2022年全国高校网络教育公共基础课统一考试大学英语B考前辅导讲义

1、2 全国高校网络训练公共基础课统一考试高校英语 B 考前辅导讲义一、大纲简介第一讲考试简介【语法】 考生应把握 基本 的英语语法学问,并能在语言活动中较正确地加以运用；【词汇】考生应认知 3000 个单词 ,并娴熟把握其中的 1800 个单词及其基本的搭配；【交际才能】 考生应把握 日常生活常见情形 中的 基本交际用语 ；【阅读】 考生应能读懂与 日常生活 和社会生活 相关的不同类型的文字材料,阅读速度为每分钟 50 个单词 ；考生应能：1. 懂得主旨要义；2. 懂得文中详细信息；3. 依据上下文估计生词词义；4. 进行有关的判定、推理和引申,懂得作者的意图、观点或态度；【翻译】 考生应能在

2、15 分钟内将 4 个 难度适中 的英文句子翻译成中文；考生应能：1. 对英语原文有精确的懂得；2. 做到译文通顺、达意【写作】 考生应能在 30 分钟内写出长度不少于 80 词的常见应用文及一般的表达文、说明文和谈论文；考生应能：二、1.用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达；2.基本做到内容切题,结构严谨,条理清晰；3.依据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作；题量和分值I 项目内容题量单题分值总分交际英语5 个简短对话5 3 15 II 阅读懂得2 篇短文10 3 30 III 词汇与结构5 个单句5 2 10 IV 完形填空1 篇短文5 2 10 V 英译汉4 个单句4 5 20 三、考

3、试操作界面5 2 操作区题目区答题区答案区四、主要参考资料1.全国高等网络训练公共基础课统一考试用书高校英语（2022年修订版）（PP. 119-208 ）；2. 自编资料5 2 其次讲 交际英语一、1.交际英语答题的四大原就合作原就合作原就是指问与答之间要有肯定的规律关系,不能答非所问；【例 1】-What would you like to drink. -_. A. Anything wrong B. Very good C. Well done, please D. Orange juice, please 答案： D Drink 表示 “喝 ”,回答时用饮料【例 2 】-How of

4、ten do you go dancing. -_. A. I will go dancing tomorrow. B. Yesterday. C. Every other day. D. Ive been dancing for a year.答案： C How often提问事情发生的频率；答案every other day表示 “每隔一天 ”【例 3 】-_. -Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week. A. When did your parents arrive at Paris B. How long have yo

5、ur parents been in Paris C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday D. When will your parents go to Paris 答案： B When 提问时间点, how long 提问时间段；此题的难度在于回答中既出2.礼貌原就现了时间点 last Wednesday ,也显现了时间段about a week ；但是整句话的意思是 “ 好的,他们上星期三到了那儿；因此大约一个星期了”,由此可见,重点是后面的So about a week ,也就是时间段；因此选择B；礼貌原就是指问与答都必需礼貌

6、、得体,表达对他人的敬重和懂得；尽量满意他人要求,如不能满意时,要表达歉意；【例 4 】-Could you be so kind as to turn down that rock n roll. Im preparing for tomorrow s exam.-_ A. Its none of your business. B. What are you doing. C. Sure. Sorry to disturb you. D. No, I dont think so.答案： C Could you 表达恳求, 为了表示礼貌, 假如同意可以用 Sure 来回答；I m prepar

7、ing for tomorrows exam 表示 “我正在预备明天的考试”,回答者对开着摇滚乐这件事表示赔礼,因此需要选 Sorry to disturb you；【例 5 】-May I use your bike for a moment. -_. A. Its wellB. It doesnt matter5 2 C. By all means D. I have no idea. 答案： C By all means 表示 “ 当然可以 ”【例 6 】-May I see your tickets, please. -_. A. No, they are mine. B. No, y

8、o u can t.C. Sure. D. Yes, you can. 答案： C 【例 7】-Could you help me with my physics, please. -_ A. No, no way. t.B. No, I couldnt.C. No, I canD. Sorry I cant. I have an appointment right now.答案： D 3.对别人的恳求,假如不能满意,一般不宜直接用No 回答,最好用Sorry表示歉意,然后仍要说明理由,如I have an appointment right now.“我刚才有一个约会；”语境符合原就语境符合

9、原就是指问与答要符合语境的设定,也就是要依据语境回答疑题；对语境的 推测要精确、合理；【例 8 】-Hello, may I speak to Dr. Brown. -_. A. Yes, he is not in at the moment B. No, yo u can tC. Yes, this is Brown speaking D. Sorry speaking 答案： C 从 Hello 和 may I speak to 可以看出这是一段电话对话；在电话里说 “我”要用 this ,说 “你”用 that ；【例 9 】-Thank you for inviting me. -_.

10、 A. I really had a happy time. B. Oh, its too late.C. Thank you for coming. D. Oh, so slowly. 答案： C Thank you for inviting me表示 “感谢你邀请我 ”；从这句话可以看出是宴会道别时的场景,回答的时候用 Thank you for coming,表示 “感谢你能来”；这是比较少见的用 Thank you 来回答 Thank you 的题目；4. 文化遵从原就问与答要符合英语文化的特点,不能用汉语思维去做题；特殊是特别 “地道 ”的中式英语表达法,要立刻排除；【例 10 】-

11、Tomorrow is my birthday. -_. A. Oh, I have no idea. B. Im glad you like it.C. Many happy returns of the day. 5 2 D. You must be very happy. 答案： C 除了可以用 Happy birthday来庆贺生日以外, Many happy returns of the day 也可以表达这个意思,类似于汉语中的“ 年年有今日,岁岁有今朝”；可以用于庆贺人生日欢乐的【例 11】 -W ow. This is a marvelous room. Ive never k

12、nown you re so artistic.-_. A. Great, I am very art-conscious B. Don t mention itC. Thanks for your compliments D. Its fine答案： C 依据英美国家的习俗,对别人的赞扬一般都会表示感谢；【例 12 】-Thank you ever so much for the coat you bought me. -_. A. No thanks B. Im glad you like itC. Please dont say soD. No, its not so good答案： B

13、 对于感谢的回答比较多；但这道题中, 话题发起人感谢的是对方送的礼物,因此一般可以用 I m glad you like it（很兴奋你喜爱） ；答案 C（请别这么说）是典型的汉语表达习惯；二、交际英语的主要考点交际英语依据出题的题材分,可以分为六类：信息、服务、交往、祝愿和情感1. 询问信息此类的题目往往有很详细的内容的,因此要留意使用合作原就进行问答；询问信息时会使用到疑问句；疑问句分为三种：一般疑问句、选择疑问句和特殊疑问句；1 一般疑问句一般疑问句往往需要用yes 或 no 来回答,但是有时候为了符合礼貌原就,也可以用Thank you 或 Sorry 等回答；【例 13 】- Hel

14、lo, may I talk to the director now. - _. A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. No, you cant C. Sorry, you cant D. I dont know 答案： A 提问者问的是一般疑问句；May I 是一个恳求, 回答的人假如不同意,可以用 Sorry 来回答；【例 14 】- I believe weve met somewhere before. - No, _. A. it isnt the same B. it cant be right 5 2 C. I dont think so D

15、. Id rather not 答案： C 这是一句委婉的一般疑问句,意思是“我认为我们以前见过；”,言下之意 是“我们以前见过没有？”回答时表达同意对方观点可以说 I think so. 或 I don t think so. 或 I hope not. I hope so. 不同意对方观点可以说【例 15 】- Must I be home before seven. - _. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustnt C. Yes, you will D. No, you wont 答案： A Must 做一般疑问句,否定式可以用 needn t或 dont

16、 have to；2 选择疑问句 or ；回答一般疑问句,可以有三种选法：选择疑问句一般会用到选择 or 前后的两个词组之一,说明要选择哪一个；选择 It s hard to say. 表示很难选择；Neither will do.（两者都不行）选择 Either will do.（两者都行）或【例 16 】- Do you prefer tea or coffee. - _ A. Milk. B. Yes, I like tea. C. Coffee, please. D. None. 答案：C 这是一句典型的选择疑问句,在这道题中, 可以选择 or 前后的一个词组；【例 17】- Have

17、nt seen you for ages. What are you busy doing now. - _. A. I hate the weather here B. My hair is getting a bit longer C. Yeah, thanks for coming D. I am working part time in a bookshop, you know 答案： D What are you busy doing now. 意思是 “你现在正忙于做什么？”回答是要用现在进行时；3特殊疑问句5W1H 来提问,即Who 、 What 、 When 、Where 、W

18、hy 、How ；特殊疑问句一般会用常考的特殊疑问句如下：Whats up. / Whats going on. /Whats the matter. 发生了什么事？What day is today. 询问星期几What do you think of . / How do you like 询问观点 . What is 人. 询问职业How is 人 . 询问人的身体状况？5 2 How often . 询问频率 How long . 询问时间长度 How soon . 询问将来的时间（用 In 来回答）When . 询问时间 Where . 询问地点 Why . 询问缘由 Who . 询

19、问人物【例 18 】-How soon will your father fly to New York. -_ A. At 7.00 am. B. Last week.C. In three days. D. Twice a year. 答案： C How soon . 用于提问将来的时间,回答时一般用“in+时间 ”；【例 19 】- Why didnt you come to my birthday party yesterday. - _. A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower B. Fine, I never go to birthday

20、parties C. Well, I dont like birthday parties D. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident 答案： D Why . 提问缘由；这道题中回答者不仅要给出缘由,仍要对不能赴生 日宴会表示歉意；2. 供应服务 供应服务类的题目可以分为四小类：供应或寻求帮忙、提出或回应建议、询问对方是否介意和借仍物品；1 供应或寻求帮忙 供应或恳求帮忙有下面几种提问方式：Will / Would you please .Can / Could you .Can / Could I .Could you help me .yes 或 no

21、 来回答,可以用下面几个关键词：回答此类问题应留意礼貌,一般不能直接用 表示情愿供应帮忙：certainly / sure 表示不能供应帮忙必需先表示歉意sorry ,然后说明缘由【例 20 】- Would you please pass me the salt. - _. A. Give you B. No salt C. Here they are D. Certainly. Here you are 答案： D A. Give you 这种说法不符合英语表达的习惯；在英语中“给你 ”一般会说5 2 Here you are ；【例 21 】-Could you help me with

22、 my physics, please. -_ A. No, no way. B. No, I couldnt. C. No, I cant. D. Sorry I cant. I have to go to a meeting right now. 答案： D 【例 22 】- This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. - _. A. You may ask for help B. Ill give you a hand C. Please do me a favor D. Id come to help 答案： B This box i

23、s too heavy for me to carry upstairs表示 “把这个盒子搬到楼上对我来说太重了”,言下之意是 “ 你能否帮我搬一下这个重箱子”；这是一 道委婉的求助题, 因此用 I ll give you a hand,即“ 让我来帮你一把”回答；2 提出或回应建议 提出建议可以用下面几种句型：How about .What about .Let s Shall we .回答这类问题一般可以用下面几种：表示赞同可以用Great. / Good idea. Sorry / Id rather 表示不赞同一般也需要有礼貌,可以考虑用【例 23 】- How about going

24、 to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight. - _ A. Forget it. B. Sorry, I like Mexican food. C. Thats great. D. Glad you like it. 答案： C 【例 24 】- How about going fishing. - _, I have no patience for that. A. Excuse me B. Sorry C. Pardon D. Apologize 答案： B 【例 25 】- Shall we sit up here on the grass

25、or down there near the water. - _ A. Id rather stay here if you dont mind. 5 2 B. Sorry, I dont like neither. C. Certainly, why not. D. Yes, we like these two places. 答案： A I d rather 表示 “ 我宁愿 ”3 询问对方是否介意询问对方是否介意事实上是一类特殊的提出要求或寻求建议的句子,关键词是 mind ；这类题一般有下面几种提问方式：Do you mind .Would you mind .回答时要特殊留意：假如

26、表示介意,也就是不同意对方说的要用Yes；出于礼貌原就,不能用Sure / Certainly ；假如表示不介意,也就是表示同意要用No. / Go ahead. / Not at all. 【例 26 】- Do you mind if I switch off the radio. - _. Go ahead. A. Never mind B. No way C. No, not at all D. No, youd better not 答案： C 【例 27 】- Do you mind my smoking here. - _. A. No, thanks B. Yes, I do

27、C. Yes. Id rather not D. Good idea 答案： C 4 借仍物品 借物品时,往往可以用下面两个句型：Could Can I borrow . Could I use . 回答时要留意礼貌：同意时要表示得干脆, 尽量用 Sure / Certainly /Here you are / With pleasure / By all means 如不能同意要表示歉意,并且给出缘由；（至今没有考过）仍物品要表示感谢（至今没有考过）【例 28 】-Could I borrow your car, please. -_ A. Good idea. B. No hurry. C

28、. With pleasure. D. No surprise. 答案： C 5 2 3. 人际交往 人际交往类的题目可以分为四类：邀请,介绍,问候和辞别1 邀请 邀请时可以用下面这些句型：Would you like to join .Can you come .Would you be able to come /go .回应他人邀请时可以用一下句型：表示接受邀请时可用：I d like to / Id love to / Ill come. / Its my pleasure.表示不能接受邀请时可用：I m afraid not. / Id love to, but 在对方接受或不能接受

29、邀请时,可以用下面的句子回应：Thank you for coming. I m s orry to hear that. 【例 29 】- Oh, Betty, we will be having a buffet party next Saturday, and wed like you to join us. - _, Susan. Whats the occasion. What time do you want me to come. A. Id love to B. No way C. By no means D. Im afraid not 答案： A 从答句的后半句What t

30、ime do you want me to come可以看出,被邀请者是情愿出席宴会的；【例 30 】- Thank you for asking me to your party. But I cant come. - _. A. Thats right B. Im sorry to hear that C. Thanks a lot D. Oh, Im very glad 答案： B 2 介绍 介绍是常用的句型有：相互介绍时用：This is 自我介绍时用：I m 经过介绍后可以用的句型有：Nice to meet you. Pleased to meet you. 【例 31 】-Hi.

31、 Jim. This is my brother Peter. - _ A. How are you. B. Fine, thank you. C. Nice to meet you. D. You are very kind. 5 2 答案： C 3 问候 问候语比较简洁,常考的题目如下：- How are you. - Fine, thank you. / Not too bad. - How is your father. - He is fine. - How are your parents. - They are fine. - How do you do. - How do yo

32、u do. - Nice / Glad to meet you. - Nice/ Glad to meet you, too. 【例 32 】- How are you, Bob. - _, Ted. A. How are you. B. Im fine. Thank you. C. How do you do. D. Nice to meet you. 答案： B 【例 33 】- How do you do. Glad to meet you. - _ A. Fine. How are you. B. How do you do. Glad to meet you, too. C. How

33、 are you. Thank you. D. Nice. How are you. 答案： B 4 辞别 辞别也比较简洁,常见的句子如下：Good-bye. See you later. Good night. So early. 【例 34 】- Marilyn, Im afraid I have to be leaving now. - _ A. That sounds wonderful. B. Oh, so early. C. Not at all. D. Good luck. 答案： B So early. 往往是宴会的主人对正在辞别的客人说的,表示“你（们） 怎么 这么早走？ ”

34、4. 祝愿与颂扬 祝愿与颂扬类的题目可分为三类：庆贺、节日希望和颂扬；1庆贺Congratulations或庆贺类的题目最常见的词是congratulation 应对别人的庆贺Congratulations.时,可以使用Thank you ；如有人给喜讯如win the game 或 pass the exam 时,可以用Well done ；5 2 当听到别人有游玩的支配,如 I am going to a party Beijing 或 I ll go camping fishing ,多可以用 have a good time 或 enjoy yourself ；【例 35 】- Con

35、gratulations. You won the first prize in todays speech contest. - _. A. Yes, I beat the others B. No, no, I didnt do it well C. Thank you D. Its a pleasure 答案： C 【例 36 】- Ill go camping this weekend. - _. A. Can you go fishing, too B. Dont give it up C. Have a good time D. glad to hear it 答案： C 2 节日

36、希望 最常见的节日希望有下面几种：会话双方一起过的节日,可以用Happy new year. / Have a good day.等,回答可以用 The same to you. 单方面过的节日,可以用 Happy teachers day. 等,回答时可以用 Thank you. 或 Many happy returns of the day. 庆贺人生日可以用 Happy birthday. 【例 37 】- Happy Teachers Day to you, Mr. Wang.- _. A. Thank you B. All the same C. Me, too D. The sam

37、e to you 答案： A 3颂扬Thank you或 Thanks 来回答；颂扬类的题目一般都用【例 38 】- How are you. You look nice. - _. A. Thanks, so are you B. Thanks, so do you C. Yes, I do D. Yes, you are too 答案： B 这道题中两个答案有Thanks ；用 are 仍是 do,主要看前面的句子中是否5.情感表达有 be 动词,假如有,可以用are ,没有那么用do；情感表达题可以分为以下三类：感谢、致歉和遗憾；1 感谢回答别人的感谢,可以用以下句子：5 2 You a

38、re welcome. Not at all. I m glad you like it.My pleasure. My / Our honour. 【例 39 】- Thank you very much for giving me so much help. - _. A. No thank you B. Youre welcome C. OK D. Thanks 答案： B 2 致歉 回答 Sorry. / I apologize 等可以用下面句子：It doesnt matter.Never mind. That s OK. / Thats all right. / Its OK. /

39、 Its all right.No problem. Dont worry.【例 40 】- Sorry, I made a mistake again. - _. Practice more and youll succeed. A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Dont mention it 答案： A 【例 41 】- I cant repair your recorder until tomorrow, Im afraid. -Thats OK, theres _. A. no problem B. no wonder C.

40、 no doubt D. no worry 答案： A 3遗憾I cant , Im afraid 表达一种委婉的歉意；表达遗憾,一般可以用下面的句子：I am sorry to hear that. What a pity. 回答是,可以用 Thank you ；【例 42 】- Im sorry to hear that you failed in the exam. - _. A. Not at all B. Oh, thank you. Thats very kind of you. C. You are welcome 5 2 D. Yes, Im really sorry 答案：

41、B 【例 43 】- I missed yesterdays football final. - _ A. Its a good idea. B. What a pity. C. Remember to bring it next time. D. Im glad to hear that. 答案： B 一、第三讲完形填空2. 查询空格前后单词的完形填空的应试技巧完形填空解题分三步走,一“ 查”、二 “挑”、三 “蒙”；一“查” 是指： 1. 浏览五个选项,查出单词的大致意思和词性；大致意思和词性；二“挑”是指： 1. 依据词性规章选择单词；2. 依据句子意思选择单词；三“蒙”是指： 1. 假

42、如的确无法选,那么5 道题选同一个答案；2. 假如确保1 道题确定答对的前提下,其他4 道题选同一个答案；二、例题【例 1】A. student B. at C. in D. old E. His William J. Sidis, was born in 1898. _21_ father was an American psychiatrist. At the age of six months, William knew the English alphabet; he could read and write when he was two. When he was eight yea

43、rs _22_, young Sidis had completed both elementary and high school. At the age of nine, William entered Harvard University. As a _23_ at Harvard, Sidis displayed phenomenal knowledge in the field of mathematics, often amazing his professors. He graduated with honors _24_ the age of 16 and became a f

44、ull professor of mathematics at the university at 19. The story of William J. Sidis unfortunately, does not end happily. This brilliant ex-genius died a lonely death in 1943 in a hotel room _25_ New York. 答案： E D A B C 【例 2 】A. invented B. to give C. such as D. life E. using Thomas Edison wore many

45、caps during his life, _21_ thinking caps, the caps of many famous schools and colleges. But the most important cap was his thinking cap. It had saved his mothers _22_. One day when he was a boy, his mother fell ill. The doctor wanted _23_ her an operation. But the light in the room was not bright. 5

46、 2 Edison quickly put on his thinking cap and he found a way to save his mother. Edison was good at _24_ his hands and his head. He was the most interested in electricity. We can see his inventions everywhere because they are very common. They were _25_ by Edisons thinking cap. 第四讲 阅读懂得阅读懂得题分为四大类：客观

47、表述题、主观推断题、全文总结提和语意补充题一、客观表述题 学问点： 懂得文中详细信息 考试目标： 主要是考察考生对文章细节、事实的文字懂得【例 1】Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good,thick paper,old letters, for example. She doesnt like newspapers very much. Of course , the best paper comes from wood. Wood c

48、omes from trees,and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit and plants too wood and paper. ,and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat 题目： The best paper comes from wood. 答案： T 【例 2 】A story is told about a soldier who was finally coming home after having fought in Vietnam. He ca lled his parents f

49、rom San Francisco. “Mom and Dad, Im coming home, but Ive a favor to ask. I have a friend. Id like to bring him home with me.”题目： The soldier called his parents from San Francisco after having fought in Vietnam. 答案： T 二、主观推断题 学问点： 对已知信息进行判定、推理和引申,懂得作者的意图、观点或态度考试目标： 侧重考察考生依据已知的信息细节及相关的内容进行推理和判定的才能【例 3 】As you might expect, the statue is very big. Visitors can ride an elevator from the ground to the bottom of the statue. If they want, they can then walk up 168 steps to reach the head of the statue where they can l