一箭双凋背单词学马列背单词

1、My wife is a woman of great breadth of mind.我妻子是一位宽宏大量的女性。abroad abrO:dadv.到国外，在国外All my near relations live abroad.我所有的近亲都在国外。到处，广泛流传The news soon spread abroad.消息迅速传开。在户外，在室外The young people were still abroad at the dead of night.这些年轻人深更半夜还在外边。绪论马克思主义是关于无产阶级和人类解放的科学一、什么是马克思主义Marxism mo:ksizam n. 马

2、克思主义Marxist n.马克思主义者狭义的理解：马克思恩格斯的思想Narrow sense 狭义narrownrauadj.狭窄的；狭隘的The decision was taken for narrow economic reasons, without considering its social effects.这一决定是从狭隘的经济观点做出的，并没有考虑社会效应。社会历勉强的；险胜的He was elected chairman by a narrow margin. 他以微弱多数当选为主席。vt. & vi.（使）变窄The river narrows at this point

3、. 河在这里变窄了。narrowly n&rauli adv.勉强地，精细地广义的理解：马克思恩格斯的思想以及继承者是思想，在我国是广义 的理解二、马克思主义的产生和发展（一）马克思主义是时代的产物首先，资本主义经济的发展为马克思主义的产生提供了经济、 史条件资本主义capitalist k&pitlistn.资本主义制度的拥护者，资本家adj.资本家的；拥有或控制雄厚资产的；资本主义的capitalism kpitslizam n.资本主义（制度）Broad sense 广义broadbrO:d adj.宽的，阔的；广的宽宏的，胸襟开阔的清楚的，明显的大概的，不详细的broadcastbrO

4、:dko:st n.广播；播音广播节目vt. & vi.广播，播放vt.传播，乱传（消息等）breadth bredO n.宽度。宽广的程度，范围宽容，宽宏大量abroadabrO:dadv.到国外，在国外卜到处，广泛流传在户外，在室外资本（或财富）的拥有资本（私人占有和生产盈利）的支配地位capital k&pitl n.首都，首府资本，资金大写字母adj.资本的，与资本有关的主要的极好的大写的可处死刑的capitalistk&pitlistn.资本主义制度的拥护者资本家adj.资本家的；拥有或控制雄厚资产的资本主义的capitalismk&pitalizamn.资本主义（制度）资本（或财富

5、）的拥有资本（私人占有和生产盈利）的支配地位capitalk&pitln.首都，首府The capital is located on the river.首都位于河畔。资本，资金大写字母In this sentence，the word BIG is in capitals.本句中BIG 一词用的是大写字母。adj.资本的，与资本有关的Broad sense 广义broadbrO:d adj.宽的，阔的；广的宽宏的，胸襟开阔的 清楚的，明显的大概的，不详细的broadcast brO:dko:stn.广播；播音Do you listen to the broadcast? 你听广播吗？广播节

6、目He gave a number of broadcasts.他进行过多次广播节目。vt. & vi.广播，播放They broadcast this hour every day.他们每天这个时间播音。vt.传播，乱传（消息等）She broadcast the gossip all over the town. 她将这个流言传遍全镇。breadth bredOn.宽度。宽广的程度，范围Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job.她经验丰富，最能胜任这项工作。宽容，宽宏大量主要的极好的She is a capital sing

7、er.她是一个极好的歌手。大写的可处死刑的He was sentenced to capital punishment.他被判处死刑。扩展词汇以手工技术为基础的工厂手工业被机器大工业所代替，工业革命兴起（下略。）脑图记忆法：图片8manufacturem缶nju :fektj vt.制造It is manufactured by hand.这是手工制造的。捏造She manufactured a false story to hide the facts.她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。n.制造制造品，产品They make manufactures from their own raw mater

8、ials.他们用自己的原料制造产品。handh&ndn.手beforehandbiOfb:hndadv.预先，事先Please inform me of your arrival time beforehand.请事先通知我你抵达的时间。handfulhandfuladj.一把少数We invited 30 people, but only a handful came.我们邀请了 30人，但是只到了几个人。handicaph缶ndik缶pn.障碍（生理或智力上的）缺陷；残疾加给强对手的不利条件He has a handicap of 200 metres.他在赛跑中让了二百米。vt.妨碍；使

9、不利We were handicapped by lack of money.我们因缺钱而吃亏。使（某人）行动和生活不正常handleh缶ndln.手柄，把手vi.易于操作This car handled easily.这辆车开起来很灵活。vt.处理，应付，对待He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters 他不让秘书处理机密文件。拿，触，摸Wash your hands before you handle my books，please.在拿我的书之前，请你先洗手。handkerchiefh缶门k tjifn.

10、手帕；纸巾handsomeh缶ns madj.（男子）英俊的He looked tall，handsome and healthy.他看上去高大、英俊、健壮。（女子）清秀的，端庄健美的数量多的He gave a handsome sum of money to charity.他向慈善团体捐了一笔相当可观的钱款。handouth缶ndautn.救济品；施舍物She came to me asking for a handout.她来找我，请求我施舍。印刷品，讲义Please read the handout carefully.请仔细读这份讲义。handshakeh缶ndUjeikn.握手ha

11、ndwritinghndraitign.书法，字迹The boys handwriting is difficult to read.这男孩写的字难认。handyh缶ndiadj.方便的A good toolbox is a handy thing to have in any house. 任何一个家庭都应备有一个好的工具箱以便随时使用。手边的；附近的Our flat is very handy for the school.我们的住所离学校很近，非常方便。手巧的She is a handy girl who can turn her hand to anything.她是个心灵手巧的姑娘。

12、underhandAnd h&ndadj.暗中或秘密进行的；诡诈的manualm缶nju ladj.用手的，手工的The school offers manual training to the pupils.该校为学生开设手工课。n.手册，指南He bought a manual of car repairs.他买了一本汽车维修手册。manipulatem 口 nipjuleit vt.熟练控制操作Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools.原始人很快就学会了使用工具。mannerm缶n n.方式，方法态度礼貌，规矩（人或物的）

13、种类apprehendOpriOhendvt.逮捕，拘押The police apprehended the criminal.警察逮捕了罪犯。理解She apprehended the complicated law very quickly.她很快理解了复杂的法律。apprehensionO缶priOhenJ nn.忧虑，担心逮捕理解comprehendOkOmpriOhendvt.理解，领会I did not comprehend his meaning.我不理解他的意思。包括comprehensionOkOmpriOhenJ nn.理解，理解力The teacher set the c

14、lass a comprehension test.老师对全班同学进行了一次理解力测验。commendkO mendvt.表扬；称赞The teacher often commends good students.老师常常表扬好学生。托付；委托The dying man commended his soul to God.那个将死的人把自己的灵魂托付给上帝。recommendOrekO mend vt.推荐，介绍，赞许某人某事物Can you recommend a classmate who can take up the job?你能不能推荐一位能承担这项工作的同学？劝告，建议I reco

15、mmend caution in dealing with this matter.我建议慎重处理此事。（特质等）使显得可取This plan has much to recommend it.这项计划有很多可取之处。recommendationOrek menOdeiJ n n.推荐，劝告，建议（尤做法）The government has agreed to implement the recommendation in the report.政府已同意实施报告中的建议。推荐信，介绍信I wrote him a good recommendation.我为他写了一封很好的推荐信。machi

16、nerymO Ji:n ri n.（总称）机器A factory contains much machinery.一家工厂可容纳很多机器。体系，机构We need to discuss ways of improving the machinery of government. 我们需要商讨改进政府机构的办法。machine mO Ji:n n.机器，机械装置The machine has been idled away for several minutes to get it warm. 机器空转了几分钟以预热。机动车辆；飞机He thundered down the street on

17、his new machine.他驾驶着新车在大街上呼啸而去。vt.用机器制造，用机器加工He machined the clothes.他用机器制造衣服。mechanicmiOknik n.技工，机修工The mechanic repaired my car.这个机修工给我修汽车。mechanicalmiOknik l adj.机械的， 力学的He borrowed a mechanical book from me.他从我这儿借了一本力学方面的书。机械似的；呆板的He looks very mechanical.他看上去非常呆板。mechanicsmiOkniks n.力学；机械学This

18、 is a course in mechanics.这是一门力学课程。机件；过程；方法The mechanics of the machine are very old.这台机器的机件非常老。mechanismOmek niz m n.机械装置He explained how the two mechanisms worked.他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。构造，机制The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。办法，技巧，途径There are no mechanisms for changing the d

19、ecision.这个决定是无法改变的。industrialinOdAstri l adj.工业的，产业的Manchester is an industrial city.曼彻斯特是个工业城市。用于工业的The alcohol is industrial.这些酒精是供工业用的。industryind stri n.工业，制造业The countrys industry is assuming a new aspect.该国的工业正在呈现新的面貌。工业界Does industry agree with the government?工业界的意见与政府的一致吗？某一工业The sea fisheri

20、es are an important industry in Norway.海洋捕鱼业是挪威一项重要的产业。勤劳，勤奋The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold.这些小蚂蚁辛勤劳动的样子看上去真令人惊叹。industriousindAstri s adj.勤劳的，勤奋的We Chinese people are brave and industrious.我们中国人是勇敢勤劳的。industrialiseindAstri laiz vt. & vi.（使）工业化The country has been steadily i

21、ndustrialising.该国正在稳步地实现工业化。industrializationindAstri lai Wei Jn n.工业化，产业化revolutionrev口 lu:J n n.革命The Russian Revolution occurred on November 7, 1917.俄国十月革命发生于1917年11月7日。彻底改变，重大变革That country must have an industrial revolution.那个国家必须进行工业革命。旋转；运行，公转The earth makes one revolution around the sun in a

22、bout 365 days.地球约在365天内绕太阳公转一次。revolutionaryrev lu:J n ri adj.革命的He suffered for his revolutionary principles.他为了自己的革命原则而蒙受苦难。革命性的，创新的This is a revolutionary new way of growing rice.这是一种全新的种稻方法。n.革命者，革新者The revolutionaries are attacking the palace.革命分子在攻打王宫。revoltriv ult vt. & vi.（使）厌恶The violence i

23、n the movie revolted me.电影里的暴力行为使我反感。vi.反叛；背叛His whole nature revolted against deceit.他生来就对欺骗行为反感。n.造反，起义The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt.总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。crisiskraisis n.危机，危急关头When a crisis comes they have gone.当危机来临时，他们已经走了。决定性时刻，关键阶段Keep a cool head during the crisis.在危急关头要保持

24、清醒的头脑。criticalkritik ladj.决定性的，关键性的，危急的We are at a critical time in history.我们正处在历史的危急时刻。批评的，批判的We must inherit in a critical way.我们要以批判的方式继承。criticallykritik li adv.批评地，用钻研眼光地，精密地,危急地burnb :nvt.， vi. & link v.（使）燃烧The stove is burning brightly.炉火正旺。vt. & vi.使用某物为燃料烧毁，烧坏，烧伤The house burnt years ago.

25、这栋房子多年前被烧毁。n.烧伤，烧痕He died of the burns he received in the fire.他因在火灾中受烧伤而死。burner b :n n.炉子sunburnsAnb :n n.晒伤；晒太阳过量而引起皮肤灼痛She applied calamine lotion to her sunburn.他在晒斑上涂了一些炉甘石搽液。strikestraikvt. & vi.打，击Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。敲响；报时I didnt hear the clock strike.我没有听到报时钟声。vt.攻击，袭击；侵袭A hur

26、ricane struck the city.飓风袭击了该城市。突然发现（矿藏等）He was a politically conscious fighter for communism.在政治上，他是个自觉的共产主义战士（突然）出现于（某人的）脑海中As I watched them, an idea struck me.我看着他们时，产生了一个想法。给以（深刻）印象His enthusiasm for study struck his teacher favourably.他勤奋学习的热情给老师留下了良好的印象。vi.罢工The dockers are striking.码头工人正在罢工。

27、n.罢工课，市A strike has shut down several car factories.罢工使好几家汽车厂停工。袭击，攻击They made an air strike on the enemys position.他们对敌军阵地进行空袭。突然发现；走运There was a gold strike here many years ago.许多年以前，这里突然发现了金矿。leagueli:gn.联盟，同盟Leagues are commonly made for mutual defence.结成联盟往往是为了共同防御。（运动）俱乐部的联合会等级，范畴colleaguekoli

28、:g n.同事，同僚He is a colleague of mine.他是我的同事。international Int n&J n l adj.国际的，国际间进行的International trade helps all nations.strikingstraikigadj.显著的，突出的There is a striking difference between Jane and Mary.简和玛丽之间有显著的差异。引人注目的；容貌出众的She is a very striking young woman.她是一位非常引人注目的年轻女子。国际贸易有助于所有的国家。internation

29、alismint （:）S时 n liz m n.国际主义,国际性internationalist Int n&J n listn.strokestr ukn.一击He broke the lock with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把锁砸坏了。一画，一笔He was putting the finishing stroke to the portrait.他给这幅画作最后的修饰。（游泳或划船的）划，划法；游法Can you do back stroke?你会仰泳吗？钟的敲声She arrived on the stroke of six.她六时整到达。中风S

30、he had a stroke and was unable to walk again.她中风后再也不能走路了。轻抚She gave the cat a stroke.她抚摸了一下猫。vt.轻抚，抚摸The girl stroked the cat.这个姑娘抚摸着小猫。国际主义者nationneij n n.国家Some nations built their hopes for peace on the talks between big nations.有些国家把和平的希望建立在大国之间的谈判上。民族The British nation has not risen up in a gen

31、eration.英国民族并非在一代时期崛起。nationaln缶J n l adj.国家的，民族的，全国性的，国民的These matters are vital to the national security.这些事情对国家安全至关重要。国有的，国立的He graduated from a national university.他毕业于一所国立大学。n.某国国民Foreign nationals were asked to leave the country.外国侨民被要求离开该国。communistkomjunistn.共产主义者They are communists.他们是共产主义者

32、。adj.共产主义的，信仰共产主义的nationality。缶丁口 n&litin.国籍She lives in France but has British nationality.她住在法国但拥有英国国籍。民族群体A lot of national parks lie in the areas inhabited by minority nationality munism komjuniz m n.共产主义许多国家公园都位于少数民族聚居的地方。kernelk :nln.谷粒；仁，核要点，中心，核心The kernel of his problem is lack of money.他的问

33、题的核心是缺钱。coreko：n.果核An apple core is the part of an apple left after the flesh has been eaten.苹果核是在苹果肉吃完后剩下的部分。核心，精髓，要点The core of our appeal is freedom of speech.我们呼吁的中心是要言论自由。cordialkO:djaladj.热诚的，热情友好的The hostess is very cordial.女主人非常热情。economicsnoun pluraloften treated as sing.the branch of knowl

34、edge concerned with the production，consumption，andtransfer of wealth经济学the condition of a region or group as regards material prosperity.经济情况he is responsible for the islands modest economics.他对该岛不繁荣的经济状况负有责任。economici:kanDmlk，Ek-adjectiveof or relating to economics or the economy（与）经济学（有关）的；（与）经济（有

35、关）的，经济上的the governments economic policy.政府的经济政策。pest species of great economic importance.具有严重经济影响的害虫种类。justified in terms of profitability.有利可图的，有收益的，有赢利的many organizations must become larger if they are to remain economic.许多机构要想保持赢利就必须扩大。requiring fewer resources or costing less money.节约的，省俭的solar

36、 power may provide a more economic solution.利用太阳能可能是一个更节约的办法。（of a subject） considered in relation to trade，industry，and the creation of wealth.（学科）与经济相关的economic history.经济史。economicaladjectivegiving good value or service in relation to the amount of money，time，oreffort spent经济的，合算的a small，economic

37、al car.一辆经济实用的小型轿车。（of a person or lifestyle） careful not to waste money or resources.（人，生活方式）节俭的，节省的using no more of something than is necessary.不浪费的；简练的，简洁的the cast are economical with their actions.演员们的动作干净利落。economicallyi:kanOmikali adv.经济地，经济学地economizeverbno obj.spend less; reduce ones expense

38、s节省，节俭I have to economize where I can.能节省的地方我都得节省。people on low incomes may try to economize on fuel.低收入的人可能会试图节约燃料。Utopianjultoupjonadj.理想而不实际的，乌托邦的plusplAsprep.（表示包容）外加；另有Work out the full weekly rent，plus your rates.算出一周的房租外加房地产税。（表示运算）加，加上Whats seventeen plus nine?17加9等于多少？（表示数目）在零（度）以上，正If the

39、input voltage is plus three，it comes out as minus six.如果输入的电压是+3伏，那么输出的电压便是-6伏。n.加号，正号He seems to have mistaken a minus for a plus.他似乎把负号误作正号了。adj.正的Three is a plus quantity.三是一个正数。比所示数量多的All the children here are 12 plus.这里的孩子都是12岁以上的。附加的，称心的，有利的Her previous experience in social work is a plus fact

40、or.她先前在社会工作方面的经验是一个有利因素。surplusso:plosadj.过剩的，多余的The manufacturers in some countries dumped their surplus commodities abroad.一些国家的制造商向国外倾销过剩产品。n.过剩The United States tried to dispose of its grain surpluses.美国努力把过剩粮食处理掉。pluralpluoroln.复数，复数形式“Boy is singular, and boys” is plural.boy是单数,boys是复数。adj.复数的

41、Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。不止一个A plural marriage is forbidden by many countries.一夫多妻，一妻多夫制被许多国家禁止。imperialismimDpi ri liz mn.帝国主义，帝国主义政策Dsai nDtiHkadj.科学的His whole life is dedicated to scientific research.他毕生致力于科学研究。imperialist imDpi ri list n.帝国主义者scienceDsai ns n.科学，科学研究imperial

42、imDpi ri ladj.帝国的，帝王的英制的(度量衡)The imperial gallon is not the same size as the US one.英制的加仑与美制的容量不同。This discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science. 这个发现在科学界得到很高的评价。学科Im beyond my depth when it comes to natural sciences.谈到自然学科我就茫然。scientistDsai ntistempire Dempai n.帝国n.科学家He approached t

43、he question as a scientist.他以一个科学家的眼光去处理这个问题。帝权，绝对支配权大企业组织conscienceDkOnJ nsemperor Demp r n.皇帝，君主 empress Dempris n.女皇皇后n.良心I had a guilty conscience about not telling her the truth.我因为没有告诉她事实真相而感到内疚。conscientiousDkOnJiDenJ sadj.认真的，勤奋的He is a conscientious student.monopoly mD nOp li n.垄断，专卖His mon

44、opoly of shipbuilding in that country has been established.他对那个国家造船业的垄断已经建立起来。垄断权，专利权In many countries tobacco is a government monopoly.在许多国家，烟草由政府专营。他是个勤奋的学生。characterDk缶rikt n.品质，特性，特色特征，好的品质人物，角色（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字characteristicmonopolisemD nOp laizvt.垄断，独占；专卖，专营An electric power company monopolises the power supply in this area.adjectivetypical of a pa