中考英语语法专项-形容词 (讲解 练习)课件

1、初中英语语法-形容词1 形容词的基本作用形容词的定义及位置形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。作定语作表语作宾语补足语形容词的名词化一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。放在连系动词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem 等)之后。放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。有些形容词放在定冠词之后变成名词,表示一类人He lives in a beautiful house.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。His idea sounds great.他的主意听起来很

2、棒。They keep the classroom clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。The old should be taken good care of.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。2形容词词义辨析学生在做辨析题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境即可选出正确答案。eg. After the football match, the players were very _ and tired. A. cool B. full C. lively D. thirsty第1步：分析四个选项均为形容词，在句中作表语；第2步：分

3、析语境“在足球比赛之后，运动员是_和疲劳的。”cool平静的；full满的；lively有活力的；thirsty口渴的，渴望的。结合常识及句意可知运动员在足球比赛后又渴又累。故选D。1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising 令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的The story has a surprising end.He is surprised at the eresting有趣的interested感兴趣的There are many interesting places in Beijing.Im interested in

4、 what he said.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的They jumped when they heard the exciting news.We are excited about the match.一般修饰事物主语一般是人2.older和elder易混词用法例句older常用于表比较的句型中,意为“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。He is older than you.他比你年龄大。elder只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为“年长的”。elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“

5、资格老的”He is my elder brother.他是我哥哥。He is an elder teacher.他是位资格老的老师。3.alone 和lonely易混词用法例句alone强调独自一人,常用作表语。另外,alone也可用作副词,意思是“单独地,独自地”He lives alone.他一个人住。lonelylonely作表语时,表示“寂寞的”,含有强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“偏僻的”之意The man lived on a lonely island.那个男人住在一个偏僻的岛上。4.alive, lively和living易混词用法例句alive是表语形容词,既可指人,也可指物

6、Was the snake alive or dead?这条蛇是活着还是死了?lively侧重指“活泼的,活跃的”,与“死板的”对应Thats a lively baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。living是定语形容词,指“活着的”All the living things need food to grow.所有的生物都需要食物去生长。5.black和dark易混词用法例句blackblack的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反义词是whiteThe doors are painted black.这些门被刷成了黑色。darkdark的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指无光This is a dar

7、k room.这是间黑暗的房间。6.sleepy,asleep和sleeping易混词用法例句sleepy意为“困倦的”,还没有睡着He felt sleepy in class.他在课上感觉很困。asleep意为“睡着了的”,常用作表语He fell asleep in class.他在课上睡着了。sleeping意为“睡着了的”,常用作定语Look at the sleeping boy.看那个睡着了的男孩儿。7.dead和dying易混词用法例句dead指“死了的”His father has been dead for 3 years.他的父亲已经去世3年了。dying指“快死了的,奄

8、奄一息的”The little dog is dying. Lets do something to help him.那只小狗快死了。让我们做些事来帮帮他。形容词反义词词义good好的bad坏的glad高兴的 sad悲伤的quick快的 slow慢的hot热的 cool凉爽的easy简单的 hard困难的pleasant令人愉快的 unpleasant令人难过的polite 礼貌的 impolite无礼的comfortable 舒服的 uncomfortable 难受的high高的 low低的 rich富有的 poor贫穷的happy高兴的 angry生气的 short短的 long长的sa

9、me相同的 different不同的3形容词短语辨析aboutbe worried about对担心be excited about因而激动be crazy about对疯狂/着迷of be proud of为而感到自豪be afraid of害怕be short of短缺be tired of厌烦for be famous for/known for以而闻名be sorry for为感到可惜/抱歉be ready for为准备好be late for迟到be thirsty for渴望be/get ready for为做准备with be busy with 忙于be popular wit

10、h受欢迎be satisfied with对满意be angry with生的气be born with生来具有be strict with对严厉be full of/filled with充满be patient with对有耐心atbe amazed at对感到惊讶be good at擅长be surprised at对感到惊讶be mad at对感到生气4副词的基本作用副词的分类4副词的基本作用副词的用法作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子Please listen to me carefully.请认真听我说。Luckily,he was not badly hurt.幸运

11、的是,他伤得不是太重。作表语,表示状态或方位上的变化My father will be back in a week.我父亲一周后回来。作宾语补足语Let him in,please.请让他进来。5副词词义辨析学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，根据语境和逻辑关系即可选出正确答案。eg. Take care when you are driving, _ in a summer storm like this.A. immediately B. especially C. probably D. recently 第1步：分析四个选项均为副词，意思分别是：

12、立即；尤其是；可能；最近。第2步：分析语境“你开车的时候要小心，在像这样的夏季暴风雨天气里。”结合句意及选项可知，此句是提醒尤其是在这样的夏季暴风雨天气里，开车要小心，故选B。1.how long,how soon,how often,how far易混词组用法例句how long“多久,多长时间”,对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答How long have you lived in Beijing?你住在北京多久了?howsoon“多快,多久以后”,用于一般将来时的句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答How soon will your father c

13、ome back?你父亲多久以后回来?howoften“多长时间一次”,对频率提问,常用once,twice,three times a week等回答How often do you play football?你多长时间踢一次足球?how far“多远”,对距离提问How far is it from here to your home?从这儿到你家有多远?2.hard,hardly易混词用法例句hard意为“努力地,艰难地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副词We should study hard as students.作为学生,我们应该努力学习。hardly意为“几乎不”,是表示否定意义的

14、副词I can hardly catch up with you.Can you walk more slowly?我几乎跟不上你了。你能走慢一点吗?3.much too,too much易混词用法例句much too意为“非常,极其,太”,much和too都是副词,much修饰too,以加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级The skirt is much too dear.这条裙子太贵了。too much意为“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气,too much修饰不可数名词,与too many相对,too many修饰可数名词Please

15、dont eat too much ice cream.Its bad for your health.请不要吃太多的冰激凌,它对你的健康有害。There are too many people in the supermarket.这家超市里有太多人。4.too,also,either易混词用法例句too一般用于肯定句,常放在句尾You are a student.I am a student,too.你是一名学生,我也是一名学生。also常放在句中,be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前They are also students.他们也是学生。either常用于否定句中,往往放在句

16、末I dont like the film,either.我也不喜欢这部电影。5.too,enough,so易混词用法例句too意为“太,很”,常用于“tooto”结构,表示否定意义,表示“太而不能”The man is too old to look after himself.这个男人年纪太大了,不能照顾自己。enough意为“足够”,常用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to”结构,表示“足够能”The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这个男孩跑得足够快,能赢得比赛。so意为“如此”,用于“sothat”结构,表示“如此以至于”The came

17、ra is so expensive that I cant afford it.这个照相机太贵了,我买不起。6.already,yet,still易混词用法例句already常用于肯定句I have already finished my homework.我已经完成我的家庭作业了。yet常用于否定句和疑问句Have you finished your homework yet?你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗?I havent had lunch yet.我还没有吃午饭。still常用于肯定句和疑问句,表示某事还在进行He still works late every night.每天晚上他仍然

18、工作到很晚。7.ago,before易混词用法例句ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟前看到他了。before指过去或将来的某一时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这部电影了。8.now,just,just now易混词用法例句now常与一般现在时、现在进行时连用,意为“现在”Where does he live now?他现在住在哪里?just与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示“刚”We have just

19、 seen the film.我们刚看过这部电影。just now常与一般过去时连用,表示“刚才”He was here just now.他刚才在这里。6形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词多音节词和部分双音节词6形容词比较级和最高级的构成不规则变化比较级的判定方法1）由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。2）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，就越”。Th

20、e more fruit you eat, the healthier you are. 你吃的水果越多，你就越健康。3）“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越”。注意：若比较级是在原级前加more构成的，则用“more and more+原级”表示“越来越”。 Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。4）表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构为A+be+比较级+than+B表示“A比B，”即AB。（注意比较的对象要一致）如果加入数字，则表示确切的量的关系。 My bike is more beautiful tha

21、n hers. 我的自行车比她的（自行车）漂亮。比较级的常见结构1.A+be+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A不及B”。The film was less funny than the book.这部电影没有这本书有趣。2.表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be+比较级，A or B?Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？。3.表示两者之间较的一个（of the two）时，常用the+比较级结构。He is the thinner of the two.他是两个中

22、较瘦的那个。4.表示几倍于时，用倍数+比较级+than表示。 The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江大概比珠江长两倍。最高级的判定方法1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不用。句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围。即用“A+be+the+最高级（in/of/among）” 表示。This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。2）表示“A是中最之一”时，用“A+be+one of

23、+the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式”Deng Ziqi is one of the most popular singers.邓紫棋是最受欢迎的歌手之一。3）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who be the +最高级，A， B or C? Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？最高级的常见结构1.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。“A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围”表示。 She is the second tallest girl in our class

24、. 她是我们班第二高的女生。2.形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词the。She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。3.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班上最高的学生。1.John, this crossword is too difficult for me. I cant work it out.You can go to Jackson for help. Hes very _. Im sure he can

25、do it. A.brave B.serious C.polite D.clever【答案】D【解析】句意:约翰,这个纵横字谜对我来说太难了。我解不出来。你可以找杰克逊帮忙。他非常聪明。我确信他能解出来。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A选项意为“勇敢的”;B选项意为“严肃的,严重的”;C选项意为“有礼貌的”;D选项意为“聪明的”。由句意可知本题选择D。2.Yummy!It is the _ Chinese-style cake that I have ever had. A.worse B.worst C.nicer D.nicest【答案】D【解析】句意:真好吃!它是我吃过的最好的中式蛋糕。本题考

26、查形容词的比较等级。由题干中“that I have ever had”可知本空用形容词的最高级,由句意可知本题选择D。中考演练-单项选择3.What _ news made them so down?Im worried about them. A.sad B.happy C.exciting D.good【答案】A【解析】句意:什么伤心的消息使他们如此沮丧?我很担心他们。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A选项意为“伤心的”;B选项意为“高兴的”;C选项意为“令人激动的”;D选项意为“好的”。由句意可知本题选择A。4.Bill got full marks in the last math test

27、.Yes, he is _ boy in our class. A.the most awful B.more awfulC.the most careful D.more careful【答案】C【解析】句意:比尔在上次的数学测验中得了满分。是的,他是我们班最细心的男孩。本题考查形容词的比较等级。由题干中表范围的短语“in our class”可知本空用形容词的最高级,再结合句意可知本题选择C。5.Jane Eyre is one of_novels in the world. A.more famous B.the most famous C.longer D.longest【答案】B【解

28、析】句意:简爱是世界上最著名的小说之一。本题考查形容词的最高级。本句使用了“one of+the+最高级+可数名词复数”这一结构,故选择B。6.The house prices are so_that many young people cant afford to buy a house. A.high B.cheap C.expensive D.low【答案】A【解析】句意:房价是如此高以至于很多年轻人买不起房。本题考查形容词词义和用法。A选项意为“高的”;B选项意为“便宜的”;C选项意为“贵的”;D选项意为“低的”。根据句意可知本题选择A。7.Chinese chess has a lo

29、ng history. Today its still_among the young and the old. A.special B.popular C.easy D.valuable【答案】B【解析】句意:中国象棋有很悠久的历史。今天它仍然在年轻人和老人中很受欢迎。本题考查形容词词义辨析。A选项意为“特别的”;B选项意为“流行的,受欢迎的”;C选项意为“容易的”;D选项意为“有价值的”。根据句意可知本题选择B。1.We should get up _ tomorrow. We cant be late for class any more. A.later B.sooner C.long

30、er D.earlier【答案】D【解析】句意:我们明天应该更早起床。我们不能再上课迟到了。A选项意为“更晚”,B选项意为“更快”,C选项意为“更长”,D选项意为“更早”。由句意可知本题选择D。2.Do you know the famous basketball player Kobe has said goodbye to the NBA?Yes. Im afraid I will_see him on screen. A.sometimes B.often C.always D.seldom【答案】D【解析】 你知道那个著名的篮球运动员科比已经跟NBA说再见了吗?是的,恐怕我将很少在电视

31、上看见他了。A选项意为“有时”,B选项意为“经常”,C选项意为“总是”,D选项意为“很少”。由句意可知本题选择D。3.She always does very well in the English exams. But she can_ understand English radio programs. A.always B.hardly C.already D.easily【答案】B【解析】句意:她总是在英语考试中表现很好。但是她几乎不能听懂英语广播节目。本题考查副词词义辨析。A选项意为“总是”,B选项意为“几乎不”,C选项意为“已经”,D选项意为“容易地”。由句意可知本题选择B。4.T

32、here are many beautiful places to visit in Shijiazhuang,_Mount Xiantai in autumn. A.simply B.finally C.luckily D.especially【答案】D【解析】句意:在石家庄,有许多美丽的地方可以去参观,尤其是秋天的仙台山。本题考查副词词义辨析。A选项意为“简单地,朴素地,仅仅,不过”;B选项意为“最后”;C选项意为“幸运地”;D选项意为“特别,尤其”。根据句意可知本题选择D。5.Do you think yesterdays math problems were difficult?Yes

33、. I could_work them out. A.hardly B.easily C.finally D.nearly【答案】A【解析】句意:你认为昨天的数学题难吗?是的,我几乎不能算出它们。本题考查副词词义辨析。A选项意为“几乎不”;B选项意为“容易地”;C选项意为“最终”;D选项意为“几乎”。根据句意可知本题选择A。6.To my surprise, my brother can speak English_. A.lively B.friendly C.kindly D.perfectly【答案】D【解析】句意:令我吃惊的是,我的哥哥能把英语说得很完美。本题考查副词。A选项意为“活泼

34、的,有活力的”;B选项意为“友好的”;C选项意为“友好地”;D选项意为“完美地”。根据句意可知本题选择D。7.It was late. He opened the door_so that he wouldnt wake his mother up. A.quietly B.heavily C.loudly D.angrily【答案】A【解析】句意:天很晚了。他轻轻地打开门以便他不会把他妈妈吵醒。A选项意为“轻轻地”;B选项意为“沉重地”;C选项意为“大声地”;D选项意为“生气地”。根据句意可知选择A。8.The math problem isnt difficult, and most of

35、 the students can work it out_. A.hardly B.easily C.simply D.impossibly【答案】B【解析】句意:这道数学题不难,大多数学生能不费力地把它算出来。A选项意为“几乎不”;B选项意为“容易地”;C选项意为“简单地”;D选项意为“不可能”。由句意可知本题选择B。1.Compared with newspapers or TV, the Internet offers people _ information. A.much B.more C.most【答案】B【解析】句意:与报纸或是电视相比,互联网给人们提供了更多的信息。本题考查形

36、容词的比较级。由题干中Compared with可知,本空用形容词的比较级形式,由此可知本题选择B。2.Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished _ one. A.the most difficult B.the least difficult C.the less difficult【答案】C【解析】句意:在这两个物理题中,玛莎刚刚完成了难度较小的那一个。本题考查形容词的比较等级。most最多(用于最高级);least最少(用于最高级);less较少(用于比较级)。根据Of the two physics problems可知,两者间

37、进行比较应使用比较级。故答案为C。3.Miss Brown tells us to remember that_careful we are,_mistakes we will make. A.the more, the fewer B.the fewer, the moreC.the more, the less【答案】A【解析】句意:Brown老师让我们记住,我们越小心犯的错误就越少。此题考查“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型。根据句意可排除B项。应用fewer修饰可数名词复数mistakes,所以选A。4.What do you think of the movie Operatio

38、n Red Sea?Wonderful. Ive never seen a movie _ than it. A.more excited B.more exciting C.most excited D.most exciting【答案】B【解析】句意:你觉得电影红海行动怎么样?很精彩。我从没看过比它更刺激的电影。本题考查形容词的比较级。根据关键词than可知此处要用形容词的比较级,因此排除C、D选项。excited用于说明人,故排除A选项。movie电影,因此需要用修饰物的exciting,故答案为B项。5.Mary, do you prefer weekdays or weekends?

39、Of course weekdays. Because Im _ on weekends. A.busy B.much busier C.the busiest【答案】B【解析】句意:玛丽,你更喜欢工作日还是周末?当然是工作日了。因为我在周末要忙得多。 本题考查形容词的比较级。句中工作日和周末为对比关系,所以用形容词的比较级。much可以修饰比较级busier。故本题选B。6.Do the twins look the same?No, Jane is _ taller than Claire. A.little B.more C.a little【答案】C【解析】句意:这对双胞胎看上去一样吗

40、?不,简比克莱尔高一点。a little可修饰形容词比较级。故答案为C。7.All the students in our class are over fifteen except Nick. He is_in our class. A.younger B.older C.the youngest D.the oldest【答案】C【解析】句意:我们班所有学生都超过15岁了,除了尼克。他是我们班岁数最小的。本题考查形容词最高级的用法。根据句意可知,正确答案为C。8.Which country has the _ population in the world? China. Its a li

41、ttle _ than that of India. A.most, most B.biggest, bigger C.more, most D.bigger, biggest【答案】B【解析】句意:世界上哪个国家人口最多?中国。它比印度人口多一点。本题考查形容词的比较级和最高级。population应该用形容词big或large来修饰,故排除选项A和C。第一句话有表范围的短语in the world, 应用最高级。第二个空后有than,应用比较级,故本题选择B。9.The pizza looks _. It is my favourite. A.lovely B.sweetly C.soft

42、ly D.healthily【答案】A【解析】句意:这块比萨看起来很可爱。它是我的最爱。本题考查形容词的用法。本题中look为感官动词,其后要用形容词。lovely意为“可爱的”,为形容词;sweetly意为“甜蜜地”,为副词;softly意为“柔软地”,为副词;healthily意为“健康地”,为副词。故本题选择A。10.Nothing is _ than keeping trying if you want to achieve your dream. A.very important B.more importantC.the most important D.as important

43、as【答案】B【解析】句意:如果你想实现梦想,不断努力最重要。根据句中关键词than可知,本题应用比较级,与Nothing连用表示最高级。故选B。11.There are_sharing bikes in many cities. So there will be_pollution. A.less and less;more and moreB.less and less;fewer and fewerC.more and more;less and less D.fewer and fewer;less and less【答案】C【解析】句意:在许多城市有了越来越多的共享单车。所以污染会越

44、来越少。本题考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级,表示“越来越”。sharing bikes可以用more and more“越来越多的”修饰;pollution是不可数名词,要用less and less“越来越少的”修饰。故选C项。12.What do you think of the movie?Great! I have never seen a _ one. A.good B.bad C.better D.worse【答案】C【解析】句意:你认为这部电影怎么样?太棒啦!我从来没有看过比这更好的电影。本题考查形容词的比较级的用法。good好的;bad坏的;be

45、tter更好的;worse更坏的。I have never seen a better one.=This is the best one that I have ever seen. 与答语中的Great!一致。故选C1.Our manager greeted the guests _ with a smile at the entrance. (polite)【答案】politely【解析】句意：我们的经理在入口处面带微笑，礼貌地问候客人。修饰动词greeted需用副词。故填politely。2.For your _, smoking is not allowed during the w

46、hole flight.(safe)【答案】safety【解析】句意：为了你的安全，吸烟在整个飞行过程中是不允许的。形容词性物主代词后跟名词。故填safety。3.My daughter is much _ now. The jeans she wore last year are already too short.(tall)【答案】taller【解析】句意：我女儿现在高很多了。她去年穿的牛仔裤已经太短了。根据语境及much可知应用比较级。故填taller。中考演练-用所给形容词的适当形式填空4.After the 31st Olympic Games, people all over t

47、he country thought _ of the spirit of the Womens Volleyball Team.(high)【答案】highly【解析】句意：在第31届奥运会之后，全国人民高度赞扬了女排精神。固定搭配think highly of意为“高度赞扬；高度评价”。故填highly。5.People who often list things they are thankful for are happier and _. (healthy)【答案】healthier【解析】句意：那些经常列出他们感激的事的人更快乐而且更健康。and连接的两个词成分一致，and前面为h

48、appier，因此healthy也用形容词比较级。故填healthier。6.One Belt One Road is _ accepted in the world.（wide）【答案】widely【解析】句意为：一带一路被世界广泛接受。分析句子可知此处修饰的是动词，应该用副词形式，故填widely。7.There are ways to stay healthy when seasons change. You should wash your hands _, exercise, eat and sleep well.(careful)【答案】carefully【解析】句意: 当季节交替时有很多方式保持健康。你应该仔细洗手、勤锻炼、好好吃饭、好好休息。此处修饰的是动词wash，用副词形式。故填carefully。8.Peter has made gr