2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第三步过段落关第二讲如何写好文章正文讲义

1、2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第三步过段落关第二讲如何写好文章正文讲义正文是文章的核心段落，在写作时应遵循一定的顺序进行表达，才能让读者快速领会文章的表达内容，而不应是几个要点的简单堆砌。合理地组织段落会使文章大放异彩。一、组段应遵循的两个原则统一性原则一段话只能有一个中心，每句话都只能围绕这个中心去阐述，不能随心所欲地添加一些与中心无关的句子。下面是一个缺乏统一性的段落：The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. Pointing to apolicema n not far away, t

2、he young man expla in ed. He stopped us about half an hourago and made us catch the n ext offen der. As we came to the crossroads a young manand a girl came up and stopped us. My brother was riding with mesittingon the seatbeh ind. We bought the bicycle.名师指津本段内容缺乏统一性，句与句之间关联性不大，貌似每句话表达一个中心意思。语意颠倒，而且

3、最后一句与中心无关。正确内容如下：The other day my brother and I went to the cin ema by bicycle. My brother wasriding with me sitting on the seat behind. As we came to the crossroads a young man and a girl came up and stopped us. Pointing to a policema n not far away, the young man expla in ed, “ He stopped us about

4、 half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. ”连贯性原则指句与句、段与段过渡自然（和谐、流畅，层次分明，符合逻辑）。保持段落的连贯性就应恰如其分地运用过渡语，使内容承前启后。如：first, at first, seco nd, and the n,fin ally,what s more, but, however, such as, thus, as a result, in fact, therefore,in a word, i n short 等。二、五种常见的组段排列法一般而言，段落排列是有讲究的，主要有五种常见的行

5、之有效的方法：1 时间顺序排列法时间顺序排列法是按时间发生的先后顺序或动作先后顺序来组成段落的表达法。这是一种简便而常见的手法，常用于讲故事、叙述经历、介绍历史事件、解释事物发展的过程、说 明科学研究的程序等。典例1Mike works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves his home and walks to the lift. He gets into the lift. It takes him down to the first floor. 名师指津 该段是按动作先后顺序，通过时间推进方式描述人物活动的，使

6、Mike 从离开家到坐电 梯去一楼的场景非常清晰地呈现在读者眼前。有时为了明确各句之间的时间关系，会使用一些较明显的时间标记或过渡语等。 典例 2I was born in NewYork, but I grew up in San Francisco. I began to live in London 25 years ago with my wife. If I am asked where I want to live forever, I would say London. 名师指津 按时间顺序安排的段落同样首先要写好主题句， 然后按事情发生的顺序或步骤的先后进 行组织表达， 所以要

7、学会选用合适的表示时间先后的过渡语， 使句与句之间有机地联系起来。 过渡语就如同润滑剂，起到承上启下的作用，使表达流畅、自然。在表达时间顺序时，经常使用的衔接词和过渡语有： now, then, before, after, afterwards, earlier, later, first, first of all, to begin/start with, firstly, at first, at the beginning, at the moment, atthe same time, immediately, soon, next,meanwhile, gradually, fi

8、nally, recently 以及具体的时间状语， 如 in January, on Monday, on the morning of, in xx, in spring, in a few days, in the past five years, one morning, the day before yesterday等。2空间顺序排列法 空间顺序排列法是指按照事物或人物所处的空间位置进行有序的组织和布局的表现手 法，如从左到右、从顶端到底部、由近及远等各种自然的顺序。这种表达法常用于写人、物 和景，大到一个国家、 一个民族、 一座山、一个湖、 一艘轮船、 一架飞机等， 小到一幢房子

9、、 一个院子、一个房间、一件物品、一张脸等。这种表达手法可分为静态描写和动态描写。其目的是易于读者正确地理解所表达的内 容。按所表达的人或物相互之间的空间关系， 进行有序地组织和描写。 一旦确定了安排顺序 的形式，空间中的所有人或事物都应遵循这一形式，中途不能随意停止和改变。 典例 3In the western suburbs of Jinan, there stands a small village. That is mynative place. My native place is full of beauty. A green hill is behind it, and a wi

10、de field in front. Around the village, there is a little stream in which the fish are swimming to and fro. The most populous part of the village is in the west. There are many stone houses standing among the green trees. In the east of the village there is a temple, which has been used as a primary

11、school. If one stands on the hill, heis sure to see a perfect view of the village. 名师指津 上文描述的是自己的家乡， 作者按照空间顺序对村庄进行了描述， 给读者展现了一幅清 晰而美丽的家乡图画。文中使用了许多表示位置的过渡语，使全文流畅通顺。从上面的短文我们看出要写一篇准确描述空间位置的段落应该具备：好的主题句；空间位置的清晰、有序的组织；合适的表示空间位置的过渡语。按空间展开的段落之中的衔接词和过渡词有： near, near to, close to, far, far from, in front of,

12、 beyond, above, below, under, beneath, up, down, along, to the right/left, in/to the east of, around, surrounding, on the one side, on the other side, inside, outside, alongside, over, throughout, towards, in the middle, in the centre, at the top of, at the foot of, at the bottom of, at the edge of,

13、 at the end of, across 等。3比较对照排列法 比较对照排列法是指将两个或更多的相似或相近的人或物， 通过比较和对照， 说明其差 异及相似性的写作手法， 其目的是揭示该事物或人物的特点或特征。 严格地说， 比较是指出 同种类型的两人 (或更多人 )或两物 (或更多物 ) 的相同点，而对照则是指出他 (它) 们的不同 点。然而，在实际表达时，比较和对照往往同时运用。对事物或人物做比较对照时要注意的是： 只能就同类的人或物进行比较， 比如把当今中 国和旧中国比较， 而不能与计算机比较。 事物之间在逻辑上很难搭配的比较称之为比拟， 如 人生和河流，两者之间明显不同，只是比拟其相似

14、性。 典例 4Today, women s life is much better than ever before. In the past womencouldn t get a job. They could only stay at home to take care of babies. But now women can get jobs easily and they can do any work as men do. In cities, all girls can go to school, and even in the countryside many girls ca

15、n go to school, too.Now, people cherish girls as much as boys. They say girls and boys are the same. In their homes, husbands also do housework.People often say,“ Women hold up half the sky. ” In fact, women play a veryimportant role in today s society.I believe that one day, there will be a woman p

16、resident in China. 名师指津 文章讨论了当今一个热点话题现代妇女的社会地位。 作者运用了新旧社会对比的手法，并且引用了俗语，使文章严肃而不乏生动。 典例 5My hometown is quite different from what it used to be. More than ten years ago my hometown was a small and quiet place. The houses were small and dark. The streets were for the most part narrow and rough. There w

17、ere few people in the streets and shops. Now everything has changed. Looking in every direction from the centre of the town, one sees a succession of grand, imposing buildings. The streets, whether long or short, are straight and wide. Crowds of people can be found here and there, hurrying, noisy, a

18、nd well -dressed. From a small and dull village with some shabby houses in the past, my hometown has bee a big city, colorful and beautiful. 名师指津 本段阐述了家乡的今昔之别，从第二句开始陈述十年前的家乡旧貌：小而阴暗的房子、 窄而不平的街道等； 接着展示了今日的景象： 宏伟而壮观的楼房、 宽阔笔直的街道、忙碌而 衣着华丽的人们等。 通过今昔家乡的建筑物、 街道和人们的比较对照， 展现了家乡的巨大变 化。表达比较对照的常用连接词和过渡语有： differ

19、 from, contrast with, equal, similarly, in the same way, on the other hand, on the contrary, both .and ., one .the other, whereas, just like, in spite of, instead, another, moreover, besides, in addition to, despite, the former .the latter, some .others, in contrast to, here .there, this .that, then

20、 .now等。4因果关系排列法 因果关系排列法是指通过分析事物的因果关系， 通过现象推断其成因， 或者根据某一现 象的特点推测它在某种条件下可能产生的后果的一种写作方式， 该手法一般用于说明文。 它 就像我们平时讲话问“为什么”， 答“因为”一样， 当介绍某一客观现象或客观事实时， 阐 明发生的原因，论述其结果，有时只说明事情的成因，或只陈述其结果。因果关系法是一种逻辑性写作形式。 分析事物的因果关系是一种复杂的思维活动， 不能 随便乱写。 因为事物或现象的出现一般会有多种原因。 如主题句是： In the past few years, higher education has bee le

21、ss important to young people than it was previously.这是一种现象，接着应分析产生这种现象的多种原因，女口： the pressure of fierce petitions,better opportunities in the job market 或 muchof the knowledge taught in the college being outdated 等。分析因果关系时要善于运用逻辑推理能力， 合理推测， 言之有理。 表示因果关系的衔接 词和过渡语有： because, as, since, for, thanks to,

22、due to, so, therefore, as a result of, as a result/consequence 等。 典例 6People who live in the countryside generally live longer than those who live in the city.First, the close contact with nature is good for the health of the body and spirit. They breathe fresh air and make friends with trees, sand,

23、 cows and dogs. Next, hard physical work keeps farmers fit and healthy. It is widely believed that farmers suffer from fewer diseases than people in the city. Besides, being free from the pressures of city life contributes to the health of farmers. Moreover, because of the absence of buses and other

24、 vehicles, one can walk more freely without being afraid of accidents. The environment is better in the countryside than that in the city.Hardly does any pollution exist in the countryside, which makes farmers live a quiet and peaceful life. 名师指津 本文的写作手法是先叙述一个结果， 然后分析和阐述造成这个结果的原因， 运用了因果 关系法，这是先结果后原因

25、的表达方式。5过程排列法 描述涉及多个步骤， 应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚， 在这一类文章里常 常用祈使句和不定代词“你”来表达。描述过程的常用衔接词和过渡语有：Firstly .Secondly .Thirdly .Finally .First, Then, Next, After this, Lastly .Afterwards, Furthermore, Moreover, In addition to . 典例 7As a matter of fact, there re many ways for us to deal with our mental problems.

26、First of all, we can turn to our teachers for help, including our psychology teacher. Second, munication is of vital importance. Whenwe have a talk or discussion aboutour problems with our friends or classmates, we can feel greatly relieved. Last but not least, we need to develop a positive attitude

27、 towards our studies and our life. Wearing a smile is not only a sign of friendliness but also a cure for bad feelings.然后按顺序逐一说明各个解决办 名师指津 本文开头先点明了解决我们所面对的精神问题的办法，法。2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习步骤化写作增分第二步过句子关第一讲句子如何写对讲义句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。一、主语+谓语（不及物动词）该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：

28、句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。What s worse, I dpn t muni cate well in my family.（xx天津高考满分作文）更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。And I can play outside too ! （xx 四川高考书面表达 ）我也可以在外面玩！名师指津主语和不及物动词（短语）是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。 在实际运用中，不及物动 词往往与副词、介词及其他相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系。 我们在学习此句型时，应当重 视不同动词与其相关词汇的搭配关系。二、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语该句

29、式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词， 都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语（宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当），即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。.(xx-北京高考书面表达We debated over what to put into the video c . 3 c - 我们讨论了该把什么放进视频中。I plan to find a part-time job in a foreig n capital pan y.（xx全国卷I书面表达）我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。名师指津上述例句都是本句型的典型句子，修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末。这些状语多数是副

30、词或介词短语，也可以用名词短语、分词或不定式短语等作状语。该句式的谓语动词要用 及物动词或及物动词短语。三、主语+系动词+表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词（主要是be动词），表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。Tang_Poetry is_what we一 are. going toearn.the. next class, scheduled on July20 in the school library.(xx-全国卷I书面表达）唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容，定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。This is sure

31、ly a good cha neefor more people to see them.（xx 全国卷n书面表达）对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。The_ “ Foreign Cultures ” _section in our newspaper is very popular among us students .（xx 全国卷I书面表达 ）我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。名师指津本句型中的连系动词以 be为最多。此外还有少数其他的连系动词，如appear, bee, get,grow, look, prove, remai n 等。本句型的特点是“连系动词

32、+表语”二者缺一不可。例如“ The teacher angry ”和“ The story about a sin ger ” 都不能成为一个句子。用作表语 的最常见的有名词和形容词，其次是介词短语和不定式短语等。四、主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语； 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。That surely gave us a great sense _ of achievement.（xx 北京高考书面表达 ）那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。Now, on behalf of m

33、y schoolmates,I wish you a safe return .（xx 天津高考书面表达）现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。名师指津英语中有些及物动词要跟双宾语，即直接宾语（指物）和间接宾语（指人）。要跟双宾语的动词有：ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, save, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。间接宾语通常在直接宾语之前，如本句型及例句所示。如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之 后，则需借助介词to或

34、for。五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语， 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。 I would like you to join . our school. s. table, tennis . team.（xx 全国卷川书面表达）我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。2.你考虑过利用你的天赋加入辩论队吗？（主语+谓语+宾语）Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.（x

35、x 辽宁高考书面表达）你的投稿将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。In fact,he inspires me to major in En glishin college.（xx北京高考书面表达）事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。名师指津英语中，有些及物动词除要求跟宾语外，还必须外加一个补足语，句意才能完整。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有：call,consider,choose, elect, feel,find, get, keep, make, n ame, paint, push, set, su

36、ppose, think, turn等。要跟不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：ask, expect, force, get, have, hear, help,let, listento, make, notice,order, permit, persuade, see, tell, want, watch, warn等。其中 have, make, let, listen to, hear, notice, see, watch, feel要求跟不带 to的不定式作宾补。动词help后作宾补的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。本句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”，也可称之为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补

37、足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系，因此，逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点。它不同于第四基本句型中的“间接宾语+直接宾语”就在于“间接宾语+直接宾语”之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。专题过关训练I .写出下列句子属于五种基本句式的哪一种主语+系动词+表语In other words, we are the master of our own future.主语+主主语+谓语（及My mother bought me a beautiful skirt in the supermarket last week. 谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语A blind man was walking slowly

38、 and carefully with a stick in his hand. 语+谓语（不及物动词）He had mastered 2,000 En glish words by the end of last mon th. 物动词）+宾语As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语n .根据提示补全句子现在，在中学里课外活动正变得越来越受欢迎。（主语+系动词+表语）Nowadays after-class activitiesare being more

39、 and more popular in middle schools.Have you thought of usin your_talent_to_jointhe_debate_team?3他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）He made his workers work_12_hours_a_day.早睡早起是一个好习惯。（主语+系动词+表语，动名词作主语 ）Goin g_to_bed_early_a nd_gett in g_up_early is a good habit.5最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。（主语+谓语）Great_changes_

40、have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）You will find En glish_a_bridge to so much kno wledge.你介意我打开窗户吗？（主语+谓语+宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语）Would you min d_me/my_ope nin g_the_wi ndow?&科普书籍能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。（不定式作宾补）Popular scie nee books can help us stude nts to bee

41、 more in terested in scie nee and n ature.川.根据提示翻译句子1 事故是昨天下午发生的。（主语+谓语）The_accident_happened/took_place_yesterday_aftern 2一切看来都不同了。（主语+系动词+表语）Everythi ng_seems_differe nt.3 他承认犯了错误。（主语+谓语+宾语）He admitted making a mistake.4我给他看我的照片。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）I showed him my photos.这使得他们要仔细想一想。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）T

42、his made them th ink carefully.第2课时并列句并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中需要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。一、常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系（递进关系）and, both . and ., not only but (also) .,n either . n or .转折关系but, yet, whereas选择关系or, otherwise, orelse, either . or., not . but .因果关系for, so, therefore, thus对比关系whileSome promi

43、ses were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.（xx北京高考书面表达）有些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。I know you take good pictures and you ve always wan ted to do someth ing forenvironmen tal protecti on. （xx全国卷n书面表达 ）我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。All the classmates are friendly and kind,so you don t need to worry ab

44、outthe difficulty.（xx天津高考书面表达）所有的同学都非常友好和善良，因此你没必要担心有什么困难。As middle school stude nts, we re not familiar with foreig n cultures,whileChinese culture isn t fit to appear in an English newspaper.（xx上海高考满分作文）作为中学生，我们不熟悉外国文化，而中国的文化也不适合出现在英语报刊中。二、并列句的常用句型 TOC o 1-5 h z both .and . 既又”As we all know, trav

45、elling is beneficial toboth our mind and our health.众所周知，旅游对我们的身心都有益。either .or .或者或者； 不是就是”If you re interestedin it, you may either send an email to 12345sina or signup in perso n.（xx全国卷川书面表达）如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345ina或亲自报名。neither . nor.既不也不”In autumn, it s neithertoo hot nor too cold.（xx天津高考标准范文）

46、秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。not only .but （also） .不仅而且”Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will beheld as well.（xx全国卷n书面表达）而且还会举办许多有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品不仅会在那天展出, 用且有趣的活动。not .but .不是，而是”It is not

47、 how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.对我们的工作最有益的，不是我们做了多少，而是我们把多少爱投入进去。.while/whereas “而，去卩”The winter in Beijing is very coldwhile that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天去很暖和。祈使句 / 名词词组 and/or/otherwise 陈述句祈使句+ and +陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果

48、的主句 )Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefitfrom it.(xx四川高考满分作文 )记住它，我们就能逐渐地养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。名词词组+ and +陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more,another, further 等词 )Another try, and you ll achieve success.再试一次，你就会取得成功。祈使句 or/otherwise 陈述句 Seize the chance, or you ll regre

49、t.抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。名词词组 or/otherwise 陈述句More healthy food, or you ll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。 TOC o 1-5 h z .when “这时”sb. was doi ng sth. whe n某人正在做某事，这时”I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.今天早晨我正步行去上学

50、，这时看见一位拄着拐杖的老妇人躺在地上。sb. was about to do sth. whe n .某人正要做某事，这时”I was about to give up whenmy best friend encouraged me to go on.(xx福建高考满分作文 )我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。sb. had just done sth. whe n .某人刚做完某事，这时”I had just fini shed sweep ing the floorwhen the teleph one rang.我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。三、使用并列句的注意事项1 .连

51、词not only .but also .在连接两个分句时，如果把 not only放在句首，该分句需用部分倒装语序。Not only will these donated books make you more familiar with China,but theyalso help enhance your Chinese.(xx天津高考书面表达)这些捐赠的图书不仅将使你们更加熟悉中国，而且它们也有助于提高你们的汉语。Not only do they offer us joy and excitement,but they also encourage us to thinkcritic

52、ally.他们不仅提供给我们喜悦和兴奋，而且也鼓励我们批判性思考。 表示虽然但是”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与though/although连用。虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。Although I was very tired the n but I felt very happy.(x)tAlthough I was very tired then, I feltvery happy.( V)t I was very tired the n but I felt very happy.(V) 表示因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。因为他生病，所以他

53、那天没去上学。Because/As he was ill so he didn t go to school that day.( x)tBecause/As he was ill, he didn t go to school that day.( V)tHe was ill so he didn t go to school that day.( V)专题过关训练1I .用适当的并列连词填空(xx全国卷川书面表达)I m sure thatit willinterestyou, for you have beenenthusiastic about ping-pong. Therefore

54、, I d liketo inviteyou to join the team. (xx 陕西高考书面表达 )First, my English is very good and I m open-minded and warm-hearted, so I m gett ing along well with every one.Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.Give me a chane

55、e and I will give you a wonderful surprise.The young man wan ted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog startedto bark.Would you like to leave or would_you like to stay?00 am to 4 : 00 pm.（xx 全国卷n书面表达）I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.n .用并列句补全句子 （XX 全国卷n书面表达）因此，如果你努力学习的话，展

56、览不仅可以帮助你更好地 了解中国民间艺术，而且可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。Therefore,_theexhibiti oncan_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_undeChin esefolk art,but_ca n_also_help_you_acquiresome paper-cutti ng skills if you tryhard to lear n.上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。Liste nto the teacher carefully in class, or_you_ca n t_catch_what_he_is_sa

57、yi ng.她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。She was_walkin g_al on g_the_street_whe n she heard some one calli ng her.是你所说的话而不是你所做的事使你的同学感到生气。It is not what you had done but what you had said that annoyed your classmates.事实上，我不喜欢再去，但是我害怕失去他们的友谊。As a matter of fact, I don t like to go anymore, but_l m_afraid_l _ ll_lose

58、_their_frien 第3课时复合句复合句通常包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个（或几个）主谓结构充当句子的某一成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。充当一个句子成分的主谓结构称为从 句。由于从句在句子中的作用不同，因此按其作用可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、 定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句等。由于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句子中的作用相当于名词，因此又统称为名词性从句，名词性从句由关联词that, if, whether, who, what, which, whe n,where, how, why 等引导。主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。如：What

59、we appreciated mostwas that you had a strong teamwork spirit, whichallowed us to plete our tasks very efficie ntly.（xx天津高考书面表达）我们最欣赏的是你们有很强的团队合作精神，这使我们能非常高效地完成任务。主语从句较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将从句放到句子后部。如：It is reported that there will be a Chinese paper-cuttingart exhibition thisSun day in the art gallery , wh

60、ich is expected to last about eight hours from 8:据报道， 本周日美术馆将举办一场中国剪纸艺术展， 预计从上午 8点到下午 4 点，大约 要持续八个小时。2宾语从句 在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如：Hope that my advice will be of some help to you and that you II have a goodtime in China. （xx 北京高考书面表达 ）希望我的建议能对你有一些帮助，也希望你在中国过得快乐。The residents think highly ofwhat we have don