专八英译汉翻译技巧解读

1、专八英译汉翻译技巧解读考试须知时间分布：60 mins (E2C) + (C2E)文章类型：短文翻译/文章节选题量大小：150-200字分值比例：共20分，各占10分评分标准优秀作品标准9-10分翻译能够忠实地再现原文，在词汇、句法、标点或拼写上无错误或者错误很小1-2个，能够充分再现原文的风格和口吻，文笔优雅，选词得当，句式多变。良好作品标准7-8分翻译能够再现原文大意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时几乎没有重大的错误。翻译俱备可读性，清晰、流畅、连贯。及格作品标准5-6分翻译足够充分地再现原文大意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时出现局部较大错误，行文整体上可读。较差作品标准3-4分翻译仅能

2、再现原文一半的大意，在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时频繁出现错误，行文局部可读。很差作品标准1-2分翻译所再现的原文大意不及一半，几乎所有的句子在理解单词、短语、句子和观点时均存在错误，行文几乎不可读。拆分重组根本原那么：1. 主干与从句拆分2. 主干与其他修饰成分拆分长句拆分五步走宏观拆分微观拆分第一步：看标点：逗号，冒号：破折号分号；第二步：看从句引导词：“wh-所有 + how/that第三步：看连词： and, but, or, yet第四步：看非谓语动词：to do, doing第五步：看介词：on, in, for, of, at, with名词性从句引导词：关系连词+关系代词+关系

3、副词关系连词：that, whether/if关系代词：what, which, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where, why, how主语从句根本构造：引导词+从句+谓语+其他成份What he told me is only a lie.Where we can begin the journey is a question.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.形式主语根本构造It + 系动词+ 形容词/名词短语+引导词+从句/to do sthIt is no surprise that our team

4、won the game.我们的球队能够赢得比赛实在缺乏为奇。It seems unbelievable that pilot could survive the crash.飞行员能够从坠机中幸存似乎是难以置信。While comment and reaction from the lawyers may enhance the stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own their own notion of significance and make their own judgment.While com

5、ment and reaction from the lawyers may enhance the stories,/ it is preferable for journalists /【to rely on their own their own notion of significance /and make their own judgment.】When flying over Nepal, its easy to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny-a butterfly and drifting above one o

6、f those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge.When flying over Nepal, / its easy 【to soar in your imagination and pretend youre tiny-a butterfly】 / and drifting above one of those three-dime

7、nsional topographical maps 【architects use】, / the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies / 【that surround each high ridge.】宾语从句根本构造：主语+谓语+引导词+从句Can you hear what I say?I dont know that he swam across the river. I dont know how he swam across the river.He has informed me when t

8、hey are to discuss my proposal.形式宾语构造：主语+谓语+it+宾补引导词+从句/to do Environment where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.表语从句：主语+系动词+引导词+从句 Weather seems that it is going to rain. That is why we are late for the meeting. The question remains whether we can win the fina

9、l game. His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.同位语从句：We know the fact that the earth is round.判断：1. 在名词后，名词为抽象名词。2. 找到从句引导词。3. 盖上引导词，看从句是否完整。belief信念，信仰, fact事实, hope希望, idea主意，观点, doubt猜疑，质疑, news消息, rumor谣言, conclusion结论, evidence证据, suggestion意见, problem问题

10、, decision决策, discovery重大发现, explanation借口，解释, information信息, knowledge知识，见闻, order命令，秩序, law法律, opinion观点, truth真相，事实, promise许诺，诺言, report报告, thought想法，主意，思想, statement声明，陈述, rule法规，制度, possibility可能性，theory理论，assumption 假设，假想，charge指责Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, W

11、horf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. 【Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,】 / Whorf developed the idea / 【that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought / in many societ

12、y.】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control themScientists jumped to the rescue /with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect /【that insects would eat us up /if birds failed to control them】定语从句标志：

13、跟在名词之后，从句修饰名词。先行词物体关系代词：which, thatPuma is the animal which is found in America.先行词人关系代词: who, whom, whoseThis is the girl whom I like.关系副词： when, where, whyI cant forget the day when I met my girlfriend.前置法：The man who never taste bitterness doesnt know what sweat is. 译文：没吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。He adds humbl

14、y that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.He adds humbly / that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things /which easily escape attention, /and in observing them carefully.后置法：

15、I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 译文：我把这个故事告诉给了约翰，约翰把它告诉了他弟弟。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.The Greeks assumed / that the struc

16、ture of language had some connection with the process of thought, / which took root in Europe long before people realized / how diverse languages could be.During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugsAs fields are burned and contraband (

17、违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplaceDuring recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugsAs fields are burned and contraband (违禁品) confiscated, /

18、 the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point /where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace.融合法： Downstairs there is a man who wants to see you. 译文：楼下有人想见你。In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together televisi

19、on, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: / groups /which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses /that work in relation to one another

20、.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.In fact, it is difficult / to see /how journalists /who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Consti

21、tution /can do a competent job on political stories.In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.In Europe, /where forestry is ecologically more advanced, /the non

22、-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, /to be preserved as such, within reason. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) n

23、ow retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior - or their drinking Some college students /who previously drank in bars and lounges /under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their l

24、iquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, / where they no longer control their behavior - or their drinking状译法译成时间状语The driver who is driving bus mustnt talk with other or mind-absent.译成原因状语He showed no wish for the conversation with Ms Smith, who was no

25、w more than usually disagreeable. 译成条件状语Men becomes desperate for works, any works, which will help them to keep alive.译成让步状语He insists on buying that house which had no use for.译成目的状语He wishes to write an novel that will attract far more public attention.译成结果状语He tried to crack down revolt which sp

26、read more furiously throughout the country.被动语态一：主宾颠倒 She was given a new pen by her father. 译文：她的父亲送给她一杆新的钢笔 原文宾语主语， 原文主语宾语。有by被动However, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Churchill applied to those who ignored Hitlers threat.However, / too many of the worlds l

27、eaders are still best described / in the words of Churchill applied to those / who ignored Hitlers threat. 二：增加主语 The problem has not yet been solved. 译文：人们尚未彻底解决这个问题。 增加模糊主语“我们“有人“大家Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 911, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smalle

28、r, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.2007Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. /Still, 911, avian flu, / and Iran remind us / that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.2007State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking a

29、ge back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence三：无主句Water can be shown as containing impurity.译文：可以证明，水含有杂质。Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from

30、spreading quickly.译文：已经采取相关措施来预防传染病快速蔓延。But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. But, as has been true in many other cases, / when they were at last married, / the most ideal of situa

31、tions was found to have been changed to the most practical. 四：汉语被动A school boy was knocked down by a bus when crossing the street.译文：学生在过马路时，被一辆中巴撞倒了。增加汉语被动词“被“由“给“遭 五：“It + be + done + that构造： It should be pointed out that his plan seems too important. 译文：我们应该指出他的方案似乎更重要。 复原人称主语“人们“我们“大家It may be s

32、aid that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.It may be said / that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, / but th

33、is effect is not a part of its original motive.倒装构造1. 全部倒装构造 正常语序：主语+谓语+其他成分 An old man sits under the tree. 倒装语序：其他成分+谓语+主语 Under the tree sits an old man.I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May; that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing，as it seemed to me

34、，at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams. (2021)2. 局部倒装构造1否认词句首倒装Never, By no means, No longer, In no account, Not onlybut, Neither, Nor, He can not only spea

35、k English, but also speak French.Not only can he speak English, but also speak French.2含有否认意味的词 Hardly, Seldom, Scarcely, Rarely, Little, FewI seldom read book before going to bedSeldom do I read books before going to bed.二：“Only + 状语倒装：Only + 时间状语-We can only see stars at night.-Only at night can we see stars.Only + 地点状语-We have bought only this kind of car in big city.-Only in big city have we bought this kind of car.Only + 原因状语-We can only