国际货运代理专业英语unit7Thepracticeofinternationaloceancargotransportation

1、v1.0可编辑可修改 UNIET 7 The practice of international ocean cargo transportationSea Transportation 海运概述. 课文： Shipping constitutes the principal mode of international transport and is estimated to carry about 90 percent of international trade in terms of volume .注释：constitute : 构成， 相当于principal :最重要的，首要的e

2、stimate :估计in terms of :就 来说volume：量，额译文：海运是国际运输的最重要方式，预计其承担了90%勺国际贸易量。.课文：Consequently , it is very important for the freight forwarder to be able to identify the formalities relating to carriage of goods by sea to be able to provide all efficient service.注释：consequently : 所以，因止匕freight forwarder :

3、货运代理人（行）identify :认出，识别，确定formality :手续，例行公事carriage :运输译文：因此对于货运代理人来说，熟悉海洋货物运输的手续是非常重要的， 这样才能提供有效的服务。一、Transport Geography 运输地理课文： An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes.v1.0可编辑可修改 注释：be familiar with : 熟悉trade route :贸易线路译文：国际货运代理应熟悉国际贸易线路。课文： He or s

4、he should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, trans-shipment points and inland centers.注释：knowledge：知识 （have knowledge of:具备 知识，可以引申为“了解， 熟悉”）traffic routes :运输线路location :位置trans-shipment points :转运地inland center :内陆中心、译文：他（她）应该熟悉主要的交通线路，港口的位置，转运地和内陆中心。课文： A freight forwarder

5、should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends.注释：idea :概念，注意，明白pattern :型式，模式trend :走向，方向，趋势，倾向译文：货运代理人还应该对国际贸易的格局和变化趋势有一个整体的概念。二、Different Types of shipping services 不同类型的海上运输服务（考试重点）2-1 课文： The international shipping market offers four types of servi

6、ce, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.注释：namely: 即，就是，换句话说 (=that is) conference lines: 班轮v1.0可编辑可修改 公会运输 non-conference lines:非班轮公会运输 non-vessel operationcommon carriers: 无营运船公共承运人tramp service:不定期船运输（tramp：在这里是指的“不定期航行”）课文意思：国际海上

7、运输市场提供了四种类型的服务，即班轮公会运输，非班轮公会运输，无营运船公共承运人和不定期船运输2-2 Conference Lines班轮公会运输课文： A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.（班轮公会的定义，了解一下）注释：shipping confe

8、rence: 班轮公会 group: 团体，集团 shipping lines: 班轮运输 operating: 运行的，操作的 particular:特殊的，特定的under agreement: 按照协议的，在这里引申为“预定的sche duled:按船期表的tariff: 费率表，运费表（我们最常用的词义是“关税”） fixed:固定的 itinerary: 路线，旅行计划 ports of call:挂靠港，停靠港课文意思：班轮公会是按预定的船期表在特定的航线上从事营运的班轮公司 的组织，具有共同的费率表、固定的挂靠港。课文:The purpose of a shipping conf

9、erence is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.注释：purpose:目的 eliminate : 消除， 除去 price competition: 运价 竞争 memberlines: 会员公司reduce:减少 outside competition:夕卜部

10、竞争capture:获得，争取（原义是“捕获）traffic: 在这里是“买卖，交易” 的意思 loyalty:忠诚，忠实（loyalty agreement:忠诚协议）shipper:托运人课文意思：班轮运输的目的是消除会员公司之间在运价上的竞争，通过与托v1.0可编辑可修改 运人之间达成的忠诚协议为会员争取大量货源，以减少外部竞争。对于托运人来说班轮公会运输的优势（两点）：Stability of freight rates.稳定的运费率（stability:稳定，稳定性）Regularity of services.定期的运输服务（regularity: 定期，规则，规则性）班轮公会运输

11、的缺点（三点）：Rates are usually high.费率一般很高Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demandas in a tramp service.费率不会像不定期船那样随供求关系的变化而变动。（fluctuate: 变化， 变动;supply and demand: 供求）Rules and procedures are inflexible.规则和程序不灵活（rules:规则;procedure:程序，手续；inflexible: 不灵活的）2-3 Non-conference lines 非班轮公会运输课文：In

12、 recent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system.注释：in recent years:近几年 along: 沿着 pose a challenge to:对.提出挑战课文意思：近几年，出现在大多数国际航线上的非班轮公会运输，对班轮公会提出了挑战。课文：This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many ind

13、ependent carriers.注释：attributable:可归于.的（be attributable to:可归 因于）containerization:集装箱运输，货柜运输 emergence: 出现，发生independent carriers:独立承运人课文意思：这是由于集装箱运输和许多独立承运人的出现。v1.0可编辑可修改 课文： As a result, along someroutes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regar

14、d to rates, and terms and condition of service.注释：as a result: 结果 be forced to:被迫去做.cometo terms:达成协议，妥协，让步 in regard to: 关于（=regarding, with regard to） terms: 价钱，费用 condition: 条件。课文意思：结果航运公会被迫在运价、运输条件上和非班轮公会公司达成协 议。2-4 Non-vessel operating common carrier （NVOCC）无营运船公共承运人课文： AnNVOCG a carrier who op

15、erates a regular scheduled service.He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided.（无船承运人的定义，了解一下）注释：operate:营运 vessel:船舶 sea transportation:海上运输课文意思：无船承运人是从事定期营运的承运人，但并不拥有或经营海上运输所需的船舶。课文： Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he

16、is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.注释：in relationship with:与.的关系课文意思：尽管无船承运人相对于实际托运人是承运人，而相对于实际承运 人是托运人。课文： He assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions.注释：assume:担任，承担（assume a role of: 担任. 角色）principal:主要的，最重要的，负责人（在这里是指“委托人”）function: 职责，功能，作 用，效力课文意思：

17、（无船承运人）担任负责人的角色并履行一些职责v1.0可编辑可修改 课文：Heassumesresponsibility for ocean carriers, both conference and non-conference lines.注释：assume responsibility:负责， 承担责任 ocean carrier: 海上承运人课文意思：（无船承运人）对海上承运人负责，包括班轮运输和非班轮运输。课文：He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularl

18、y to small shippers who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates.注释：render: 给与 groupage or consolidation services:拼箱或集运服务（groupage:拼箱，拼装（小批量）货物consolidation: 拼箱，集运货物） bargaining: 讨价还价 negotiating rate:谈判价课文意思：（无船承运人）通过提供拼箱或集运服务给予托运人有效的服务， 特别是对那些在谈判价格中没有多少讨价还价能力的小的托运人。2-5 Tramp service不

19、定期船运输课文：Trampservice has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand.（不定期月台的定义， 了解下 ）注释：according to :根据，按照课文意思：不定期船运输没有固定的路线或者船期表，根据供求情况在任何线路上营运。课文： Tramp vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is lar

20、ge.注释：charter: 租赁，包租课文意思：通常是在谈判价格下租赁不定期船船舶，特别是当货物的数量很大的时候。三、Shipping documents 货运单证（考试重点）3-1 课文：The documents commonlyused in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifests, shipping notes, delivery ordersv1.0可编辑可修改and mate s receipts.注释：bills of lading:提单 sea waybills: 海运单 ma

21、nifests: 舱单shipping notes: 托运单 delivery orders:提货单 mate s receipts: 大副收据课文意思：海上货物运输常用的单证包括提单、海运单、舱单、托运单、提 货单和大副收据。3-2 bill of lading 提单课文：The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier. However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage.注释：evidence

22、of contract of carriage : 海上运输合同的证明课文意思：提单本身不是运输合同，因为它只是由承运人签署的，但是它是 海上运输合同的证明。课文：It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier.注释：serve as: 作为receipt: 收据课文意思：提单是货物交付给承运人的收据。课文： Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shippe

23、r to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.注释：besides: 另外 document of title:物权凭证 endorsement: 背书课文意思：另外，提单可作为物权凭证，使提单通过背书，将货物的所有权 从托运人转移到收货人或者其他方手中。3-3 Sea waybill 海运单课文： A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading.注ff: replacement: 代替，替换 traditional:传统的课文意思：海运

24、单替代了传统的海洋提单。77v1.0可编辑可修改 课文：The waybill is a non-negotiable document and madeout to a named consignee who is allowed, upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the waybill.注释：non-negotiable: 不可转让的，不流通的 make out: 书写，填写 (二fill out) named:指定的allowed:承认的，允许的proper:

25、正确的，适当的identfication:证明 claim: 要求，主张课文意思：海运单是一种不可流通的单证，且填写了经承认的指定收货人， 在提供了货物身份证明后，无须出示提单即可提货。3-3 Cargo manifest货物舱单课文：A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board.注释：regarding: 关于 on board:在船上，已装船课文意思：货物舱单提供已装船货物的信息。课文：A freight manifest gives information regarding freight rates, s

26、urcharges, rebates, etc.注释：freight rate:运费surcharge: 附加费rebate: 折扣，回扣货物舱单提供了运费，附加费，折扣等的信息。课文：The manif est is prepared by the carrier s agent but the freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities.注释：handle:处理，控制 deal with: 安排，处理 port authorities: 港 务局课文意思：货物舱

27、单是由承运人代理准备的，但是货运代理人必须持有货物 舱单与海关和港务局(办理货物进出口)。3-4 Shipping note 托运单课文： A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.注释：request: 要求， 请求 allocation: 分配， 配置 shipping space: 舱v1.0可编辑可修改 位课文意思：托运单是托运人签发给承运人要求分配舱位的单证。课文：It is a commitment on the part of th

28、e shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading.注释：commitment: 承诺，委托 preparation: 准备，预备课文意思：托运单是托运人委托运输货物，作为准备提单的基础。3-5 Delivery order 提货单课文： A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take d

29、elivery of the cargo (import cargo) from the vessel.课文意思：提货单是由承运人或其代理签发给收货人或其代理，使后者能够从船上提货。3-6 Mate s receipts大副收据课文： A mate s receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement of the goods received on board (export cargo) which is subsequently exchange for the bill of lading.注释：in the acknowledgement of:承认. subsequently:后来，随后exchange for: 交换，换取课文意思：大副收据是由承运人签发，是对货物装船的确认，以后可用大副 收据换取提单。四、历年考试分析1.( )is subsequently exchanged for the mari