2020年新高考英语热点09阅读理解(教师版)

1、精品资源备战高考高频必考攻克高考热点09阅读理解【命题趋势】.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文 章结构题的考查。.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息 向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇 有所增加（主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词）。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中“根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义”这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。.句子的

2、难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现”语言是文化的载体”这一理念。【满分技巧】一、细节理解类题型一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情 感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来

3、设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：.Which of the following statements is（not） true/correct?.Which of the following is not mentioned?.All of the following are true except.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which, etc.?二、推理判断类题型推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解

4、作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力， 属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：We can infer from the Passage that.What can be inferred from the Passage?Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that.The author suggests in this paragraph that.The wr

5、iter implies that.It can be inferred that.It can be concluded from the Passage that.On the whole, we can conclude that.From the text we can conclude that.After reading the Passage we may conclude that.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?The author is inclined to think that.When the writer

6、talks about, what he really means is that.What s the writer s attitude/feeairdsto?In the writer s opinion,.三、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽 管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这 类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要 把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法 ，语境等推测关键词义。 四、

7、主旨大意类题型主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能 是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除仔细阅读第一段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，

8、有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】应用文广告类、记叙文人物故事类、说明文科技环保类、议论文社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（江西师范大学附属中学 2019届高三三模）话题：应用文，美国夏洛特市的文化活动难度：建议用时：5分Our

9、 Annual Cultural EventsA Night in RioWe are proud to bring the energy and enthusiasm of Brazilian Carnival to Charlotte with A Night inRio! Get a taste of Carnival through dancing, live music, authentic food, drinks and marketplace. Put on your green and yellow, and join us for the unforgettable exp

10、erience of Brazilian Carnival!Date: Saturday, February 24, 2018TICKETS A VAILABLE ONL Y AT THE DOORLocation: Neighborhood Theatre, CharlotteTime: 7 PMRitmo & SaborWe are thrilled to bring the annual celebration Ritmo & Sabor Festival! Featuring dance performances and FREE dance lessons and delicious

11、, authentic Latin cuisine, this festival will be a fantastic celebration for the entire family to enjoy! Food and beer will be available for purchase. Come out to enjoy a great summer evening of Ritmo & Sabor!Date: Saturday July 2, 2018Location: International & Cultural Center, CharlotteTime: 5 11 P

12、MFREE ADMISSIONLas Am 荷casJoin us in the annual celebration LAS AM RICAS! We display our history and identity of Latin America through musical performances, story-telling and poetry. Enjoy yourself with local artists, shop your way through a market of arts and crafts and join in some of the finest L

13、atin American cuisine.Date: August 18, 2018Location: Midwood International & Culture Center, CharlotteTime: 2 7 PMAdmission is FREE.Latin American FestivalFestival Latinoamericano returns for its 28th year, with musical artists and dance performances, a diverse authentic selection of Latin American

14、food, visual artists, and a street festival environment with activities for the whole family.Location: Symphony Park at South Park Mall, CharlotteDate: Saturday Sept. 29 (1-8pm)Admission: $10; Children aged 8 & under are free.What does Ritmo & Sabor mainly provide?A. Music and visual art.B. Food and

15、 beer.C. Dance and poetry.D. Dance and food.What can you do at Las Am ricas? eBuy some local crafts as souvenirs.Enjoy typical Latin American beer.Dance in green and yellow clothes.Watch local dancers performances.Which event requires a ticket for a seven-year-old child?A. Las Am ricas.B. Ritmo & Sa

16、bor.C. A Night in Rio.D. Latin American Festival.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了美国夏洛特市一年一度的文化活动的相关信息。D 【解析】细节理解题。由 Ritmo & Sabor 中的 ! Featuring dance performances and FREE dance lessons and delicious, authentic Latin cuisine! 可知，以舞蹈表演、免费舞蹈课和美味的正宗拉丁美食为特色。所以 Ritmo & Sabor 节主要提供的是舞蹈和食物。故 D 选项正确。A【解析】细节理解题。由 Las Am

17、 ericas 中的 Enjoy yourself with local artists, shop your way through a market of arts and crafts and join in some of the finest Latin American cuisine. 可知， 与当地的艺术家 起狂欢，在艺术品和工艺品市场购物，享受最好的拉丁美洲美食。所以你能在Las Am ericas节上购买一些当地工艺品作为纪念品。故 A选项正确。C【解析】细节理解题。由 A Night in Rio 中的 TICKETS A VAILABLE ONL Y AT THE DO

18、OR 可知， 参加这个文化活动，需要门票。所以 A Night in Rio要求7岁的孩子购票才可进入。故 C选项正确。B（2019天津耀华中学高考模拟）话题：记叙文，成长的烦恼难度：建议用时：5分 OK, I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. What s going on with you and youfriend J. ? J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp-a position Lucy herself occu

19、pied the previous summer? Now, she s the one on the outsnd every day at snack time , she tells me all about it , while I offer the unhelpful advice all summer long. She sond of giving orders, Lucy complained. She surning everyone against me. She smean. And she s fat.” Excuse me, I said, struggling f

20、or calm. What did you just say ? She s fat. Lucymumbled （含糊地说） . Wd re going upstairs I said , my voice cold. We re going to discuss this. And up we went. I d spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this dayhe day we d have the conversation about this horrible word. I knew exactly wha

21、t to say to the girl on the receiving end of the teasing（取笑）,but in allof my imaginings （想象的情况）,it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the F word-Fat.My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her. How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wa

22、sn t your fault I began. She could stop eating so much , Lucy mumbled , mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors have given overweight women for years. it s not always that eqsy I said. Everyone s different in terms of how they treat food. Lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. I opened my

23、 mouth , and then closed it. Should I tell her that , in teasing a woman sweight, she s joined the long tradition of critics Should I tell her I didn t cry when someone posted my picture andcommented , I m sorrybut aren t auihwho write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty ?Does she ne

24、ed to know, now, that life isn ? Itfeer her eyes on me , waiting for an answer I don t have.Words are my tools. Stories are my job. It s possible she lloeevembsmcwhilaavsay）力dea what to say.So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true. I say to my daughter, I love you ， an

25、d there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you. But I m disappointedyionu right now. There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone. What she looks like isn t one of them.Lucy nods ， tears on her cheeks. I won t say， thsahteagtealilns me ， and I pull her close ， pressing my noseaga

26、inst her hair. As we sit there together ， I pray for her to be smart and strong. I pray for her to find friends ， work she loves ， a partner who loves her. And still ， always ， I pray that she will never struggle as I， thavte struggledweight will never be her cross to bear. She may not be able to us

27、e the word in our home ， but I can use in my head. I pray that she will never get fat.The underlined sentence in Paragraph I indicates that Lucy .A. often makes fun of her friend J.B. has turned against her friend J.C. gets along well with her friend J.D. has begun to compete with her friend J.Why d

28、oes the author want to discuss with Lucy ？Because she wants to offer some other helpful advice.Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years.Because she is really shocked at Lucy ess. s rudenBecause she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own.What does the author want her daughter

29、 to know ？It is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat less.People shouldn t complain because life is unfair.She herself was once laughed at for her appearance.People shouldn t be blamed for their appearance.It can be inferred from the passage that .the author earns a living by writing storiesth

30、e author is a fat but good-looking womanthe author predicted what would happen to her daughterthe author s daughter agreed with her from the beginningThe author s attitude towards her daughter can be best described as . A. satisfied and friendlyB. indifferent but patientC. loving but strict.D. unsat

31、isfied and angry【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，在这个以瘦为美的世界里，你也许是个异类而被嘲笑、被排挤，从满怀期待到默然不语，一直尝试摆脱这一切却发现实属不易。这世上没有人能更爱你：一位胖母亲用自己的成长故事说出了对女儿的爱和期许。B【解析】推理判断题。根据 What s going on with you and your friend J? J. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp - a position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer. Now she

32、 s the oneouts,作者询问女儿和J之间发生了什么事，J现在是夏令营领导，这个职位以前是 Lucy的，得知Lucy和J反目成仇了。选 B。C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二、三段 She s fond of giving orders, Lucy complained. She s tureveryone against me. She s mean. And she Excissfatne, I said, struggling for calm. What did you just say? She s fat!得知Lucy抱怨J.爱发号施令长得又肥又胖，听到这些作者感到出乎意料，没

33、想到女儿会用肥胖这个粗鲁的词眼。因此选 CoD【解析】细节理解题。根据 My daughter sat on her bed, and I sat beside her. How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasn十t your临谶想要告诉女儿： 人们不应该因 TOC o 1-5 h z 为外貌而被别人指责。选DoA【解析】推理判断题。根据 Words are my tools. Stories are my job.得知作者是靠写作谋生的。选A。C【解析】推理判断题。通过作者和女儿的对话，可知作者

34、深爱女儿但是又严格要求自己的女儿。选CoC（天津市宝土氐一中2019届高三第三次模拟）话题：说明文，消极思想对人的不利影响和培养积极思想的方法策略难度：建议用时：5分Apart from psychological illness , we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health. What we say to ourselves over and over for days, weeks, months , and sometimes years, has a great effect on how we see ou

35、rselves. This also contributes to many mental health disorders.Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds, but if youthem and believe them, they could be wearing your sense of self-esteem. Here are a few beliefs that indicate youmay need to switch the channel

36、 ： I m not good enough? /I don t deserve.? /No one likes me? /I m a faNegative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures, and they get you nowhere.What can you do? Here are some suggestions：Switch the channel when negative thoughts appear. Self- talk is not

37、so obvious that we often don t notice iteffect on our mood and belief systems. Key things to notice are if only or what if statements: the former keeps you caught in the past with regret, while the latter keeps you fearful of the future. There is nothingyou can do about the past, and the future isn

38、t here yet, so stay in the present moment.Recognize that actions always follow beliefs. Youlf belhl afivnidngyoinurwsaeys that are consistent to yourbeliefs. So, start believing the best about yourself ： act as if you believe that you re a valuable and worthy person.Develop positive self-talk rather

39、 than negative self-talk. Instead of always looking down upon yourself in yourhead, think of some things you actually like about yourself. What are your strengths? What are you good at? Insteadof saying I m a loser ， try saying ， I am capable./I m good at./I accept myself the wayI am.Thinking poorly

40、 about ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self-limiting. Decide today to turn off thenegative self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that .lots of people have no sense of self-esteemfocusing on negative thoughts may have bad

41、effect on peoplenegative thoughts will strengthen our sense of self-esteemfew people have negative thoughts and mental problemsThe underlined word wearing in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .A. strengtheningB. protectingC. weakeningD. replacingWhat do the suggestions in the text tell us?Our bel

42、iefs always come after actions.Positive self-talk does good to our mental health.Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty. What if keeps you stuck in the past with regret.The text encourages us to .A. get rid of negative thoughtsB. get anywhere we likeC. think highly of othersD. turn off the

43、 self-talk channelThis text is most likely to appear in .A. a recreation guideB. a medical journalC. a science textbookD. a travel brochure【文章大意】本文属于说明文，主要讲述消极思想对人的不利影响，以及培养积极的思想的方法策略。B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 What we say to ourselves over and over for days ， weeks，months ， and sometimes years， has a gr

44、eat effect on how we see ourselves. This also contributes to manymental health disorders.以及第二段中的“Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playingon the channel of our minds 可以判断出，消极的思想会对人产生不利的影响，故答案为B。C【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing onthe channel

45、of our minds, but if you re buried in them andlbeevetlem的是消极的思想可能会减弱人们的自尊感(sense of self-esteem)。故wearing在此与 weakening的意思最接近，表示 减 弱,故选CoB【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段What can you do? Here are some suggestions：以及文章最后四段的内容可推知，积极的自我暗示又我们的心理有益，故 B项正确。A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段What can you do? Here are some suggestions：可知，本文告诉我

46、们消极思想的危害以及避免消极思想的方法，故选 A。B【解析】推理判断题。由于本文主要说明的是消极思想和积极思想对人们所产生的影响，故本文最有 可能出现在医学杂志上，选 B。D(2019年安徽省合肥市第六中学最后一卷)话题：说明文，电子产品噪音的危害难度：建议用时：5分More than one billion young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones and other audio devices, the UN warned Tuesday, proposing new safety

47、 standards for safe volume levels.Currently, about five percent of the global population, or some 466 million people, including 34 million children, suffer from disabling hearing loss. Young people are particularly likely to develop such risky listening habits. Around half of those between the ages

48、of 12 and 35, or 1.1 billion people, are at risk due to long and severe exposure to loud sounds, including music they listen to through personal audio devices, the UN health agency said.In a bid to safeguard hearing, the World Health Organization and International Telecommunications Union issued an

49、international standard for the manufacture and use of audio devices. WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes as unsafe. The safe listening devices and systems standard calls for a sound allowance software to be included in all audio devices, to track t

50、he volume level and duration of a user s exposure to sound, and to evaluate the risk posed to their hearing. This system could alert a user if they have dangerous listening habits.WHO is also calling for parental as well as automatic volume controls on audio devices to prevent dangerous use. While s

51、ome smartphones and other audio devices already offer some of these features, the UN would like to see a uniform standard used to help protect against disabling hearing loss.Think of it like driving on a highway, but without a speedometer in your car or a speed limit, Shelly Chadhaof the WHO told re

52、porters in Geneva. What we veproposed is that your smartphones come fitted with a speedometer, with a measurement system which tells you how much sound you re getting and tells you if yougoing over the limit.What is the purpose of proposing new safe volume standards?To warn people of dangerous liste

53、ning habits.To help protect against disabling hearing loss.To promote the development of audio devices.To prevent the manufacture and use of audio devices.Where can you find the data that best supports young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones ?A. In paragraph 2.B.

54、In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.What do we know about safe volume levels according to paragraph 3?It is safe to listen to music under any circumstances.It is important to keep track of the risk for the users.It is necessary to have users alerted by their parents.It is acceptable t

55、o keep the volume at 90 decibels for 15 minutes.What is the best title for the text?A. Turning Down the V olume.B. Making Good Use of Smartphones.C. The Rise and Fall of Audio Devices.D. The Safety Standards for Volume Levels.【文章大意】本文属于新闻，主要介绍由于过度使用电子产品，长期暴露于过高音量的环境中，超过10 亿年轻人面临听力丧失的风险，因此联合国提议为安全音量设

56、定新的安全标准。B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 More than one billion young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones andother audio devices, the UN warned Tuesday, proposing new safety standards forsafe volume levels.可知，超过10亿的年轻人由于过度使用手机和其他音频设备面临听力丧失的危险，因此联合国提议为安全音量设定新的安全标准，故可知，设定新标准是为了预防年轻人的听

57、力丧失，故选 B 。A【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段 Young people are particularly likely to develop such risky listening habits.Around half of those between the ages of 12 and 35, or 1.1 billion people, are at risk due to long and severe exposure to loud sounds, including music they listen to through personal audio devices

58、, 可知，年轻 人更有可能形成危险的听力习惯，将近一半的年龄在 12至35岁的人，由于长时间暴露在过高音量的 环境中，面临听力丧失的危险，故第二段可以证明年轻人面临听力丧失危险，故选A。D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段 WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes as unsafe.可知，世界卫生组织把连续八小时暴露于85分贝以上行为或者暴露于 100分贝15分钟的行为定义为不安全，故可以推出，暴露于 890分贝15分钟是安全，故选 D。A【解析】主旨大意题。主要

59、介绍由于过度使用电子产品，长期暴露于过高音量的环境中，超过10亿年轻人面临听力丧失的风险，因此联合国提议为安全音量设定新的安全标准。主要讲述过高音量的危害，呼吁降低音量，故选 A。E（甘肃省兰州市第一中学 2019届高三6月最后高考冲刺模拟）话题：说明文，快走保护心脏健康和预防过早死亡难度：建议用时：5分The secret to living longer could be as simple as picking up your walking pace, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Sydney

60、 found that walking at a brisk（ 快的）or fast pace was associated with a risk reduction of 24 percent for any cause of death.This effect was even more obvious in older age group, with fast walkers over the age of 60 reducing their risk of death by a surprising 53 percent. Professor Emmanuel Stamatakis,