研究生英语多维教程课后答案

1、2. indulgence研究生英语系 列教程多 维教程熟谙英语课后答案Book IIUnit 1A.assessallianceoutcomeethicalidentityambiguoustolerableparticipatespursuitconstructiveB.at stakewere obligedthe climate offeel well-equippedbeyond my graspcut backother thanrise abovecare aboutis boundedC.1. incompetent9. transfer10. risemigrantsprob

2、escomplexsuspense; engagedcompassionate; committedtoleranttemptedinterconnectedD.A. Judging fromB. in whichC. andD. believeA. is one of/ is that ofB. must getC. likelyD. unemployedC. as well as/ andB. simplerE.whatgraduationintendgettingeventuallysurveyalthoughgraduatesattendinginsteadcausebecauseat

3、tendingbelowfailureexpectationsconfidenceeducationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:德 . 汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。 | 没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。 | 所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。|德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。 ”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？ |美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取

4、得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。 | 我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。|这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。Key to the translation from Chinese to English:Todaysuniversity students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings

5、about their future.A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the ideali sm of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal thems elves in our performance in the workplace and further

6、education.It cannot go unchallengedto say that the 4-year undergraduate experiencei8-G9-Ds the only path to success in life.We run the risk of making critical decisions,not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the b asis of blind faith in

7、professed experts.Our task needs a large group of well-informed, caring young people who can band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four mod ernizations.If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only acquir e a sold basic education and become comp

8、etent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themsel ves to examinations, the will push competence and commitment to the fringes.I didnt even speak to him; much less discuss the reconstruction of your

9、sc hool with him.Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinat ions have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential ques tion - what influence do examinations exert on education?Reading Practice:C 2.A 3.A 4.D. 5.BUnit 21-H2-I3-A4-E5-K6-N7-L10-C1. per

10、ceptionresponsibilityorganizationalmarketingstrategiesassetstransitionsdilemmaRivalrycompensationwhizinvaluableC. 1. Justify, justification, justifiable, justifiably, justifiedstrategic, strategy, Strategics/Strategy, strategists, strategized, strateg icallyfinance, financial, financier, finance, Fi

11、nanciallyresentful, resents, resentment, resentfullyperceive, perception, perceptible, perceptive, perceptiblydiverse, diversify, diversity, diversification,diversifieddestroyed, destructive, destruction, destructionist, destroyers, destroying , destructiblemarkets, marketable, markets, marketing, m

12、arketerprosperity, prospering, prosperous, prosperouslyderived, derive, derivative, derivatives D.A. it even harderA. thatC. not taking enough exerciseC. to have gone back onB. functioningD. onA. object to seeingB. to go with itA. to expandingA. anxiously awaitingE.manufacturersnaturaltreatmentexper

13、iencedapproachedrelativelyglobalchairedsustainablevisionextendedimprovingaccomplisharrayinvolvementactivityrewardedproposalsdomesticcompetitorsKey to the Translation from English to Chinese:A业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。 | 要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。 | 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来

14、明确规定该企业怎样运作。 | | 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后 ,?对它们进行比较 。 | 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。B没有忠心耿耿雇员 ,很少企业能够发展壮大， | 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。 | 因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。 | 改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理 ,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作Key to the Translation form

15、Chinese to English:He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mentio n an excellent managing director.Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace hav e gone to Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to form a body shield for the purpos e of preventing the

16、 US from bombing the place.Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma o f whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful

17、investment ofhis capital.John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled at sports.Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range pros perity of a family business.You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for invest

18、ment.Althoughsculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people following it as a profession.The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individu al proprietorship to a joint venture.Q1 1) Plan a succession management. 2) Define family employment practices 3) E stab

19、lish and maintain family harmony 4) Plan the estate.Q2 1) Seating an outside board of directors. 2) Developing a family business v ision document. 3) Holding family council meetings.Unit 3Suggested Key to Vocabularyand StructureA. 1 -d 2 - f 3 - j 4 - a 5 - i6 - h 7 - g 8 - e 9 - c 10- bmobility 2.

20、toll 3. accommodate 4. landscape 5. sprawled 6. implement 7. le gitimate 8. transit 9. electrified 10. pickupB.1. Integral 2. better off 3. sprawling 4. emissions 5. metropolitan 6. ban 7commuters 8. clutter 9. accommodate 10. displacedC.1.from coast to coast2.the great unwashed 3.revere4.denounce5.

21、toreup6. Short of 7. are notedfor8. constriction 9. was guiltyof 10. well offD.1.C. overcrowded 2.B. worthy 3. A. sitting 4. D. recovered 5. D.innonsmokersand nondrinkers 6.D.poured 7. B. unaware of 8.C. recent 9.C.outofthe question 10. B. understandsE.1. move 2. drive 3. down 4. wheels 5. out 6. wi

22、thout 7. majority 8. imagine9.realize 10. plagued 11. burns 12. that 13.to 14. what 15. But 16.done 17. altogether 18.on 19. electricity 20. practicalA. 在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。 一书认为， “吉普 ”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP ( for General Purpose )即多功能车之意。

23、而后， GP 这两个字母的读音被误发成为 “吉普 ” ，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。1988 年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的 4 轮牵引装置(商业上称为 4 轮驱动)，过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon d

24、 isplaced horses.We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend mo re on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill p eople.While wheels (automobiles)have brought with them better or more convenienttransportation, they are guilty of many sins, su

25、ch as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would rad ically reduce the emissions from automobiles.A highly developed highway network has made possib

26、le the easy movement from coast to coast in the United States.The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay dra in-pipes not long ago.Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they a

27、re a major fa ctor in the production of dirty air.Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive us e of the public transport sy

28、stem, which can cut down on traffic congestion.Unit 4Key to the stylistic comprehension of the text:Part One is from paragraph _3_ to paragraph _6_.o is from paragraph_7_ to paragraph _14_.ree is from paragraph _15_ to paragraph_17_.The five reasons for deciding to remain childless brought forward b

29、y the o utspoken couple William Peck and Ellen Peck areThey attach more importance to freedom,. Spontaneity, privacy and leisure.They want to give their efforts to the community.7. employed1. cared forb. coercedb. preoccupiedb. reluctanceb. adolescenceb. implicitb. adolescenceb. maintainabilitypriva

30、teb. enthusiastsb. tolerableb. statisticallyb. rationalityThey fear that the younger generation will suffer from overpopulation as th ey do now.Theyareafraid of divorceand childabuse.Theyarenot sure whetherthey canbecomegood parents.According to a professor of child psychiatry, the three reasons why

31、 many yo ung people are not so interested in family life as their parents are:Parenthood life requires them to give up many things.There are many other opportunities for women to find meaning in their livesThey are concerned about their future and the future of their children.Vocabulary and Structur

32、eA.a. coercivea. preoccupationa. reluctanta. adolescenta. implicationa. ambivalenta. maintenancea. privacy b.a. enthusiasma . tolerancea. statisticiansa. rationalB.in terms oflies behindrings a bellpassed on towent againstlining upchiming inam open tobrought upC.have evidenced has evidencedthat prev

33、ailed that had prevailedassociating associatedraise raisingon toon toreluctance willingnesshave havingare the center are not the centerThis reflects This is reflectedD.AdolescentsinvolvedfactThereforecommonorfewernegativecontributeStudiesPeopleTendDropGrownKey to the TranslationA一些观察家提出，我们正在看到的这种现象根

34、本就不是什么重大变化，或许它和性革命一样，不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。 | 一位住在康涅狄格州的精神分析学家说，“也许，一直就有那么一群与众不同的人存着。只不过他们现在从隐蔽外走了出来，公开表明了他们的观点，就像同性恋者那样。|我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。B在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一文化的重要因素。如今，百分之八十的妇女完成了四年制的高中

35、学习。而在 1940 年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占百分之三十。这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从 1960 年的 28% 上升到 20 世纪 70 年代的 40% 。人们推迟了生儿育女的时间，只有不到 10% 的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。除此之外，越来越多的妇女不想要孩子。工作、晚婚、不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。Some professional observers believe that young people today are no lo nger interested in politics and causes, but rather

36、, have become increasingly p reoccupied with issues closer to themselves.The higher a woman s educational attainment, the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community.As far as I am concerned, what really lies behind the decision o

37、f som e married couples not to start a family is that they are so narcissistic and h ave no margin of love to spare others.The company put on the market a registered invention even without ask ing the inventor psermission, which goes against the patent law.Urged bysome other countries, the United Na

38、tions haspressuredthecountry to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.Accordingto the rule that every member should remainchildless,Mr.And Ms white have no alternative but to withdraw from the Non-Parent Associati on, for they will attain parenthood soon.He expects to reveal, by presenting a

39、soap opera, the complexity implicit in real life.In virtually every country, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and child abuseloon as most challenging social problems.When interviewed, these elderly people rationalized why they were amb ivalent about today syoung people.Many college students are far more co

40、ncerned with how to get a highly-pa id job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive s ociety.19. burden20. confined2. D. haveUnit 5A.ABCDBADBDBCB.set him upfit inis thankful forhold downbuilt upgone throughweigh heavily onworking outbroken awaylet my parents downC.1. C.

41、will rely onC. for whichB. whichA. coupledA. a much greater varietyB. find it difficultA. AcquiringC. himselfC. endangeredD.deadbroughtlikeexpensivecostworsebirthspayingagedfiguresharemajorityproducerspoordecentservicesexpandingsameKey to the Translation from English into Chinese在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家, 老年化和贫

42、困将引起许多新问题 , 而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生, 但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。| 在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出 , 为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动, 以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施加有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。| 但随着其数量增多,这种状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结政治力量。| 到 2030 年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一这部份老年选民 特别老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。Key to the Translation from Chinese into Engli

43、sh1.Generally, people have become more compassionate and quite a few families ha ve taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.It is a demandingtask for a workingwoman to look after her parents and herchildren while holding down a job.At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign

44、 country but th ings there worked out much better for them.Todays middle-aged people have fewer children than their parents did and t he aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.It is hoped that the current reform in education will better set students upto meet the challenges fro

45、m society. The government intends to transfer some of the health-care burden to the in dividual family but family members are not always available for the task becau4-fse they cannot break away from their jobs to look after the sick elderly.There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home,

46、 and we have to t ry every possible means to free them up.With the large elderly population in this country, financing of health careand pensions could care the devil out of the government.The young couple has to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old belov ed father down.What they had gone

47、through in looking after their sick old father made them more compassionate, and they made a donation to the nursing home Unit 6A.complexitywildsurplusindifferentlyearthlyacknowledgeobviously/apparentlydiminishartificialdestructiveB.1-g2-j3-a5-b 6-h7-I8-c9-d10-eprimevalwhatsoeverbeneficentultimately

48、pointedlyintricateencroachingindispensablelegitimatefertilityC.In shortattributed tois up againstwere under the spell ofat the expense ofregardless ofAllowing forwas involved inacting onvice versaD.C. increasesB. that of the general populationB. largely self-containedA. in charge ofD. confusedC. saf

49、ety provisionsB. thatB. by whichC. putD. much ofE.survivalperceivepublicoccupylotshandrestoredfertilityreneweddwellingswildernesstransitionsagricultureevenbeyondKey to the translation from English to Chinese:A:最伟大的女神”。她似乎| 她管辖着所有的正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样，大自然是担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。生物之间的往来，并不分

50、厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就象兄弟姐妹。 | 因而，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。 | 然而，斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位 “公正的 ”法官。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。B. 如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的，那么，它又是什么样的一种关系呢？ | 对我们来讲，这个变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改

51、造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。| 假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。 | 但是，如果我们还随心所欲，想做什么就做什么，那么，我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。 | 我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物。Key to the translation from Chinese to English:Most conservationistsbel

52、ieve that humans thrive best in ecological healthand that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animal s.Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, d iminish ourselves if we diminish nature.3. Many cities in Western countrieshave switched to a

53、new gasoline formula that reduces the pollutioncontent. This is also true of some cities in China.As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is5. incidentallynot only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creaturesA government study con

54、cludes that besides overcrowdingand poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution.Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgmen t/ understanding.Dont you agree with the statement that health without wealth is preferable to we

55、alth without health?Even those defenders of industrial economy have to acknowledge openly that any conflict between humans and nature often occurs at the expense of both.If your friend kindly points out a fault you have, take what is said not me rely pleasantly, but thankfully.One of the differences

56、 between humans and wild animals is that (or lies in that) the former can make a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the chang e they make to nature.Unit 7A.distinctionsheercommensuraterefraining17. honorably10. intimacyalleviatedeemedis to blame forimpulsecome acrossB.give awaygoing atimbued wi

57、thidentify withhas risen aboveown upallow fortreat toDog-eat-dogthe counterC.choice; choose; chosen;inextricableshorndefinitionincreasinglysocialParticipatoryacquisitiveweighingD.D. to pay themA. Much asD. endearing himselfC. number ofD. ignoredD. differentlyA. respondC. no moreB. thatC. /E.holdsthe

58、reforeDoesreallyemptyofsuccessnornotexistslikelyinhistoricalupbringingconditionchoicelessnesstrivialhowoursTranslationA. 毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣誉、财富、爱情、非凡、成就、欢乐与善良美德。当然，伴随我们的抱负与希望，我们的生活将会是怎样，这些总是无法意料的。有些想法的出发点是丝毫不为自己，但结果却是结下深仇；而有些计划原意是为了自己，但到头来却是为他人做了善事。计划、设想的结果虽然难以预测，但仍无理由阻止计划与设想的进行。不难设想，没有抱负与雄心的社会将会是怎样的。它很

59、可能是一个比较随和的社会：没有要求，没有矛盾，也没有失望。人们有时间深思。他们所做的工作不是为了自己，而是为了集体、从来没有竞争，冲突将被消灭，紧张已成为过去，不再需要创造力。艺术不再是高深莫测的，它的作用纯粹是为了欢庆与颂扬。家庭作为一个社会的单元将成为多余的，它以前的束缚力已消失。长寿会增加，因为死于紧张、辛劳的工作所引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少、思虑将不复存在。人类长期地摆脱抱负和欲望的压力，日子会过得越来 越舒坦。B.In spite of her recent election success, she remains first and foremost a w riter,

60、not a politician.Ambition is always identified with rank, fame and power. Therefore many peo ple have been unwilling to talk about their dreams for a long time.Surely, if you want to be famous,it is necessary for you to have ideals, because it is behind the accomplishment, but different from ambitio