传统文化作文素材阅读素材

1、节日和风俗每年农历七月初七是中国的情人节（Valentines Day )。关于这个节日有一个美丽的传说：王母娘娘（the Queen of Heaven )最年幼的女儿“织女”爱上了人间的男子“牛郎”，王母反对仙女与凡人相爱，就用银河（Milky Way)将他们隔开。但牛郎和织女的爱情感动了人间的喜鹊（magpie)，每年七月初七这一天，喜鹊会搭起一座鹊桥让这对情侣相见。而如今在这一天，年轻的女子常在月下向织女祈祷，期望得到美满的姻缘。The seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is Chinese Valentine

2、s Day. There is a beautiful legend about this festival: Zhi Nu, the youngest daughter of the Queen of Heaven, fell in love with Niu Lang, a cowherd on earth. Zhi Nus mother was opposed to the love between a fairy and a human, so she separated the two lovers with the Milky Way. However, their love st

3、ory moved the magpies on earth. Those magpies gather together annually on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month to form a “magpie bridge”，so that the couple can meet each other once in a year. Today, on this day, young girls often pray to Zhi Nu in the moonlight, wishing for a happy marriage.农历

4、五月初五的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是个盛大的节日。它的另一名称“重五节”就来源于这个日期。这个节日根据一个广为流传的故事，演变为纪念战国时期(the Warring States Period)楚国伟大爱国诗人屈原的日子。如果事实果真如此，那么端午节已经有大约2500年的存史了。端午节最盛行的活动是赛龙舟和吃粽子（rice dumpling)。自2008年以来，端午节在中国巳不仅仅是一个传统节日,还是公共假期。The Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival celebrated on the 5th day of 5t

5、h month of the Chinese lunar calendar. This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth Festival. According to a widely stated story, the festival developed to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan of Chu State in Warring States Period. If that is true, Dragon Boat Festival has a hi

6、story of about 2,500 years. The most popular activities of Dragon Boat festival are racing dragon boats and eating rice dumplings. Since 2008，Dragon Boat Festival has been celebrated not only as a festival but also a public holiday in China.端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)是中国的传统节日之一，为每年农历五月初五。它与春节、清明节和中秋节并

7、称为中国汉族的四大传统节日。端午节的来源有多种说法，但最被人们接受的是为了纪念著名爱国诗人屈原。这一天的习俗有吃粽子、赛龙舟、喝雄黄酒（realgar wine)等。从2008年起，端午节正式列入国家法定节日，这既有助于弘扬传统文化，又能适应人们的需要。Dragon Boat Festival is one of Chinese traditional festivals. Its on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is known as one of the four major traditional festivals of Ha

8、n Chinese together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. A number of theories exist about its origins, but the best accepted one is that its for memorizing the famous patriotic poet Qu Yuan. On this day, people have the customs of eating zongzi(rice dumpling),

9、racing dragon boats and drinking realgar wine, etc. In 2008, it was recognized as a public holiday in mainland China for the first time which cannot only help spread this traditional culture but also meet the need of people.赛龙舟(Dragon boat racing)是端午节的一项重要活动，在中国南方尤为流行。关于这项运动的由来，有一种说法是为了纪念中国古代的著名爱国诗人

10、屈原。龙舟的大小和样式多种多样，但一般都带有装饰性的龙头和龙尾。赛龙舟不仅是一种体育和娱乐活动，它更能体现人们心中的集体主义和爱国主义精神。赛龙舟现已被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录(National Intangible Cultural Heritage List)。Dragon boat racing is an important activity of Duanwu Festival (also known as Dragon Boat Festival), and is particularly popular in the south of China. As for its or

11、igin, one version is that it is held in memory of Qu Yuan, a famous patriotic poet in ancient China. The dragon boats vary in sizes and styles, but they are generally rigged with decorative Chinese dragon heads and tails. Dragon boat racing is not only a kind of sports and recreational activities, b

12、ut also reflects the spirit of peoples collectivism and patriotism. Dragon boat racing is now among the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List.清明是我国二十四节气(the twenty-four solar terms )之一，一般是在每年的4月4日至6日前后。人们庆祝清明节大约始于东周时代，距今已有两千五百多年的历史。清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期。同时，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并

13、开展一系列消遣和体育活动。更重要的是，清明时节也是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。Qingming is one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, typically falling on April 4-6 each year. The celebration for the Qingming Festival can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, with a history of over 2,500 years. After Qingming time, the temperatur

14、e begins to rise up and rainfall increases, indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities accordingly. Meanwhile, it is the high time for spring outing, when people go out for fresh air, kinds of recreations and sports activities. More importantly, Qingmi

15、ng is also a period to honour and to pay respect to ones deceased ancestors and family members每年农历的正月十五是元宵节。早在两千多年前的西汉时期(the Western Han Dynasty),元宵节就已经成为一个具有重要意义的节日。在这天，人们制作各种漂亮的灯笼、设计有趣的灯谜；同时多种表演，如舞龙灯、舞狮子、踩高跷（walking on stilts)等也会上演。和其他中国传统节日一样，元宵节也有特定的食品，叫“汤圆（glue pudding) ”。汉语中，汤圆和“团圆”发音相似，代表着家庭团

16、圆、和谐和快乐。The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, in the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. On the Lantern Festival, Chinese people craft many types of beautiful lanterns and create many interesting l

17、antern riddles. At the same time, performances such as dragon lantern dance, lion dance and walking on stilts will be staged. Just like Chinas other traditional festivals, the Lantern Festival also has its own special dish “Tangyuan, a glue pudding”. Tangyuan has a similar pronunciation with “tuanyu

18、an (reunion)” in Chinese, representing reunion, harmony and happiness for the family.灯谜(lantern riddles )是指写在彩灯上面的谜语。灯谜一般由三部分组成，即谜面、谜目(hint)和谜底。在灯谜中凡是谜面上有的字，在谜底中不能再出现。 灯谜里充满着智慧，因此猜谜底显得很有趣，这也使得猜灯谜成为元宵节的一项不可缺少的活动。灯谜在中国源远流长，可以毫不夸张地说，灯谜体现着中国人民无穷的智慧。Lantern riddles are riddles that are written on the lan

19、terns. Generally, a lantern riddle consists of three parts, namely the riddle, the hint and the answer. Any character that appears in the riddle cannot be in the answer again. Lantern riddles are full of wisdom, thus working out them can be much fun, which makes guessing riddles an essential part of

20、 the activities in the Lantern Festival. The lantern riddle has a long history in China, and it is no exaggeration to say that it is a reflection of infinite wisdom of the Chinese people.春节是中国最重要，也是最热闹的古老节日之一。春节象征着团结、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。据记载，中国人过春节已有四千多年的历史。中同是个多民族的国家，各民族（nationality）过春节的形式各有不同。但是无论在中国的哪个地

21、方，人们都会在春节期间全家团圆，吃年糕(New Year cake)，饺子以及各种丰盛的饭菜。人们张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。In China, the Spring Festival is one of the most significant and lively ancient festivals, which symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hopes for the future. It is recorded that the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival has lasted fo

22、r more than 4,000 years. As a multi-ethnic country, different nationalities in China have various ways of celebrating the Spring Festival. However, wherever in China, people will have a family reunion during the festival, eating New Year cakes, dumplings and various hearty meals, decorating the hous

23、es with lanterns and festoons, setting off firecrackers and blessing each others.对联（Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整（antithetic in form),平仄协调（harmonious in tone )。按用途不同，对联可以分为很多种，在新年贴的对联也叫“春联”，表达了人们的美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。The Chinese co

24、uplet is also called “Duizi”. It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning. The first line is called “upper couplet”，which is put up or hung on the right side, and the other is called “lower couplet” which is placed on the left side. Not only are the two lines

25、 required to have an equal number of characters, the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone. For different purposes, there are different couplets. The couplet for the Spring Festival is called “Chunlian”，which conveys the bless

26、ing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year, too.压岁钱（lucky money )是中国春节习俗中不可缺少的一项元素，是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物。除夕夜，家中的长辈会给予未成年的孩子一定数额的钱，称之为“压岁钱”,据说压岁钱可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。在中国， 给压岁钱的风俗源远流长，流传至今。它是长辈送给孩子的护身符（amulet), 代表着长辈对孩子的美好祝福，可以保佑孩子在新的一年里健康吉利。As an indispensable elemen

27、t of the Spring Festival customs in China, lucky money is a gift that every kid eagerly looks forward to during the Spring Festival. On Chinese New Years Eve, the underage kids can receive a certain sum of cash from the elders in their family, which is called “lucky money”. It is believed that lucky

28、 money can bless the kids to have a safe and peaceful new year. The custom of giving lucky money has a long history and spreads up to now in China. It is an amulet the elders give their kids, representing the eldersfine wishes for the kids and blessing them with health and good fortune in the New Ye

29、ar.守岁Staying up late (Shousui)守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春节的到来。Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Years Eve. After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Years arrival。年夜饭New Year Feast春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国

30、南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。Spring Festival is a time for family reunion. The New Years Feast is a must banquet with all the family members getting together. The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions. In south China, It is cust

31、omary to eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) because as a homophone, niangao means higher and higher every year. In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is Jiaozi or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.春节打扫房屋这个非常古老的习俗甚至可以追溯到几千年前。灰尘在传统上与“旧”联系在一起，所以打扫房屋和扫除灰尘意味着辞“旧”迎“新”。春节

32、的前几天，中国的各家各户都打扫房屋，扫地，清洗日用品，清除蛛网和疏浚沟渠。人们兴高采烈做所有这些事情，希望来年好运。To clean houses on the New Year Even is a very old custom dating back to thousands of years ago. The dust is traditionally associated with “old” so cleaning their houses and sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “old” and usher in the

33、 “new”. Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean their houses, sweeping the floor, washing daily things, cleaning the spider webs and dredging the ditches. People do all these things happily in the hope of a good coming year.发红包(red packet)是中国春节的一种习俗。红包作为礼物，是乂母、祖父母或其他长辈给孩子的、用红色纸袋包起来的钱。红包外面通常

34、都有象征财富和运气的图案。中国人喜欢红色，认为红色代表能量、幸福和好运。过年时送红包给孩 子们，是送给他们美好的祝愿和好运。孩子们收到红包，意味着他们又可以度过 安全、平和的一年。一般来说，红包里包多少钱取决于一个人的收入。Giving red packets is a custom during the Spring Festival in China. As a gift,red packets are the money wrapped in red paper bags presented to kids by their parents, grandparents or other

35、elders. Symbols of wealth and luck usually decorate the cover of the red packets. Chinese people love the red color and regard it as representing energy, happiness and good luck. Giving red packets to kids during the Spring Festival is to send good wishes and luck to them. Kidsreceiving the red pack

36、ets implies that they will have another safe and peaceful year. Generally,the amount of money wrapped in the red packets depends on the givers income.庙会(the temple fair)是中国民间的一种社会活动，通常在节日或某些特定的 日子里，在寺庙里或寺庙附近的空旷之处举办。有的则只在春节期间举办。尽管 在不同的地方举办的庙会时间不同，但其基本内容是相似的。在庙会期间，来自 四面八方的农民和商人都带着自己的农产品来进行交易。民间艺术家搭起舞台

37、， 表演唱歌、跳舞、讲故事等。老百姓高高兴兴地来观看表演，买小吃或其他有趣 的物品。The temple fair is a social activity in the Chinese folk. It is usually held in a temple or in the open place near the temple during festivals or some specified days. Some temple feirs are only held during the Spring Festival.Although temple fairs in differe

38、nt places are held in different time, their basic contents are similar. During the time of temple fairs, farmers and traders come from all directions, with their own agricultural products for transactions. Folk artists set up the stages for performing singing, dancing, stoiy telling, etc. Ordinary p

39、eople happily come to watch performances and buy snacks or other interesting goods.“春运(Transportation during the Spring Festival Period )”被认为是规模最大的年度迁徙。这是个特殊的时期，这时的中国面临着极高的交通负荷，从而导致巨大的交通问题，特别是在铁路服务方面。在春节临近的时候，数以百万计远离家乡工作或学习的人要赶回家与家人团聚。这个长久以来的传统是春运高峰的主要原因。还有一个原因，这个假期是每年两个为期一周的长假中的一个，对许多人来说是一个外出旅行的完美时

40、机。Transportation during the Spring Festival Period is considered to be the largest annual migration.It is the special period when China faces an extremely heavy traffic load,which results in great transportation problems，especially on the railway services. Millions of people working or studying far

41、away from their hometowns will come back home to reunite with their families as the Chinese Spring Festival approaches.This long-held tradition is the main reason for the rush.The other is that the holiday is one of the two long holidays of one week in the year, and for many people,its a perfect tra

42、vel time.每年农历九月初九，人们会庆祝重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival)。易经 (The Book of Changes)认为数字“九”是阳数，故重九也叫重阳。登高是最受欢迎的重阳节传统之一。九月天空高远，空气新鲜，在这样的日子登高有助于保 持身体健康。吃重阳糕(double-ninth cake)跟登高有关。重阳糕作为节日食品最初 用来庆祝秋收，后来发展成登高、吃重阳糕的习俗，寓意是我们的生活将越来越好。由于“九九”谐音“久久”，重阳节如今已被赋予薪的涵义老人节。On the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chine

43、se lunar calendar, people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival. Nine is a yang number (a traditional Chinese spiritual concept) in The Book of Changes, so Double Ninth is called Chongyang.Climbing the mountains is one of the most popular traditions on that day. In September the sky is high and the ai

44、r is fresh, and climbing the mountains is helpful to keep physical fitness. The tradition of eating double-ninth cakes is associated with climbing the mountains. As a kind of festival foods, the double-ninth cake was first used to celebrate the autumn harvest. Later, it developed into the custom of

45、climbing the mountains and eating double-ninth cakes, which means that our life will become better and better. Because double ninth sounds like longevity (jiujiu in Chinese), the Double Ninth Festival nowadays has been given a new meaning-Seniors Day.重阳节，由于它是在中国农历九月初九这一天，所以又被称为重九节，至今有约两千年的历史。在中国古代，重

46、阳节是一个重要的节日，这一天要举行各种庆祝活动，如:登高、赏菊（chrysanthemum )、插茱萸（cornel)、吃重阳糕等。登髙是重阳节的主要习俗。古人认为，在这一天登高可以避祸免灾。近年来，这个古老的节日被赋予新的含义，逐渐成为开展各种敬老活动、一年一度的“老年节”。Chongyang Festival，falls on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, because of which，it is also named as the Double-ninth Festival, which has a history of some 2

47、,000 years. As an important festival in ancient China, Chongyang Festival was celebrated by holding various activities, such as climbing mountains, appreciating chrysanthemums, wearing cornel and eating Chongyang cakes. Climbing mountains is a major custom in Chongyang Festival. Ancient people thoug

48、ht climbing mountains on this day could help them avoid misfortune and prevent disasters. In recent years, a new meaning has been given to the old festival，and it gradually becomes an annual Seniors Day, on which various activities are held in honor of senior people.每年的农历八月十五为中秋节，是月亮在一年中最圆、最亮的一天。中秋节

49、的历史非常悠久。自古以来，历代皇帝都遵循着春季祭日、秋季祭月的传统。到唐代，中秋节开始作为固定节日；宋朝时，这一节日更为盛行。至明清，中秋节已成为一个与春节、清明节和端午节并列的重大节日。在中秋节这天，人们会在月下观赏祭拜，寄托个人情怀。The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, when the moon is the fullest and brightest of the whole year. This festival has a very long history. In ancient

50、 China, emperors followed the tradition of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and to the moon in autumn. By the Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival had been fixed as a holiday, which became even grander in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it grew to be a major festival of Ch

51、ina together with the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival and Dragon Boat Festival. On this day, people enjoy the full, bright moon, worship it and express their thoughts and feelings in the moonlight.中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival)对中国汉族和少数民族来说都是个传统的节日。拜月的习俗可以追溯到古代夏商时期(the Xia and Shang Dynasties)。按

52、照中国的农历，八月为秋季的第二个月，古时称为中秋。农历八月十五这天，月亮满圆，于是中国人将这天定为中秋节。圆形对中国人来说意味着家庭团聚，因此中秋节也是个家庭团聚的节日。这天，儿女们会带着自己的家人到父母家团聚。已 经定居海外的人有时会回来探望父母。The Mid-Autumn Festival is a conventional festival for both the Han and minority nationalities in China. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back to the ancient X

53、ia and Shang Dynasties. According to Chinese lunar calendar,the 8th month is the second month in autumn and ancient people called it Mid-Autumn (Zhongqiu in Chinese). On the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, the moon is extremely round and the Chinese people mark it Mid-Autumn Festiva

54、l. The round shape to Chinese means family reunion, therefore the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a holiday for members of a family to get together. On that day, sons and daughters will bring their family members back to their parentshome for a reunion, and people who have already settled overseas somet

55、imes will come back to visit their parents.腊八节(the Laba Festival)在农历最后一个月的第八天庆祝，标志着春节庆祝 活动的开始。“腊”指“腊月（the 12th lunar month)”，是农历第十二个月，“八”指的 是数字8。腊八节通常在1月中旬。大多数汉族人遵循腊八节喝腊八粥（Laba rice porridge)的习俗。腊八粥最早在宋朝传入中国。据史料记载，一些大型寺庙会为穷人提供腊八粥来表达对佛祖(Buddha)的虔诚。明朝时，腊八粥成为皇帝在此节日赏赐群臣的神圣食物。Laba Festival is celebrated

56、on the eighth day of the last lunar month, marking the beginning of celebrating the Chinese Spring Festival. La means the 12th lunar month and ba means the number eight. The date usually falls in mid-January. The majority of people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice

57、porridge on the Laba Festival. Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song Dynasty. According to historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show their faith to Buddha. In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to award

58、their officials on the festival.传统文化中国人的姓名通常姓（family name)在前，名（given name)在后。中国有10多亿个名字，所以人们即便在随意场合也可能会连名带姓地介绍自己，这是很寻常的。历史上，人名的受欢迎稈度会随着时事而变化。例如，文化大革命(Cultural Rcvolution)期间，“红”颇受欢迎，因其代表“革命”。20世纪80年代改革开放时期，“致富”成为一个名字，因其意为“变得富有”。In China the family name is usually in front of the given name. It isnt u

59、nusual for a man to introduce himself by his family name with given name even in casual situations because there are more than a billion given names. The Chinese given name has a history of changing with popularity depending on what events were going on. For instance, during the Cultural Revolution

60、Hong (the color red) was very popular as it presents revolution. During the reform and opening up in the 1980s, Zhifu became one given name as it means “getting rich”.中国传统认为孝顺(filial piety)是我们在父母有生之年应该一直秉承的、最 重要的美德。成为孝子是任何一个中国人首要的责任，这意味着要尽可能完全服 从父母，关怀父母，不惜任何代价满足他们的需求。中国传统认为孝顺还有一些 其他特征，如父母过世后，长子需要一手操