英文写作基础

1、英文写作基础一一动词一.教学内容：英文写作基础一一动词引言写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。按照大纲要求，高中毕业 应掌握2000左右词汇。我们可以将这些词汇分类，找出最常用的几百个。对于 这几百个词汇，要做到四会，即听得懂，说得出，会认读，能拼写。学习一个词汇不仅要知道它的意义，而且要知道它的词性。英文中有名词， 动词，形容词，副词，介词，冠词和连词。动词文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对 于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：.准确的读音和拼写听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只 有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达

2、信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得 分。.基本意义.常用其它意义除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义， 有自己的使用 范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。.常见搭配我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词、副词的搭配， 而且包括与名词搭配 的意义。以动词 make为例。make的基本意义是“制作，而make beds意思是“整理床铺” ，make use of思是 “禾用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune:发财”，make faces “做鬼脸”等等.过去式与过去分词在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动

3、词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词等形式。 因此，熟 练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。 这里，我们为同 学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。为了记忆方便，将它们分成,AAB , ABA和ABC五种形式。一个字母代表一种形式。cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, read bring -brought - broughtburn - burnt - burnt catch caught caughtfeed fed fedfight fought foughtAAA , ABB AAA: ABB: ben

4、d bent bent build built built buy bought bought deal dealt dealt feel felt felt find found found hang - hung - hung ) hear- heard heard hold held held lay laid laid leave left left light lit lit make made made meet met met say said said send sent sent shoot shot shot sleep slept slept stand stood st

5、ood sweep swept swept tell told toldget got gothave had hadhide hid hidkeep kept keptlead led ledlend lent lentlose lost lostmean meant meantpay paid paid sell sold soldshine shone shonesit sat satspend spent spentstick stuck stuckteach taught taught think thought thoughtunderstand understood unders

6、toodwin - won wonAAB: beat -beat - beatenABA: become -became -become run ran runABC: bear -bore - born bite bit bitten break - broke -broken draw - drew - drawn drive - drove - driven fall - fell - fallen forbid -forbade - forbidden give gave given freeze froze frozen grow grew grown lie lay lain ri

7、ng rang rung see saw seen sing - sang - sung speak spoke spoken swear swore sworn take took taken throw threw thrown wear wore worncome came comebegin began begunblow blew blowndo did donedrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgottengo went goneknow kne

8、w knownride rode riddenrise rose risenshake shook shakensink sank sunksteal stole stolenswim swam swumtear tore tornwake woke wokenwrite wrote written六.及物动词与不及物动词英语动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。这一点与中文差别较大。表达同样的 意思时，中文可以接宾语，而英文却不行，需要更换另一个及物动词，或接介词。 这种现象是很常见的。如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top

9、of the mountain?When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa.He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa.lie / lay: He was lying in bed.He laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising.I raised my voice but still couldn t make myself

10、heard.listen / hear:I asked him to listen to me carefully.Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.But I can t hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled.Then I saw something strange.止匕外，常用不及物动词：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about

11、), speak (to)(speak English 除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about)七.后接宾语的形式在及物动词中，有些后面要求接不定式作宾语，有些要求接动词的-ing形式。要分类记忆。v. + to do1. wish to do3. promise to do5.

12、 refuse to do7. expect to do9. fail to do11. plan to do13. ought to do15. used to do/be used to do17. would like to do19. so as to do21. make up ones mind to do23. be going to do25. happen to dodoing2. hope to do4. decide to do6. agree to do8. manage to do10. prefer to do12. want to do14. have to do

13、16. seem to do18. in order to do20. set out to do22. It takes sb. some time to dobe about to dopretend to do/to have done/to bebe thought/believed /said /reported to do28. have no choice but to dov. + doing1. enjoy doing2. risk doing3. avoid doing4. keep doingpractise doingsuggest doing / sb.s doing

14、 / that sb. (should) domiss doing8. finish doingallow / permit doing10. delay doing11. resist doing12. consider doingmind doing / sb.s doing / if sb. doimagine doing15. deny doing八.瞬时动词有些动作瞬间发生，不能延续。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry 等等。I have arrived in Beijing for t

15、wo days. ( x)I have been in Beijing for two days.(，)How long may I borrow the book? ( x)How long may I keep the book? (，)They have married for ten years. ( x)They have been married for ten years.(，)The film has begun for ten minutes. ( x)The film has been on for ten minutes.(，)How long have you boug

16、ht the TV set? ( x)How long have you had the TV set?(，)The writer has died for 2 years. ( x)The writer has been dead for 2 years. (V)以take为例：I.基本意思为：”拿走、带走还有“花时间、占据、乘交通工具”等多种意义。不规则动词，过去式是took,过去分词为taken。Don t forget to your raincoat with you when you go ou带走)He was taken away by the police.（被动）I,m s

17、oritoO k your bicycle by mistake.（拿）It took us three hours to do the operation.（花时间）If you my advice, you ll have no trouble doftgit.Don t everything in the newspaper for granted认为）I like the red blouse. I（买）ll it.When are you taking your driving test?（参力口）Why not - a taxi?（乘）Take the medicine three

18、 times a day.（月艮药）与某些名词连用，表示这个动作。take a look = to look take a rest / （take a break） = to resttake a walktake a risktake a shower take a deepbreathtake advantage of.常见搭配take notestake one s temperature take care （of）take part （in）take an interest intake photos （of）take a seattake something as an example.常见的短语动词take away: All his belongings have been taken away from hi