新译林牛津版高中英语（选修八）(全册知识点语法考点梳理、重点题型分类巩固练习)(家教、补习、复习用)

1、精品文档 精心整理精品文档 精心整理译林牛津版高中英语（选修八）重难点突破全册知识点梳理及重点题型举一反三巩固练习Unit 1 The written word语言点 学习目标重点词汇characteristic, abuse/ harm, desperate, plot/ generous, vain, resist,rescue, intend, spring重点短语have nothing to do with, come out , make the acquaintance of, be set in, give away,(be) bent on (doing) sth. on t

2、he run, live up to, free from, under the control ofworn out, touch on重点句型双重否定表示肯定知识讲解重点词汇characteristic【原句回放】Because a lot of classics were written so long ago, their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works. 因为许多经典文学作品是在很久以前创作的，它们的语言文字与现代文学作品的语言文字有着很大区别。【点拨】characteri

3、stic n. 特征，特性；adj. 典型的；独特的，特有的Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.基因决定每个生物的特征。The people in the city have to live with the characteristic noises of cities.城市里的人们不得不忍受都市特有的喧嚣。【拓展】character n. 字；个性，性格；特色；(事物的)特性 characterize vt. 以为特征；描绘Using two Chinese characters, he described t

4、he character of the leading character that he played in the film. 他用了两个汉字来描述他在电影中扮演的主角的性格。abuse / harm【原句回放】Pips sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip. 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。【点拨1】abuse vt. 虐待，辱骂；滥用Some nursin

5、g home patients were neglected or abused.一些护理中心的病人被人忽视或遭到虐待。She abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends.她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.他因被控贪污腐败和滥用职权而遭逮捕。【点拨2】harm n. 伤害，损害，危害；邪恶，恶行 v. 伤害，损害，危害常用搭配：do harm to . 对有害 mean no har

6、m 没有恶意A little wine wont do you any harm.一点葡萄酒对你没坏处。I know he meant no harm, but it was a very personal question.我知道他没有恶意，但这是个涉及个人隐私的问题。He would never harm anyone.他永远不会伤害任何人。desperate【原句回放】Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and

7、 frightens him. 故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。【点拨】desperate adj. 铤而走险的；拼命的；绝望的；非常需要；渴望常用搭配：be desperate for 渴望，迫切需要be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事When they were in desperate need, he went to their aid.当他们陷于极度穷困时，他援助了他们。Having suffered from the war for too long, Syrians are desperate

8、for peace.长期遭受战争之苦，叙利亚人渴望和平。He was desperate to win a gold medal at the Olympics Games, but failed.他很渴望在奥运会上赢得一枚金牌，但未能如愿。【拓展】desperation n. 绝望 desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地In desperation, he opened the third envelope.绝望之中，他打开了第三个信封。plot / generous【原句回放】There is a twist in the plot when a very generous st

9、ranger gives Pip a large fortune. 当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔财产时，故事的情节发生了曲折变化。【点拨1】plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋 v密谋；绘制(图表)常用搭配：plot against 密谋反对 plot to do sth. 密谋做某事It is widely acknowledged that the play has a very complicated plot.大家普遍认为这出戏的情节相当复杂。We didnt know that the criminals were plotting to rob the bank.我们不知道

10、犯罪分子正密谋抢劫银行。The rebels are trying to plot against the government secretly.反叛者企图秘密策划推翻政府。【点拨2】generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的常用搭配：be generous with 在方面大方(不吝啬)be generous in doing sth. 乐于做某事be generous to sb. 对某人大方be generous to do sth. 慷慨地做某事It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both.他主动为我们两人付钱，

11、真是大方。Our teachers are generous with their time to explain the questions to us.我们的老师在给我们讲解题目时总是毫不吝惜他们自己的时间。He is not generous to everybody he knows with money.在金钱上，他并非对他认识的每个人都很大方。vain【原句回放】Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background. 然而，金钱和

12、教育改变了他，不久后他变得虚荣，对自己的出身感到羞愧。【点拨】vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的常用搭配：in vain 徒劳，白费力气地 a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力Men can be just as vain as women. 男人有时和女人一样虚荣。After his success, he became vain. 成功后，他变得自负起来。I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.为找到问题的解决办法，我已经尽力了，但还是白费力气。re

13、sist【原句回放】Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists. 费金和他的犯罪团伙发现了他，又把他拉回到了犯罪的生活中，向他施加压力，威胁他如果他反抗，就会对他实行暴力。【点拨】resist vt. & vi. 反抗，抵制；抵挡常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事He couldnt resist showing off his n

14、ew car.他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。Its pretty hard to resist Jacobs smile.雅各布的微笑让人难以抗拒。I put the phone back down, resisting the urge to call her.我放下电话，克制住想给她打电话的冲动。【拓展】resistance n. 抵制，抗拒 resistant adj. 有抵抗力的rescue【原句回放】My favourite character in “The Attic” is Stuart, who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy t

15、o this otherwise dark tale. 在阁楼中，我最喜欢的角色是斯图尔特，他救了她，还给这个本来灰暗的故事增加了一丝喜剧色彩。【点拨】rescue vt. 营救，援救 n. 救援；营救（行动）；抢救常用搭配：come to ones rescue 救援某人，帮助某人He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child.他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那名溺水儿童。The government has rescued the firm from bankruptcy by giving them a grant.政府拨款给这家公司使其

16、免于破产。Had the firemen not come to our rescue in time, my family would have been killed in the fire.要不是消防队员及时救援，我们一家或许早已葬身火海。【拓展】rescue和save的区别1. rescue和save均有“营救、拯救、搭救”之意。2. rescue多指营救某人脱离紧迫的危险。3. save 含义广泛，既可指营救某人使脱离危险，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。intend【原句回放】The poem was published in 1794 and，like many of Burnss p

17、oems，it was intended to be a song. 这首诗发表于1794年，如同彭斯的许多诗歌一样，这首诗原是为歌咏而作。【点拨】intend vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要常用搭配：intend to do sth. 打算做intend sb. to do 打算使某人做be intended to do 意思是使；是用来be intended for 为所用The laws were intended to protect wildlife.这些法律旨在保护野生动物。I havent been to the exhibition; neither do I inten

18、d to go.我还没有看展览会，我也不想去。I intend him to do it at once.我打算让他立刻着手做这事。This book is intended for beginners.这本书专为初学者而编。spring【原句回放】Thats newly sprung in June 在六月里含苞绽开【点拨】spring vi. 突然出现，蹦，跳；发生（过去式 sprang；过去分词 sprung）常用搭配：spring up 跳起，跃起；出现She sprang out of her chair to greet her father.她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。A bre

19、eze has sprung up.微风已开始吹拂。He sprang to his feet and rushed out of the room.他跳起身奔出了房间。【拓展】spring n. 泉，泉眼；弹簧；弹性，弹力；活力；春天重点短语have nothing to do with【原句回放】Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today. 许多人不读经典文学作品，因为他们认为经典文学作品过时了，而且枯燥

20、乏味，与现代生活没有任何关系。【点拨】be / have nothing to do with 与无关类似短语：be / have something (much/a lot/a great deal) to do with 与有(很大)关系have little to do with 与几乎没有关系I have nothing to do with my neighbour because he is a selfish man.我和我的邻居从不来往，因为他是个自私的人。Go out! Its nothing to do with you.出去！这根本就不关你的事。It is reporte

21、d that the famous hostess has something to do with the case.据报道，那个著名的女主持人和这个案子有关。The heading seemed to have little to do with the text.这个标题看上去和正文关系不大。【拓展】含nothing的短语for nothing 免费；平白无故地nothing but 只不过anything but一点也不，除外都come out【原句回放】In 1995, and award-winning film based on Jane Austens novel Emma c

22、ame out. 1995年，一部根据简奥斯丁的小说爱玛改编的获奖影片问世。【点拨】come out 出版，出现，出来，被获知That magazine comes out once a month那个杂志每月出一期。The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon傍晚时分，太阳从云层后面露了出来。The secret will finally come out这个秘密终究要被人知道的。Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring早春时节，有些花已经开放了。【拓展

23、】come的相关短语：come about 发生 come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come across 偶然碰见，想到 come down 倒塌，下降；流传下来come at 袭击 come from 出身于；来自come to. 总计；谈到，涉及 come up with 想出(计划、回答)come up 开始；发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来make the acquaintance of【原句回放】The best part of the story is when Pip makes the acquaintance of the man who gives him hi

24、s fortune. 故事最精彩的部分是皮普结识那个给他财富的人的时候。【点拨】make the acquaintance of （=make ones acquaintance）和相识，结识I made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time.大约在那段时间，我结识了几位音乐家。I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know it well.我了解一点英语，但是不精通。【拓展1】acquaintance n. 熟悉, 认识；知识（不可数名词）；熟人（可数名词

25、）常用搭配：have an acquaintance with 与相识，了解 have no acquaintance with 不熟悉，不了解Mrs. Nichols is a writer of my acquaintance.尼科尔斯女士是我结识的一位作家。【拓展2】acquaint vt. 使了解，使熟悉 acquainted adj. 熟悉的All our employees are fully acquainted with safety precautions.我们所有的雇员都非常熟悉安全预防措施。be set in【原句回放】Great Expectations is set

26、in England in the early 1800s. 远大前程以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。【点拨】be set in (on) 安置，放置；(电影、故事等)以为背景The film was set in Shanghai in the late 1950s.这部电影以20世纪50年代末的上海为背景。The campsite is set in the middle of a forest.野营点设置在森林的中心。【拓展】与set有关的短语set about (doing) sth. 开始 / 着手(做)某事 set aside 留出；拨出；不顾set back 把(钟表等)往回拨 se

27、t sb. down 使乘客下车set sth. down 放下；记下 set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起set out 出发，动身；开始，着手 set.free 释放give away【原句回放】She gives us enough information to make us interested, but not enough to give away the story. 她给了我们足够的信息让我们产生兴趣，但是没有泄露整个故事的结局。【点拨】give away 捐赠，泄露I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away

28、.我恐怕孩子们会把整件事说出去。He gave away most of his money to the charity, leaving only a small part to his children.他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了，只留了很少部分给他的子女。【拓展】相关短语give in 投降，屈服；交上，呈上 give up 放弃，戒掉give out 分发；用光，用尽 give off 发出(气味、热、光等)My strength gave out when I got to the top of Mount Tai.当我到达泰山山顶时，我筋疲力尽了。These wild flo

29、wers give off a nice smell in spring.在春天这些野花散发出一股香味。(be) bent on (doing) sth.【原句回放】Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estellas love. 皮普一心要成为一位绅士，并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。【点拨】(be) bent on (doing) sth. 一心想要，决心要(做)某事(通常指坏事)常用搭配：bend sth. on. 使某物专心致志于He bent his eyes on that picture.他注视着那张画。She seems ben

30、t on making life difficult for me.她似乎专门和我过不去。The girls are bent on going to the beach this weekend.女孩们决定这个周末去海滩游玩。【拓展】bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的（bent也是动词bend的过去式、过去分词） n. 天赋，爱好She has a natural bent for music.她有音乐天赋。on the run【原句回放】The film begins the same way as the novel doeswith Finn (Pip) meeting a

31、violent criminal on the run from the police. 这部电影的开始采用了小说一样的方式费恩遇到了一名躲避警察的凶犯【点拨】on the run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波He never stands still, hes always on the run.他从不安静地站着，总是跑来跑去的。The mother with twin babies is always on the run.这个有双胞胎婴儿的妈妈总是忙忙碌碌的。But in three years on the run, her secret has been kept.不过在三年的逃亡生活中，

32、她的秘密依然得以保存。【拓展】与run有关的短语run after 追求，追赶 run away from 从逃跑 run for 竞选run into 撞上；遇见，碰到 run out (某物)用完 run out of 用完 (某物 )in the long run 从长远看live up to【原句回放】However, if you liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.

33、 然而，如果你喜欢这本书，你大概不会太渴望看这部电影，因为它很可能达不到你的期望。【点拨】live up to 达到，符合(期望)；实践常用搭配：live up to sb.s expectation 不辜负某人的期望There is no doubt that he faithfully lived up to his promise.毫无疑问他忠实地履行了他的诺言。In some ways, we failed to live up to one anothers expectations.在某些方面，我们对彼此的期望都落了空。【拓展】与live有关的短语live a . life 过着的

34、生活 live through 经历(艰难或险境)live with 忍受(不快的事)；与住在一起 live on 继续存在下去，依靠生活It is hard for us to imagine the hard times our grandparents have lived through.我们很难想象我们的祖父母们所经历过的艰难岁月。free from【原句回放】free from【点拨】free from 没有，免于之忧常用搭配：be free from prejudice 毫无偏见be free from all anxieties 无忧无虑be free from side ef

35、fects 没有副作用It is a day free from wind.这是个无风的日子。She had the good fortune to be free from illness all her life.她真幸运，一生没有病痛。No one is free from shortcomings or exempt from making mistakes.没有缺点错误的人是不存在的。under the control of【原句回放】To flee the circumstances, Oliver runs away to London, where he falls under

36、 the control of a man called Fagin. 为了逃离这种环境，奥利弗跑到了伦敦，在那里他落到了一个叫费金的人的手中并受其控制。【点拨】under the control of 在控制下，受管理（或支配）（强调控制的状态）All schools are under the control of the Ministry of Education.所有的学校都在教育部的管理之下。Control your mind; dont be under the control of your mind.控制你的心而不要被你的心所控制。【拓展】in the control of 在

37、控制下（强调控制的动作）in control of 控制，掌握，管理beyond control 无法控制He is in control of the supermarket.这家超市是由他管理的。worn out【原句回放】“Look at you two with your stupid ball and worn-out sneakers,” Steven laughed and said. “看看你们两个，那愚蠢的足球还有破球鞋。”斯蒂文嘲笑着说道。【点拨】worn out (worn-out) adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的补充：worn out也是wear out的过去

38、分词。These cars are worn-out and must be replaced.这些车子破旧了，必须更换。She had a worn-out look. 她满脸疲倦的样子。Worn out after a long walk, Henry and Mary had a rest.步行了很长时间后筋疲力尽了，亨利和玛丽休息了一会。【拓展】wear out 用坏，穿破；（使）筋疲力尽，耗尽Climbing stairs wears me out. 爬楼梯使我筋疲力尽。touch on【原句回放】The poetry of this period often focuses on

39、concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagination and touch on strong feelings. 这一时期的诗歌经常关注像自由和美的话题，并且往往运用想象和涉及强烈的感情。【点拨】touch on 涉及；谈及How does your story touch on this case?你的故事和这一事件有什么联系？His talk did not touch on the housing problem.他的谈话没有提及住房问题。【拓展】get in touch with 与取得联系 keep in tou

40、ch with 与保持联系lose touch with 与失去联系重点句型双重否定表示肯定【原句回放】Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary life. 如果这些经典小说与现代生活没有任何关系的话，没人会花费精力将它们改编成电影。【点拨】双重否定表示肯定 英语中两个表示否定意义的词连用，称为双重否定，这种形式常表示强烈的肯定语气。1. 否定词nonot等否定意义的形容词。 No way is impossible to cou

41、rage勇士面前无险路。 Nothing is unnecessary没有什么是不必要的。2. 否定词nonotnever等without. No smoke without fire. 无火不起烟；无风不起浪。 We cannot succeed without your help没有你们的帮助，我们就不能成功。3. 否定词 nonotnevernobodyfew等具有否定意义的动词或短语。 There is no denying the truth真理是不能否认的。4. 两个否定词（如not）连用，有时它们之间加上一些隐含情感的程度副词，如so，very，too，much。 You can

42、 never be too careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要万分小心（过马路时怎么小心也不过分）。巩固练习一、单词填空根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。1We _ (营救) the boy who fell into the river.2He was charged with _(抵抗) arrest and then was put into prison.3They are going to _(改革) the educational system for there are something unreason

43、able in it.4He is very _ (慷慨的) he often buys things for other people.5The prisoners grew more _(绝望)6He was dismissed because of _(滥用) of power.7The police tried in _ (枉然)to break up the protest crowds.8The company suffered_(财政的) difficulties and could not survive any longer.9The reporter was killed

44、because he tried to expose a _ (阴谋).10He _ (弹跳) out of bed as soon as he heard the doorbell ring.二、用本课所学的短语翻译下列句子。1. 她一心想让她的父母幸福。(bent on) _.2. 他的失败与他的缺点有关。(have sth. to do with) _.3. 这场音乐会简直棒极了，完全不负众望。(live up to) _.4. 一个人的朋友再多也不算多。(双重否定) _.5. 这所学校是专门为父母在外做特殊(odd)工作的小孩而开设的。(intend) _.6. 我是在一次会议上认识他

45、的。(make ones acquaintance) _.7. 我想住在一个没有污染及噪音的地方。(free from) _.8. 这部小说以20世纪60年代的伦敦为背景。(be set in) _.三、单项选择1. Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also _ of Swedish people.Aparticular Bpeculiar Cspecific Dcharacteristic2Food and drink are good and desirable，but their _ can cause serious health and me

46、ntal problems.Aeffect Babuse Ccustom Dusage3If _，some terrible diseases would spread in the stricken areas after the terrible earthquake. So people there were in _ need of medical teams.Adont controlled；short Bnot controlling；littleCnot being controlled；anxious Dnot controlled；desperate4. I am_ beco

47、ming a successful businessman so that my parents will be proud of me.A. satisfied with B. excited about C. meant to D. bent on5. The poor are usually _ to each other. Even if they are not full, they will give their food to others.A. useful B. shallow C. careful D. generous6. Last Autumn, when I went

48、 to New York for further study, I_ the girl whos now my wife.A. made the acquaintance of B. made full use ofC. made the most of D. made effort of7. Tom was such a brave soldier during the war that he could_ the threat of violence from his enemy with others.A. resist B. deserve C. fight D. hide8. He

49、was turned away for the film that was only _ for the adults above 18.A. intendedB. permitted C. admittedD. belonged9. Had she _her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.Alooked up to Blived up to Ckept up with Dcome up with10Charles did what he could _ the servant，although he himself wa

50、s in danger.Arescue Brescued Cto rescue Drescuing11. Drinking too much can _ ones health.Aharm Bhurt Cinjure Dwound12. The speaker _ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.A. held on B. worked out C. touched on D. kept out of13. After the long walk

51、, my legs_ and I couldnt go any further.Agave out Bworn out Cgave up Dgave away14This novel_ the highly developed city, Shanghai, so once published, it will capture the hearts and minds of many ambitious youths.Awas located in Bis set in Cis located in Dwas set in15His efforts to raise money for his

52、 program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sight Cin effect Din vain16. You do not have to worry, since you _ this affair.A. have nothing to do with B. have much to do withC. have something to do with D. have anything to do with17. Is this a

53、 really difficult problem to deal with? Yes, it is a special situation we do not_ very often.A. come about B. come across C. come up D. come out18. Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance，but her trembling voice _.Agave her away Bgave her out Cgave her in Dgave her up19. He had to take the medicine

54、three times a day, so as to be _ the pain in the leg.Afar from Baway from Capart from Dfree from20. Television was not invented by any one person. _ into being overnight.A. Nor has it sprung B. Nor does it spring C. Nor did it spring D. Nor can it spring答案与解析：一、单词填空1. rescued 2. resisting 3. reform

55、4. generous 5. desperate6. abuse 7. vain 8. financial 9. plot 10. sprang二、用本课所学的短语翻译下列句子。1. She was bent on making her parents happy.2. His failure has something to do with his shortcomings.3. The concert was greatit lived up to all our expectations.4. A man cannot have too many friends.5. The schoo

56、l is intended for the children whose parents are doing odd work outside.6. I made his acquaintance at a meeting.7. I want to live in a place free from pollution and noise.8. The novel is set in London in the 1960s.三、单项选择1. D。句意：除了蓝眼睛外，金发也是瑞典人的典型特点。characteristic意思是“特点”，characteristic of表示“是的特点，是特有的”

57、。be particular about sth.“对讲究”；peculiar“特有的，奇怪的，异常的”，常与to连用；specific“具体的”。2. B。句意：食品和饮品人们都渴望得到，但是暴饮暴食会造成严重的健康问题和精神问题。abuse “滥用，虐待”；effect“效力， 影响”；custom“社会习俗， 惯例”；usage“用法，惯用法”。3. D。句意“如果没加以控制的话，大地震后的受灾地区一些严重的疾病就会蔓延开来。所以那儿的人们急需医疗队”。“可怕的疾病”是被控制的，所以第一空应用过去分词作状语；desperate“极严重的；危急的”。4. D。句意：我一心要做一个成功的商人

58、，为的是让父母以我为自豪。be bent on 一心想要，决心要。be satisfied with意为“对满足”；句中的so that引导目的状语从句，而be excited about不能表现出目的关系；be meant to意为“必须”。5. D。从第二句看出他们互相帮助，很慷慨。useful“有目的”；shallow“肤浅”；careful“细心”，这三个词都不能与 to each other 搭配，而generous表示“慷慨的”符合题意。6. A。make the acquaintance of “与相识”；make full use of “充分利用”；make the most

59、 of 一般与物搭配；make an effort to do sth. 尽力做某事；根据句意，选A。7. A。Tom很勇敢，能和其他人一起抵御（resist）来自敌人的暴力威胁。deserve“值得”，跟“the + threat”不搭配，而且与勇气无关；fight与hide与the threat都不符合。8. A。be intended for.专为打算/设计。句意：他没有被允许进入，因为这个电影是专为18岁以上的拍摄的。permit（允许）、admit（承认）、belong（属于）都不与for搭配。9. B。句意：如果她履行了她的诺言，她就成功进耶鲁大学了。live up to 达到，符

60、合(期望)；实践；look up to 尊敬，仰望；keep up with 跟上；come up with 提出，赶上。10. C。此题中could后省略了do，而不定式to rescue是目的状语。句意：尽管他自己也在危险中，Charles尽了他的一切努力救助他的仆人。11. A。句意：过度饮酒对健康有害。harm（损害）常用来指各种有害物质或状况对人体及各种生物造成的“伤害”。hurt多对肉体或情感的伤害；injure多指事故中使某人受伤；wound多指战争中使某人受刀伤或枪伤。根据句意，选A。12. C。句意：尽管演讲者在报告过程中涉及了其他几个领域的问题，但大都切合主题。touch