句子成分 课件-初高英语衔接

1、句子成分sentence constituents 谓语主语宾语定语表语状语句子成分一个句子是由两个部分组成的，即主语、谓语，这两部分叫做句子的主要成分，其它次要成分是宾语、定语、表语、状语。定义：一般放在句首，多表示人或者是事物，在句首能回答“谁”、“什么”等问题，一般是由名词代词担任。句子成分主语1 we study hard in school.“谁”在学校努力学习？“我们”。We 代词作主语2 Teachers are very patient in their teaching谁 在教学中很有耐心 “老师们” 名词作主语3 kites are flying high in the s

2、ky. “什么”高高地飞在空中 风筝 kites是名词 主语回答是什么 怎么样等问题，是对主语的描写、叙述、判断，表示主语的行为和状态，常用动词和动词词组担任放在主语后面They are studying. 他们在学习。他们怎么样？“学习”study是动词，又是进行时态，所以用are studying 做谓语The students like playing football. 学生们喜欢踢足球学生们怎么样？“喜欢” like 是动词 做谓语谓语定义：表示行为的对象，回答“谁”“什么”常由名词或者代词担任，放在及物动词或者介词之后。they bought a book last week.他们

3、上星期买了本书买了什么？“书”book 是名字 做bought的宾语Tom remembers 200 words a day.汤姆一天记忆了200个单词记什么？“单词” word 是名词 在remember后面做宾语I like her.喜欢谁？“她” her 是代词作like的宾语宾语1He writes a letter every day.2 Mary broke her window this morning.3 The peasants are harvesting their crops.4 They are reading a book.5 His father works i

4、n a factory.Practice：Analyse The Following Sentence Constituents 定义：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任，形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词短语或者从句放在名词的后面。1 this is a red pen 2 He is a tall boy 3 The book on the desk is interesting4 The cheap computer was bought last week 定语定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词时，可以放在动词之前

5、，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词，放在他们之前。状语有时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、比较等。状语1 The students study hard.2 I often call him.3 The handbag is too heavy.4 I like them very much .5 They live here.6 He was born in 1990.7 We go to school by bus.8 Happily, they came.定义：用来说明主语的性质和状态，一般是由名词或者形容词担任。在英语中有一类动词成为联系动词，其后面的成分叫做表语。联系动词最有代表性的

6、是be动词，此外还有其他的联系动词。Become/get/grow/turn/go 变得Sound/feel/smell/taste/look/Remain/ 仍然是 仍旧是Make (经过努力成为) 表语1 Its getting warmer and warmer 2 The tyre lies flat 3 No one can stay young forever4 The apple tastes sweet5 Now I remain a teacher 6 After much practice, you are sure to make a good player补足语主语补足语宾语补足语定义：一个句子主谓宾都有了但就是不完整，需要补充说明，补充说明的这一部分就是补足语。补足语I found them happy He often hears me singShe made the big boy cryI will study (the interesting )subjects today. 主语谓语定语宾语状语Weihua is