考前添分指导广东高考英语阅读理解指导Ⅰ精讲精析

1、阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式The passage is mainly about . Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?What s the main theme of the passage?What s mainly discussed in the p

2、assage?二、干扰项特点.断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。.以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。.主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。.张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1.正三角形写作法主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大部分说明文也是如此。例1:2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇A MENTORIN（GW制）

3、program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the program; s founder, said: Weset up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young pe

4、ople experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their o utlook.”What would be the best title for the passage?Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsYoung People Find a World of OpportunityKieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisDebates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：Bo 本文的第一句A

5、 MENTORINfGI师制）program is giving life changingopportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。例2:2013年重庆卷阅读理解 C篇Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly whenthe first wheel was invented or what it was used for. Wedo know, however, that t

6、hey existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.What is the passage mainly about?The beginning of road design.The development of transport wheels.The history of public transport.The invention of fast-moving vehicles.解析：Bo本文开门见山地提到 wheel,点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的内容可知，全文 讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。2.倒三角形写作法主题句出现

7、在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。例：2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow upin the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don t come into play because they do. Som

8、e people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that s just the reality of howlife is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually makeit more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, on

9、e needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become greatat certain things, it ll require even more time, time that most peoplewon t putin.Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long

10、period of time. If you renot willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards.Consistent, hard work won t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.What is the main theme

11、 of the passage?Having a goal is vital to success.Being good is different from being great.One cannot succeed without time and practice.Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.解析：Co由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need towork day i

12、n and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time 可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。3.菱形写作法比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释 型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type 2)。常用于 Type 1 的表达： why, result in, bring about, lead to, give r

13、ise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, so -that, so that 等。常用于 Type 2 的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。例1:2013年天津卷阅读理解C篇Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by thedetours （绕行路）in life than b

14、y the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. Someroad trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me

15、 realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey - and the best part of yourself.What could be the best title for the passage?Charm of the DetourThe Road to BraveryCreativity out of NecessityRoad Trip and Country Life解析：A本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和

16、孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour ,文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。例2：2013年广东卷阅读理解D篇While Jennifer was at hometaking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor （监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move. In the battle against cheating, th

17、is is the cutting edge and a key to encouragehonesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that theirexam

18、s and diplomas are valid that students haven t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern overcheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open onlinecourses. Private colleges, public universities an

19、d corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?The Advantages of Online ExamsThe High-tech Methods in Onl

20、ine CoursesThe Fight against Cheating in Online EducationThe War against the Booming of Online Education解析：Co本文先通过一个具体的事例引出要讨论的话题，文中的 In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the boomingfield of online education 和 the concern over cheating has become

21、 sharper in the lastyear with the growth of【跟踪训练】“open online courses.等句点明了本文的主旨内容。t listen because they alreadyIDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They donknow it all. I was lucky: I becamea pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn t realize then, but bec

22、oming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned aboutcrew resource management （机组资源管理 ）,or CRM, a new idea to makeflying safer.It meansthat crew membersshould listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.I fir

23、st read about CRMIn 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put thelanding gear （起落架

24、）down. He was a betterpilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to pu t the landing geardown now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I ve used itin the operating room ever since. CRMe

25、quires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposi te, the doctor doesn t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I m in the operatingroom, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes t

26、hey re not willingto speakup. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from a landing gear up .? Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor C. The Making of a Good Pilot D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor nListening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listeningwell is the rule known as bracketing . Bracketing includes thetemporary giving up