（3）justabovemychamberdoor; Andhiseyeshavealltheseemingofademonthatisdreaming, Andthelamp-lightoerhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthefloor; Andmys